著者

洞口 治夫

出版者

法政大学経済学部学会

雑誌

経済志林 (ISSN:00229741)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.4, pp.381-402, 2018-03

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This article discusses the relevance of three concepts from Hirschman's book, Exit, V oice, and Loyalty: Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States, to the power structure of corporate management. When one adds the administration of the organization to the model, one can expect some internal action patterns to emerge in an organization in decline. When the administration needs to reduce the number of the organization's members, it will try to "exclude" some members and "disregard" them. In such organizations, these members are involved in repetitious routine, so they work with little motivation to improve their productivity. The administrative managers thus ought to deal with less motivated members. We call such situation "inertia." While exit, voice, and loyalty correspond to the voluntary intention of individuals who join the organization, exclusion, disregard, and inertia are collective action patterns on the part of the members of the administration that can be adopted in the organization's hierarchy. If such a pattern becomes prevalent, it is impossible to expect self-purification processes inside the organization even when the firm breaks the law, for instance, by engaging in faulty internal auditing, inadequately observing quality control standards, or neglecting the requirements of legal compliance.

著者

岡 孝

出版者

法政大学経済学部学会

雑誌

経済志林 = 経済志林 (ISSN:00229741)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.2, pp.27-49, 2010-10-30

著者

小峰 隆夫

出版者

法政大学経済学部学会

雑誌

経済志林 (ISSN:00229741)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.3, pp.5-24, 2010-03

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This article is an attempt to answer three questions. The first is why the Japanese economy suffered a heavier blow than the U.S. from the Lehman shock. The answer is that it was not only due to the fall of exports but also to the adjustment of inventory investment and the "acceleration principle" for plant investment. The second is how we should evaluate the economic policy of the Japanese Government following the Lehman shock. The conclusion of this article is that the evaluation should not be very high, considering the delay in the Government's recognition of the seriousness of the economic situation. The third is what policy orientation should be adopted to transform the economy from net export-led growth to domestic demand-led growth. This article outlines the difference between net exports and exports, and recommends that exports, imports and domestic demand be expanded at the same time to realize growth led by domestic demand.

著者

靎見 誠良

出版者

法政大学経済学部学会

雑誌

経済志林 = 経済志林 (ISSN:00229741)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.29-63, 1983-07-30

著者

坂本 憲昭

出版者

法政大学経済学部学会

雑誌

経済志林 = 経済志林 (ISSN:00229741)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.1, pp.1-21, 2017-08-22

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This paper shows the degree of congestion at a restaurant in a theme park through a simulation using Little’s formula, which is the most basic principle in Queueing Theory. In a certain type of restaurant, customers place their orders and pay first, then stand in line to receive their meals. The problem is the long time needed to serve the meals even when vacant seats can easily be found. Regarding congestion, it takes 40 minutes or more for the customers to receive their orders after lining up in the restaurant. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate a case where Little’s formula reproduces a real system.

著者

上林 敬宗

出版者

法政大学

雑誌

経済志林 (ISSN:00229741)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.2, pp.247-277, 2000-11-30

著者

坂本 憲昭

出版者

法政大学経済学部学会

雑誌

経済志林 (ISSN:00229741)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.1, pp.37-63, 2016-09

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This paper examines the opinion that the future of the high-rise apartment is the same as the history of the housing complex. As a result of having checked the age change of the local residents in each area with many housing complex, the large-scale apartments or the high-rise apartments, it is found that the ratio of people over 65 years old of the high-rise apartments in the early period is increasing. To continue the movement of inhabitants based on the process of the housing complex, the practice of the next factors are necessary. [Internal factor] Keep high asset value of high-rise apartments by the large-scale repair and renovation work. [External factor] Support measure to the families.

著者

斎藤 修

出版者

法政大学

雑誌

経済志林 (ISSN:00229741)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.4, pp.315-332, 2006-03-03

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The work culture of prewar Japan's workshop industries (machi-kōba) is characterised by the persistence of traditional attitudes towards craft skills and the workers' high propensity to start a business on their own. This paper explores biographical information about 41 prewar 'inventors' (hatsumeika) of humble origins. They were born in the Meiji period or earlier. As successful men, most of them started their own manufacturing businesses (some of which became big businesses later), but all had only received an elementary education and were supposed to have worked in a workshop industry in the early stages of their career. A close scrutiny of their personal histories reveals, firstly, that formal apprenticeship of a traditional type did not play a significant role whereas factory apprenticeship did. Secondly, there were two groups of workshop worker-inventors: one group came from the countryside, i.e. from farm and/or part-time craftsman households, and the other, from self-employed craftsmen in towns and cities. The typical path to the workshop industry was through factory apprenticeship in the former group while it was training at home in the latter group. Thirdly, the rural-born, factory-apprenticed workers tended to start their own businesses at a substantially younger age than those who were urban-born and home-trained. In terms of numerical importance, moreover, the former outnumbered the latter. In other words, much of prewar Japan's workshop culture must have been of rural origin.

著者

宮﨑 憲治

出版者

法政大学経済学部学会

雑誌

経済志林 (ISSN:00229741)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.4, pp.285-321, 2015-03

著者

原田 二郎 Harada Jiro

出版者

法政大学経済学部学会

雑誌

経済志林 (ISSN:00229741)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.3, pp.89-109, 2011-02

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It is well-known that the idea of different worlds in China (especially theworld of the dead) is very secular. The underworld is a world of governmentoffices operated through officials and documents, but it is located underground.Can we go there by the use of some tunnel?In novels written by the old intellectuals, we find that a man who was totravel to the underworld was visited by messengers from that world. Theyguided him to the world of the dead, but at that time, they did not use atunnel, even though that world is located underground. The underworld iscontiguous to the world above ground. Since it is an alien world, however,it should be separated from the human world. How can the messengersguide a human being to the underground world?According to the novels, when the messengers appear to take someoneto their home, it is a time when the man is dying, or during illness, or in adream. What do these have in common? It is a time when his eyes areclosed. By closing the eyes, the man enters into a different world. Closingthe eyes is the tunnel to the alien world.The Chinese word for the underground world is 'meikai' which means adark world. In Chinese novels, the alien world is a place that a man canreach by going through a dark tunnel, or by closing the eyes.

著者

山本 健兒

出版者

法政大学

雑誌

経済志林 (ISSN:00229741)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.4, pp.271-302, 2002-03-28

被引用文献数

3

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The chief aim of this paper is a reexamination, within a Japanese context, of the "learning region" concept. Since the mid l990s, this concept has often been employed in the economic geography of the Western World, where it generally focuses upon industrial clusters of high-technology small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) under the pressure of economic globalization. However, the same concept can also be applied to the middle-tech and low-tech manufacturing industries in the l970s. A concrete instance is aptly provided by the Suwa-Okaya district of Nagano Prefecture in Japan. In this region, after World War II, precision machine industry was developed, followed in the l970s by micro-electronics industry for office instruments; together, both SMEs and larger corporations learned technologies and skills of NC (numerically controlled) machines with and from each other. The Precision Technology Research Institute of Nagano Prefecture played an important role for the establishment of the NC Technology Research Association, in which over fifty corporations took part; more than half of them were based in the Suwa-Okaya district. Through the activities of the association, participants could obtain knowledge of NC machines. At first, the skills accumulated in individual firms as tacit knowledge, which, in the course of association activities, was transformed to codified knowledge. With the collaboration of a machine manufacturer located outside the district, one of the participating SMEs contributed to innovations of NC lathe technology. In l982, due to diffusion and skill development among SMEs in Nagano Prefecture, the association was dissolved. But the same year saw the birth of its successor: a new association, which continues its activity today. The sustainability of the Suwa-Okaya district as an industrial cluster can, at least in part, be attributed to the network of local corporations.

著者

山本 有造

出版者

法政大学

雑誌

経済志林 (ISSN:00229741)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.4, pp.97-110, 2006-03-03

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What kind of special features did "the Japanese Colonial Empire"have in the general history of modern colonial empires?In recent years, we can find new developments in the research of thehistory of modern empires and the history of Japanese empire. However,the trend has not yet resulted in the stage of discussing specialfeatures from a comparative-historical view, relating to the "Japaneseempire" to general "empires". As a first step, the purpose of this paperis to look back upon the history of the colonial rule of Japan over about50 years and to summarize some special features. As we reach 60 yearsafter the defeat of Japan, it must be worth showing such a trial todiscuss the source of Japan's influence on modern East Asian history.We discuss special features found in the rule of modern Japanesecolonial empire, summarizing the four points below: (1) Late-comingimperialism, (2) Neighbor invasive imperialism, (3) Inland assimilationprinciple, and (4) Industrial development principle.

著者

渡部 訓 Watanabe Satoshi

出版者

法政大学経済学部学会

雑誌

経済志林 (ISSN:00229741)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.4, pp.251-286[含 英語文要旨], 2009-03

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The Basel Committee on Banking Supervision was established at the end of 1974 by the central-bank governors of the G10 countries, to restore international financial system stability in the aftermath of the failure ofBankhaus Herstatt. Its first major achievement was the adoption of the"Concordat" which set up the basic principles for international cooperationin the area of banking supervision. Since the adoption of the Concordat, the Committee has held regular meetings three or four times a year to further promote internationalcooperation in banking supervision. Among its major achievements were: (1) the use of supervision on a consolidated basis; (2) the effective monitoring of banks' solvency and liquidity adequacy; (3) best practicesconcerning country risk management and supervision; and (4) the prudential control of foreign exchange operations and the role of supervision. Also, the Committee provided members with opportunities to exchange information on the following banking supervisory matters: (1) the quality of bank capital; (2) arrangements for bank audits and affiliation relationships between banks and non-banks; (3) deposit insurance arrangements; (4) the supervision of banks' trust business; and (5) the role of profit and loss analysis in bank supervision. However, doubts emerged regarding the effectiveness of international cooperation in banking supervision under the Concordat in the summer of 1982, when Italian bank Banco Ambrosiano and its Luxembourg affiliateBanco Ambrosiano Holding collapsed and the Eurocurrency market was seriously disturbed.The Committee promptly reappraised the original Concordat and finalized its revised version in May 1983. In a change from the original Concordat, under which primary responsibility for supervising foreign subsidiaries and joint ventures rested with the host authorities in the division of responsibilities, the revised Concordat incorporated the principle of consolidated supervision, emphasizing the joint and overlapping nature of parent and host authorities' supervisory responsibilities.This paper discusses international cooperation in the area of bankingsupervision promoted by the Basel Committee by reviewing a wide range of documents such as publications and reports of the Committee.Also, it focuses on the revision of Concordat in the aftermath of the failure of Banco Ambrosiano.

著者

後藤 浩子 Goto Hiroko

出版者

法政大学経済学部学会

雑誌

経済志林 (ISSN:00229741)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.1, pp.207-238, 2015-03

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Compared with other European countries, the development of arts' institutes such as academies of arts and galleries was considerably slow in Great Britain. The Crown did not actively promote and support the arts until the late eighteenth century. Instead, voluntary clubs and societies of arts became places where connoisseurs, antiquaries, art amateurs, and artists mingled. This private-sector vitality can be seen as the British enlightenment movement on the arts scene and was to have a considerable influence on the features of the British museum. This paper shows how the enlightenment formed the British Museum and analyses the changes in purchases of collections and their backgrounds in the following three phases: Firstly, Sloane's collection and natural history; secondly, antiquarian collections and the Dilettanti; and thirdly, the Elgin collection and aesthetic controversy. In conclusion, the museum formed by the enlightenment is characterized by the three concepts of an institute of scientific and aesthetic instruction, a cultural asylum, and a device for aesthetic critique in the public sphere.

著者

宮﨑 憲治

出版者

法政大学経済学部学会

雑誌

経済志林 (ISSN:00229741)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.2, pp.119-149, 2015-11

著者

大谷 禎之介

出版者

法政大学経済学部学会

雑誌

経済志林 (ISSN:00229741)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.4, pp.1-66, 2005-03

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Since 1982 I have intermittently published in this Journal a series of articles, a consistent aim of which should be clear and extremely specific: that is to put Marx's manuscript for Ch. 5 of Book III of "Capital" under scrutiny. To start with, I translated the manuscript into Japanese, deciphering its complex structures. In order for my decipherment of it to be scientifically verifiable I added to the translation my own comments and annotations based on my analytical exploration of the manuscript as well as the third Volume of Engels' edition of "Capital". Marx's manuscript was published as vol. II/4.2. of the MEGA in 1993. Since then, I exploited the published version of MEGA-volume as the basis of my translation and also carried the translation of its scientific commentary. This series completed in 2002. In this article I would recapitulate the main knowledge and observations acquired through my own examinations of the construction of Ch. 5 and the contents of its respective components which nevertheless could hardly be grasped from Engels' edition. Following point, amongst many, is essential and therefore to be emphasized: By even now some researchers, almost all of who are relying on Engels' edition, think that the theoretical development in Ch. 5 except for the last historical observation consists of the first part which deals with the theory of interest-bearing capital and the second part which inquires into the credit and banking system if not comprehensively provided. But readers, if going through Marx's manuscript, could and should have become aware that the subject of the whole Ch. 5 is entirely tied to the interest-bearing capital. In the first four sections of this chapter Marx conceptually grasps the interest-bearing capital and then, having based himself on his conceptual examinations established in the previous four sections, he, in the section five, investigates the interest-bearing capital under the credit and banking system, i.e. "monied capital". Therefore the analysis of the credit and banking system itself should be interpreted as remaining totally outside "Capital", as Marx himself said at the beginning of the latter section of the manuscript: "An analysis of the credit and banking system... lies beyond our plan."

著者

東条 勝洋 金子 勝 山本 健兒 森 廣正(司会) Tojo Katsuhiro Kaneko Masaru Yamamoto Kenji Mori Hiromasa

出版者

法政大学経済学部学会

雑誌

経済志林 (ISSN:00229741)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.2, pp.61-119,図版2p, 2008-09

著者

大谷 禎之介

出版者

法政大学

雑誌

経済志林 (ISSN:00229741)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.4, pp.283-312, 1994

著者

渡部 亮 Watabe Ryo

出版者

法政大学経済学部学会

雑誌

経済志林 (ISSN:00229741)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.3, pp.25-57, 2010-03

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A key question regarding the international financial crisis of 2007-08 is whether it was mainly due to market failure or government failure. Regarding the former, there were well-known issues which had already been encountered in previous business cycles, including debt deflation andthe manic-depressive nature of asset markets, which therefore had been widely investigated by economists. But there were also new experiences such as the combination of securitization and credit derivatives in the socalled"shadow banking system." The expansion of non-banking financial sectors coupled with the networking economy led to creation of various sources of new credit which were not adequately monitored by regulatory authorities, giving rise to a new type of systemic risk. As for governmentfailure, collusive inter-relations between bankers on one hand, and law makers and government officials on the other, encouraged financial deregulations and caused unprecedented excesses in the banking sector.

著者

小林 襄治

出版者

法政大学経済学部学会

雑誌

経済志林 (ISSN:00229741)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.79, no.3, pp.219-253, 2012-03