著者

Kyoko Nomura Mutsuhiro Nakao Mikiya Sato Eiji Yano

出版者

Tohoku University Medical Press

雑誌

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.212, no.3, pp.239-246, 2007 (Released:2007-06-26)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

5 6

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Benzodiazepines are useful and effective psychotropic agents used worldwide. However, the long term use of the drugs can lead to serious adverse health effects such as psychomotor and cognitive impairment, especially in the elderly. In Japan, there are very few reports concerning long-term use of benzodiazepines, and no countermeasures have been instituted. Thus, this study assessed the characteristics of long-term prescription of benzodiazepines at a university hospital in Japan. A cross-sectional study using the database of a computer ordering system examined 4,239 adult outpatients who were prescribed benzodiazepines at a university teaching hospital between July 2002 and June 2003. The patients were divided into two groups: those with long-term (≥ 3 months) and short-term (≤ 2 months) prescriptions. A logistic regression model was used to analyze the effect of patient age on long-term benzodiazepine prescription. Adjusting for patient gender, pharmacological half-life of the drug, and department group, a logistic regression model showed that long-term benzodiazepine prescription occurred more frequently in older patients (p < 0.0001 in trend tests) and varied according to the physician's specialty (p < 0.0001). Benzodiazepines were more frequently prescribed for long term in the elderly by internal medicine group (p = 0.003). Of the patients older than 71 years (n = 1,105), 86% were assigned to the long-term group and were more likely to have been prescribed benzodiazepines by an internist than a surgeon (p < 0.0001). The appropriate prescription of benzodiazepines in the elderly should be included in the educational programs at teaching hospitals, and rational prescribing needs to be monitored carefully.

著者

Qin Liu Zhenhui Lu Huayu Wu Li Zheng

出版者

Tohoku University Medical Press

雑誌

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.235, no.3, pp.201-213, 2015 (Released:2015-03-10)

参考文献数

56

被引用文献数

10 11

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Articular cartilage is characterized by the lack of blood vessels and has a poor self-healing potential. Limited cell numbers and dedifferentiation of chondrocytes when expanded in vitro are the major obstacles of autologous chondrocyte implantation. Autologous chondrocyte implantation is a cell-based treatment that can be used as a second-line measure to regenerate chondral or osteochondral defects in younger, active patients. There is an urgent need to find an effective chondrogenic protection agent alleviating or inhibiting chondrocyte dedifferentiation. In this study, we explored the effect of taurine (2-aminoethane sulfonic acid) on proliferation and phenotype maintenance of human articular chondrocytes by analyzing the cell proliferation, morphology, viability, and expression of cartilage specific mRNAs and proteins. Primary chondrocytes were isolated from human articular cartilage tissues. Results showed that taurine effectively promoted chondrocyte growth and enhanced accumulation of glycosaminoglycans and collagens in the conditioned media of chondrocytes. Moreover, taurine exposure caused significant increases in the relative expression levels of mRNAs for cartilage specific markers, including aggrecan, collagen type II and SOX9. Aggrecan is a cartilage-specific proteoglycan, and SOX9 is a chondrogenic transcription factor. In contrast, the mRNA expression of collagen type I, a marker for chondrocyte dedifferentiation, was significantly decreased in cells treated with taurine, indicating that taurine inhibits the chondrocyte dedifferentiation. This study reveals that taurine is effective in proliferation promotion and phenotype maintenance of chondrocytes. Thus, taurine may be a useful pro-chondrogenic agent for autologous chondrocyte implantation in the treatment of cartilage repair.

著者

Takayoshi Ohkubo Michihiro Satoh

出版者

Tohoku University Medical Press

雑誌

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2023.J045, (Released:2023-06-08)

著者

HIDEO SUZUKI

出版者

Tohoku University Medical Press

雑誌

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.106, no.4, pp.329-342, 1972 (Released:2008-11-28)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1 1

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The effects of vitamin E deficiency and a combined high salt intake on pathological changes in the kidney and testis were studied with young rats given linseed oil and cod liver oil for 10 and 27 weeks, respectively, as a preliminary attempt to investigate the relation between vitamin E deficiency and lipid metabolism involving cell membrane fragility. Vitamin E deficiency caused by linseed oil resulted in degenerative renal changes and post-mortem renal autolysis. Supplementation with vitamin E partially protected the animals against the renal pathological changes. When cod liver oil was given, atrophy of the kidney and testis was observed. In both cases, renal autolysis and other signs of vitamin E deficiency were noted. The high salt intake had further effect on kidney changes when linseed oil was given and promoted testicular changes seen with cod liver oil but had less influence on other deficient signs. A decrease in lecithin and linoleic acid of the phospholipids of both organs was shown to be related to vitamin E deficiency.

著者

HIROSHI IZUMI MAKOTO HAYAKARI YOSHIKAZU KONDO TSUNEMATSU TAKEMOTO

出版者

Tohoku University Medical Press

雑誌

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.117, no.1, pp.101-102, 1975 (Released:2008-11-28)

参考文献数

12

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Dopamine-β-hydroxylase was partially purified from bovine adrenal medulla and the effect of carnosine on the dopamine-β-hydroxylase activity was investigated. Carnosine significantly inhibited the enzyme activity at the concentrations higher than 0.5mM. According to the Lineweaver-Burk plots, the inhibition observed appeared to be a non-competitive type with the substrate, tyramine.

著者

MinKyu Kim KiHun Cho WanHee Lee

出版者

Tohoku University Medical Press

雑誌

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.234, no.4, pp.281-286, 2014 (Released:2014-12-05)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

26 30

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Stroke patients live with balance and walking dysfunction. Walking is the most important factor for independent community activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of a community walking training program (CWTP) within the real environment on walking function and social participation in chronic stroke patients. Twenty-two stroke patients (13 male, 50.45 years old, post stroke duration 231.64 days) were randomly assigned to either the CWTP group or the control group. All subjects participated in the same standard rehabilitation program consisting of physical and occupational therapy for 60 min per day, five times a week, for four weeks. In addition, the CWTP group participated in CWTP for 30 min per day, five times a week, for four weeks. Walking function was assessed using the 10-m walk test (measurement for 10-meter walking speed), 6-min walk assessment (measurement of gait length for 6-minutes), and community gait assessment. Social participation was assessed using a social participation domain of stroke impact scale. In walking function, greater improvement was observed in the CWTP group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). In addition, social participation improved more in the CWTP group compared with the control group (P < 0.05). These findings demonstrate the efficacy of CWTP on walking function and social participation in chronic stroke patients. Therefore, we suggest that CWTP within the real environment may be an effective method for improving walking function and social participation of chronic stroke patients when added to standard rehabilitation.

著者

Tetsuya Akaishi Tamotsu Onodera Tatsuya Takahashi Hideo Harigae Tadashi Ishii

出版者

Tohoku University Medical Press

雑誌

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.259, no.4, pp.263-271, 2023 (Released:2023-03-09)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

3

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The third and fourth doses of the vaccine against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) were widely administered in Japan since December 2021. Currently, however, data are scarce regarding acute adverse events with the third and fourth doses. The present study reports the profiles of acute adverse events after the third and fourth COVID-19 vaccine doses, seen at the site of a mass vaccination center in Japan. Between December 2021 and July 2022, 267,515 individuals received the third, and 32,934 received the fourth COVID-19 vaccine dose at the mass vaccination center, of whom 442 recipients of the third (0.19%), and 22 recipients of the fourth (0.07%) dose reported acute adverse events and were examined by doctors on site. The most common diagnosis was vasovagal syncope/presyncope (incidence: 0.01-0.10%), followed by other miscellaneous complaints, acute allergic reactions (0.05-0.005%), and anaphylaxis (< 0.005%). Vasovagal syncope/presyncope occurred most frequently in recipients in those in their 20s, whereas acute allergic reactions were most frequent in those in their 40s. Both reactions were more frequent in women than men. The peak occurrence of vasovagal syncope/presyncope was earlier than 15 min after the injection, whereas that of acute allergic reaction was later than 15 min after the injection. The incidence of acute allergic reactions appeared to differ between various vaccine manufacturers, whereas that of vasovagal syncope/presyncope did not. These real-world data may benefit the safe and efficient implementation of mass vaccination campaigns for citizens who want to receive COVID-19 vaccines now and in the future.

著者

Akindele Abimibayo Adeoya Hiroyuki Sasaki Mikiko Fuda Tomoko Okamoto Shinichi Egawa

出版者

Tohoku University Medical Press

雑誌

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.256, no.2, pp.103-118, 2022 (Released:2022-02-15)

参考文献数

125

被引用文献数

6

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Disaster endangers the nutritional health of children with resulting effects on their mental, physical, and social well-being. Adequate infant and young child feeding (IYCF) in disaster prevents malnutrition and save lives. Although much progress has been made in nutritional support in disaster, malnutrition among children is still evident. This scoping review study was conducted to identify gaps in child nutrition in disaster. Published articles (1946-2020) in PubMed were sought primarily and were assessed with some additional relevant articles. Overall, 103 articles were included in the scope of this review. Increased morbidity and mortality from malnutrition (macro- and micro-nutrient deficiencies), communicable diseases and mental health issues are nutritional effects of disaster. Pre-disaster malnutrition, food insecurity, living environments in shelters, poor breast-feeding practices, sociocultural factors, and organizational and administrative challenges strongly affect child nutrition in disaster. The efforts and collaboration of relief agencies resulted in the development of standardized guidelines and codes represented as the Sphere Project and Operational Guideline for IYCF in Emergency. This study recommends a well-coordinated and explicit approach that includes preparedness, advocacy, development/updating of policies, and education of children, family and relief aid workers on nutrition. Periodic nutritional assessment of children and nutritional support in disaster by designated IYCF authority are necessary. Education and participation of the general population are also important. Future assessments must examine food allergies in children and nutrition effects on child mental health in disaster.

著者

Koji Yamashita Tadaatsu Imaizumi Masaharu Hatakeyama Wakako Tamo Daisuke Kimura Mika Kumagai Hidemi Yoshida Kei Satoh

出版者

Tohoku University Medical Press

雑誌

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.200, no.4, pp.187-194, 2003 (Released:2004-09-08)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

15 16

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CX3CL1-/fractalkine is a chemokine with a unique CX3C motif. Hypoxia mediates the expression of various genes, such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), cyclooxygenase-2, and plasminogen-activator inhibitor-1, in vascular endothelial cells. We studied the eect of hypoxia on the expression of fractalkine induced by interferon-γ (IFN-γ) in endothelial cells. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were cultured, and the stimulation of the cells with IFN-γ was found to induce the expression of fractalkine. Hypoxia inhibited the expression of fractalkine mRNA and protein by IFN-γ, and this eect was observed with concomitant increase in VEGF expression. Desferrioxamine, an iron chelator that mimics hypoxia in vitro, also inhibited the fractalkine production induced by IFN-γ. Hypoxia did not aect the degradation of fractalkine mRNA. The inhibition of fractalkine expression by hypoxia was reversed on returning the cultures to reoxygenation condition. Inhibition of IFN-induced fractalkine expression by hypoxia was not aected by the presence of a radical scavenger, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, and the involvement of reactive oxygen species may be excluded. Inhibition of fractalkine expression by hypoxia may be involved in the pathophysiology of ischemic diseases.

著者

Jumpei Temmoku Tomomi Sasajima Takeshi Kuroda Yuya Sumichika Kenji Saito Shuhei Yoshida Haruki Matsumoto Yuya Fujita Naoki Matsuoka Tomoyuki Asano Shuzo Sato Toshiyuki Yamada Yuko Hashimoto Kiyoshi Migita

出版者

Tohoku University Medical Press

雑誌

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2023.J003, (Released:2023-01-19)

著者

TOSHIHIKO TOKI NAOHIRO OIKAWA TORU TASE SHINJI SATO YUICHI WADA AKIRA YAJIMA HISASHI HIGASHIIWAI

出版者

Tohoku University Medical Press

雑誌

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.149, no.2, pp.163-167, 1986 (Released:2006-08-31)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

5 5

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TOKI, T., OIKAWA, N., TASE, T., SATO, S., WADA, Y., YAJIMA, A. and HIGASHIIWAI, H. Immunohistochemical and Electron Microscopic Demonstration of Human Papillomavirus in Dysplasia of the Uterine Cervix. Tohoku J. exp. Med., 1986, 149 (2), 163-167 - Twenty-five cases of dysplasia of the uterine cervix were studied for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) by means of immunohistochemical and electron microscopic techniques. Serial sections of the same histological specimen were examined in each case. HPV was detected in 14 cases by both immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy, while 10 cases were negative with both methods. In only one case, there was a discrepancy in the results derived from these two methods. It was concluded that the relation between HPV infection and cervical dysplasia was confirmed and that immunohistochemical and electron microscopic methods led almost to the same result in detecting HPV in cervical dysplasia.

著者

Shin Miura Kiyoshi Kume Kazuhiro Kikuta Shin Hamada Tetsuya Takikawa Naoki Yoshida Seiji Hongo Yu Tanaka Ryotaro Matsumoto Takanori Sano Mio Ikeda Toru Furukawa Masahiro Iseki Michiaki Unno Atsushi Masamune

出版者

Tohoku University Medical Press

雑誌

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.252, no.1, pp.63-71, 2020 (Released:2020-09-03)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

9 15

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Pancreatic cancer is one of the most dangerous solid tumors, but its early diagnosis is difficult. The abnormality of the main pancreatic duct (MPD), such as a single localized stricture and upstream dilatation, might be useful in the early detection of pancreatic cancer. However, these findings are often observed in benign inflammatory cases. This study aimed to clarify whether early pancreatic cancer presenting MPD abnormalities has characteristic features different from those of benign cases. This is a single-center, retrospective study. We analyzed 20 patients who underwent pancreatectomy presenting with a single, localized MPD stricture without identifiable masses on imaging: 10 patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (cancer group; 6 with stage 0 and 4 with stage I) and 10 patients with benign strictures (benign group; 8 with inflammation and 2 with low-grade pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasms). Pancreatectomy was performed in these benign cases because high-grade intraepithelial neoplasm was suspected. Although the proportion of patients with diabetes mellitus tended to be higher in the cancer group (6/10) than that in the benign group (1/10) (P = 0.058), other clinical characteristics were not different between the groups. Preoperative cytological malignancies were detected in four patients in the cancer group (4/10) but not in the benign group (P = 0.09). Focal parenchymal atrophy and fat replacement were more frequently detected on computed tomography in the cancer group (7/10) than in the benign group (1/10) (P = 0.02). In conclusion, focal parenchymal atrophy and fat replacement may provide clues for the early diagnosis of pancreatic cancer.

著者

Tomoko Kobayashi Mika Kobayashi Naoko Minegishi Masahiro Kikuya Taku Obara Mami Ishikuro Chizuru Yamanaka Tomomi Onuma Keiko Murakami Fumihiko Ueno Aoi Noda Akira Uruno Junichi Sugawara Kichiya Suzuki Eiichi N. Kodama Yohei Hamanaka Naho Tsuchiya Mana Kogure Naoki Nakaya Makiko Taira Mika Sakurai-Yageta Toru Tamahara Junko Kawashima Maki Goto Akihito Otsuki Ritsuko Shimizu Soichi Ogishima Hiroaki Hashizume Fuji Nagami Tomohiro Nakamura Atsushi Hozawa Tadao Kobayashi Nobuo Fuse Shinichi Kuriyama Shigeo Kure Masayuki Yamamoto

出版者

Tohoku University Medical Press

雑誌

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022.J103, (Released:2022-12-01)

被引用文献数

1

著者

Hiromichi Ueno Tomohiro Ishimaru Ryutaro Matsugaki Hajime Ando Kosuke Mafune Tomohisa Nagata Seiichiro Tateishi Mayumi Tsuji Yoshihisa Fujino for the CORoNaWork Project

出版者

Tohoku University Medical Press

雑誌

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022.J107, (Released:2022-12-08)

著者

Tao Xie Rui Yang Xianxian Zhang Xiaozhu Shen Liqiang Yu Juan Liao Tianhao Bao Qi Fang

出版者

Tohoku University Medical Press

雑誌

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.2022.J094, (Released:2022-11-10)

被引用文献数

3

著者

Steven Gallant Maria Kukley Sergey Stvolinsky Elena Bulygina Alexander Boldyrev

出版者

Tohoku University Medical Press

雑誌

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.191, no.2, pp.85-99, 2000 (Released:2005-06-28)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

34 38

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The effect of dietary carnosine on the behavioral and biochemical characteristics of rats under experimental ischemia was studied. Carnosine was shown to improve the animals orientation and learning in “Open Field” and “T-Maze” tests, and this effect was accompanied with an increase in glutamate binding to N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in brain synaptosomes. Long-term brain ischemia induced by both sides' occlusion of common carotid arteries resulted in 55% mortality of experimental rats, and those who survived were characterized by partial suppression of orientation in T-maze. In the group of rats treated with carnosine, mortality after ischemic attack was decreased (from 55% to 17%) and most of the learning parameters were kept at the pre-ischemic level. Monoamine oxidase B (MAO B) activity in brain of the carnosine treated rats was not changed by ischemia significantly (compared to that of ischemic untreated rats) but NMDA binding to brain synaptosomal membranes being increased by ischemic attack was significantly suppressed and reached the level characteristic of normal brain. The suggestion was made that carnosine possesses a dual effect on NMDA receptors resulting in increase in their amount after long-term treatment but decrease the capacity to bind NMDA after ischemic attack.

著者

Atsuhiko Murata Kohji Okamoto Toshihiko Mayumi Keiji Maramatsu Shinya Matsuda

出版者

Tohoku University Medical Press

雑誌

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.233, no.1, pp.9-15, 2014 (Released:2014-04-17)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

21 25

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Acute abdominal pain is one of the most frequent causes of admission to emergency departments. However, there is a shortage of detail information showing the difference of outcomes or etiology of acute abdominal pain according to age. We therefore conducted an epidemiological analysis to reveal the difference between age on outcomes and etiology of acute abdominal pain using an administrative database associated with the Diagnosis Procedure Combination (DPC) system. We obtained discharge data relating to 12,209 patients with acute abdominal pain from 931 DPC participation hospitals between 2009 and 2011 in Japan. We compared length of hospital stay (LOS), in-hospital mortality, and etiology of acute abdominal pain between age categories. Patients were divided into five age groups as follows: < 20 (n = 1,106), 20-39 (n = 3,353), 40-59 (n = 2,925), 60-79 (n = 3,144), and ≥ 80 years (n = 1,681). Longer LOS and higher in-hospital mortality were observed in patients aged ≥ 80 years (p < 0.001). Regarding etiologies of acute abdominal pain, intestinal infection or acute appendicitis were more frequent in patients aged < 20 or 20-39 years, while ileus or cholelithiasis were more frequent in patients aged 60-79 or ≥ 80 years in both male and female patients (p < 0.001). This study demonstrated the significant differences between age with regard to the patient outcomes and etiology of acute abdominal pain. The current findings highlight the importance of improving the quality of medical care for patients with acute abdominal pain.

著者

Yuko Takatsuji Aya Ishiguro Kei Asayama Takayoshi Ohkubo Katsuyuki Miura Aya Kadota Masahiko Yanagita Akira Fujiyoshi Hisatomi Arima Naoko Miyagawa Naoyuki Takashima Yoshikuni Kita Takehito Hayakawa Masahiro Kikuya Yasuyuki Nakamura Akira Okayama Tomonori Okamura Hirotsugu Ueshima NIPPON DATA90 Research Group

出版者

Tohoku University Medical Press

雑誌

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.252, no.3, pp.253-262, 2020 (Released:2020-11-07)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

2 4

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Exercise habits are known as a protective factor for a variety of diseases and thus recommended worldwide; however, few studies have examined long-term effects of exercise habits on mortality. We continuously monitored death status in a nationwide population sample of 7,709 eligible persons from the National Integrated Project for Prospective Observation of Noncommunicable Disease and its Trends in the Aged in 1990 (NIPPON DATA90), for which baseline data were obtained in 1990. To investigate the long-term impact of baseline exercise habits, we calculated the relative risk of non-exercisers (participants without regular voluntary exercise habits) in reference to exercisers (those with these habits) for all-cause or cause-specific mortality using a Cox proportional hazard model, in which the following confounding factors were appropriately adjusted: sex, age, body mass index, total energy intake, smoking, drinking, and history of cardiovascular disease. During a median 20 years of follow-up, 1,747 participants died, 99 of heart failure. The risk for all-cause mortality was 12% higher in non-exercisers than in exercisers (95% confidence interval, 1%-24%), which was also observed for mortality from heart failure, as 68% higher in non-exercisers than in exercises (95% confidence interval, 3%-173%). These associations were similarly observed when the participants were divided to subgroups by sex, age, and the light, moderate, or vigorous intensity of physical activity, without any significant heterogeneities (P > 0.1). The present study has revealed significant impact of exercise habits on long-term mortality risks, supporting worldwide recommendations for improvement of exercise habits.

著者

OTOTAKA HIGASHI YOKO KIKUCHI

出版者

Tohoku University Medical Press

雑誌

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.112, no.3, pp.271-278, 1974 (Released:2008-11-28)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

28 31

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The hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced platelet aggregation could be inhibited by vitamin E-nicotinate and less effectively by vitamin E-acetate. The adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-induced platelet aggregation could be slightly inhibited by vitamin E-nicotinate. The lipid peroxidation of platelet exposed to H2O2 could also be inhibited by vitamin E-nicotinate. The lipid peroxide formation associated with membrane disruption may be involved in the mechanism underlying the H2O2-induced platelet aggregation.

著者

Hyeon-Mi Park Nobukazu Nakasato Teiji Tominaga

出版者

Tohoku University Medical Press

雑誌

The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine (ISSN:00408727)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.226, no.3, pp.207-211, 2012 (Released:2012-02-21)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

17 22

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The insula, one of the five cerebral lobes of the brain, is located deep within the brain and lies mainly beneath the temporal lobe. Insular epilepsy can be easily confused and misdiagnosed as temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) because of the similar clinical symptoms and scalp electroencephalography (EEG) findings due to the insula location and neuronal connections with the temporal lobe. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) has higher sensitivity and spatial resolution than scalp EEG, and thus can often identify epileptic discharges not revealed by scalp EEG. Simultaneous scalp EEG and MEG were performed to detect and localize epileptic discharges in two patients known to have insular epilepsy associated with cavernous angioma in the insula. Epileptic discharges were detected as abnormal spikes in the EEG and MEG findings. In Patient 1, the sources of all MEG spikes detected simultaneously by EEG and MEG (E/M-spikes) were localized in the anterior temporal lobe, similar to TLE. In contrast, the sources of all MEG spikes detected only by MEG (M-spikes) were adjacent to the insular lesion. In Patient 2, the sources of all MEG spikes detected simultaneously by EEG and MEG (E/M-spikes) were localized in the anterior temporal lobe. These findings indicate that MEG allows us to detect insular activity that is undetectable by scalp EEG. In conclusion, simultaneous EEG and MEG are helpful for detecting spikes and obtaining additional information about the epileptic origin and propagation in patients with insular epilepsy.