著者

土田 邦彦

出版者

日本地理教育学会

雑誌

新地理 (ISSN:05598362)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.15-38, 1971-09-25 (Released:2010-02-26)

被引用文献数

1

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The writer shows in this paper the stages of development foundry industry of Sanjo: (1) The foundry dependent on handicraft of the farmer's side job. (2) Emergence of the foundry craftsman as a specialist. (3) The first stage of the foundry under the control of the wholesale merchants. (4) The second stage of the foundry under the control of the wholesale merchant. (5) The modernized and concentrated foundry.In the developing stage of the Shogunate Era the foundry craftsmen obtained their materials of products from the wholesale merchants and the deal of their products were under the control of the wholesale merchants. Afterwards the wholesale merchants gave craftsmen the fund to obtain materials. The production and dealing system changed gradually, but remarkable change came after the 2nd World War. The control of the wholesale merchants quickly disappeared since then, and modernized factories were built. Concentration of the factories was the new trend.In spite of modernization, the foundry industry of Sanjo are all the small scale one in both capital and factory even today. The kinds of products which are produced in the different factories are very various and each amount of products is not much. In addition the technical process still depends mainly upon handicraft, most of them are combined each other through various kinds of technical processes. It is one of the reasons why concentration are promoted.

著者

天井 勝海

出版者

The Geographic Education Society of Japan

雑誌

新地理 (ISSN:05598362)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.3, pp.21-30, 1967

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(1) 東京大都市圏における人口変動の型の構成は, 明瞭な同心円的圏構造として捉えることができ, H型-C型-H型と展開されている。<br>(2) C型地域の拡大は, 東京 (23区), 東京周辺の都市の郊外化人口の結果である。<br>(3) C型地域の拡大は, もとH型地域をくみいれたものであり, その前線はまさに大都市地域化の進行しつつある地域として位置づけることができる。<br>(4) C型地域の拡大に伴い, 都心部においては人口の空洞化現象がみられ, H型地域の副都心方向への拡大傾向にある。<br>(5) H型からC型へ, C型からH型への変移地帯にA型, B型の分布が認められ, H型, またはC型への移行する前段階と考えられる。<br>(6) 人口流動から得た都市圏度の値は核心都市との結び付きを示す尺度として有効であるが, C型地域のほとんどは都市圏度500以上の地域であり, 東京 (23区) との関係を維持しながら人口の郊外化を起し, 大都市圏の拡大を行っていることを示すものである。<br>(7) このようにして捉えられた東京大都市圏は, 東海道線方向→東北, 高崎線方向に拡大化が進み, 現在では東武伊勢崎線, 常磐線方向への拡大が顕著である。<br>地形的には台地の都市化→沖積低地の都市化の傾向がみられる。

著者

岡田 真

出版者

The Geographic Education Society of Japan

雑誌

新地理 (ISSN:05598362)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.3, pp.15-24, 1975

著者

伊藤 文夫

出版者

日本地理教育学会

雑誌

新地理 (ISSN:05598362)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.29-40, 1987-06-25 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

22

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The author intend to consider the characteristics of the local culture in Suwa area from the viewpoints of analyzing Minka (the residences of farmers), traditional events and vegetables in the cold highland.The results of this study are summarized as follows;(1) The climatic characteristics of Suwa area are severe coldness and strong wind in winter because it locates in the cold highland. For these reasons, there are many ideas such as Yukigaki (taxaceous tree fences for windbreak) and Nurume (a ditch for paddy rice fields to warm up irrigational water) to prevent its coldness everywhere in this area. On the other hand, there many localized industries such as producing Kanten (agar-agar) and Kori-tofu and -mochi (frozen and dried tofu and glutinous rice cake) which exploit severe coldness. These industries are developed in the settlements of the upland and of the eastern foot of the mountain slopes where the sun sets very early in the evening.(2) There are some more landscapes peculiar to cold climate like this Suwa area. The structures such as Tategurumi (the way of building Minka: the storehouse is built in the main building), Teppei-seki yane (tiles of the roofs are made of plates of (two-pyroxene-andesite) and Ohnoki-zukuri (the building with long eaves) are rational ways of building the Minka under the climate like Suwa area. Traditional vegetables such as Ueno-daikon (a kind of radish) and Suwa-benikabu (a kind of turnip) have been cropped for making pickles with cold resistance to cross over winter. Traditional festivals and events associated with Suwa-Shinko (the faith in the Suwa Shrine) penetrate into the people's life of this area.(3) It is recognized that are four types of settlements which preserve traditional cultures very well in this area. The first type of the settlements are located in the foot of high mountains; Sasahara and Kami-Tsukinoki, Chino City and Ueno, Suwa City. The second type are located far from the main road; Kami-Futta and Ohsawa, Chino City and Sendatsu, Fujimi Town. The third ones have common forest owned by Zaisan-ku or Buraku-ku (small terrestrial groups); Toyoda, Konan and Shiga, Suwa City, Higashi-Yamada, Shimo-Suwa Town, Oikawa and Misawa, Okaya City, Miyagawa and Tamagawa, Chino City and Okkoto, Fujimi Town. The fourth type of the settlements have the priginal hot spring; Kowata, Suwa City. Peoples in the settlements of last two types have strong solidarity of a rural community to take over their cultures because the groups have comonm properties.The Suwa Culture tends to flow into the Kami-Ina area, where belongs the same drainage of Suwa Lake and Tenryu River. Hewever, it is hard to flow into Yamanashi Prefecture.

著者

山口 幸男

出版者

日本地理教育学会

雑誌

新地理 (ISSN:05598362)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.3, pp.56-64, 2004-12-25 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

8

著者

西野 公晴

出版者

日本地理教育学会

雑誌

新地理 (ISSN:05598362)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.2, pp.51-67, 1983-09-25 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

2 1 1

著者

宮地 忠明

出版者

日本地理教育学会

雑誌

新地理 (ISSN:05598362)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.28-38, 1968-06-25 (Released:2010-02-26)

参考文献数

26

著者

清永 奈穂

出版者

日本地理教育学会

雑誌

新地理 (ISSN:05598362)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.3, pp.46-62, 2019 (Released:2020-09-20)

参考文献数

28

著者

田上 拓信 牛垣 雄矢

出版者

日本地理教育学会

雑誌

新地理 (ISSN:05598362)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.2, pp.22-33, 2018 (Released:2019-06-04)

参考文献数

11

著者

小谷 恵津子

出版者

日本地理教育学会

雑誌

新地理 (ISSN:05598362)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.2, pp.1-18, 2017 (Released:2019-06-04)

参考文献数

35

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How to nurture the ability of students to read and make use of maps has long been a challenge faced by Japan’s elementary and middle schools. To this end, it is necessary to stop thinking of map study as a “nurturing of skills” and deliberately include in map study lessons on “spatial axes” and “recognition of scale,” which are the methodological concepts that form the framework for reading maps. This study considers lesson plans and learning content for improving lessons on the concept of scale by focusing on the recognition of scale and develops a model for such lessons. Scale recognition is a methodological concept that encompasses both cartographic and methodological scales. Reading a map refers to perceiving a space based on the information indicated on the map. Therefore, the creation of map-reading lessons that instill the methodological concept in students requires one to think from the perspective of the formation of human perception. From the findings of cognition science, it is clear that human perception comes into being through the medium of the body. In mapreading lessons, by making the body work as a medium in the broadest sense and making use of not only direct experience but also simulated or virtual experience, experiences from one’s life , and indirect experience, the methodological concept of scale can be more effectively explained. Further, in perceiving spaces through maps, a view from the above is indispensable. Particularly, for students to recognize the scale of a map, it is necessary to move the perspective up and down along the vertical spatial axis. Therefore, in lessons on the concept of scale, both the location of one’s viewpoint and its movement are important factors. When teaching about scale, it is necessary to arrange the lessons so that they logically flow from “generalization” to “scale” to “measurement of distance,” and through the process of moving the students’viewpoint, they will become aware of the differences between and commonalities of the representations on maps. By doing this, along with instilling in the minds of children the two concepts of cartographic scale and methodological scale, which are the elements that comprise the recognition of scale, children can discover and understand the concept of scale by themselves. Further, by using multiple maps of differing scales in lessons and comparing the scale bars, it will be easy for children to understand the concept of scale even if they have not yet learned about similarities and ratios in mathematics.

著者

吉田 剛

出版者

日本地理教育学会

雑誌

新地理 (ISSN:05598362)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2, pp.13-32, 2011 (Released:2023-02-15)

参考文献数

56

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The purpose of this study was to construct a theoretical framework of geographical perspective and skills in social studies education with a focus on contents and skills, which are related to practical teaching theory. The main results are as follows: 1). By considering geographical perspective and skills in social studies education of the Japanese national standard (junior high school level) with the related previous domestic studies and U.S national standards, the fundamentals aspects of geographical perspective and skills in social studies education were clarified. 2). By clarifying and making a correlation between the geographical perspective and skills in social studies education, this study created a theoretical framework of geographical perspective and skills in social studies education with a focus on contents and skills. This framework has an A to D system from development of geogarphical knowledge and skills to development of (global, national, and local) citizenship. Additionally, in the case of “Around JR Sendai Station,” this study specifically described the manner of utilization and the points to keep in mind when designing geogarapy lessons in social stuidies education. 3). Finally, besed on the knowledge and issues found by this study, we examined geography lesson planning, connecting geographical perspective (i.e.; carrying out lesson management), and the essential significance of geographical perspective and skills in social studies education.

著者

市川 健夫 白坂 蕃

出版者

日本地理教育学会

雑誌

新地理 (ISSN:05598362)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.1-28, 1978-06-25 (Released:2010-02-26)

参考文献数

43

被引用文献数

2

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The writers analysed the industry, economy, land use, settlement and tourism in the area from the view point of the development process and the socioeconomic aspects in this paper. The results are as follows:I. The Norikura Plateau is located at the upper limit, in terms of altitude, for agriculture in Japan. The people can not keep up their living standards by only agriculture on this plateau, because the productivity of the land is very low. Therefore, prior to 1970, the people had to manage not only with the subsistance cultivation of cereals, but also with sericulture, charcoalmaking, dairy cattle breeding, the gathering of mountain products and hunting.After 1970, the tourist industry have provided the most jobs, but the people still manage with composite jobs.II. The settlements are divided into two types, i.e., permanent and seasonal (temporary settlement for cultivation), in the Norikura Plateau. Among those temporary settlements for cultivation, Bandoko (1, 300m above sea-level) has already become a permanent settlement in the 1890's. Now Bandoko is the core settlement in the Norikura Plateau. Kanayamadaira (1, 500m) was a temporary settlement for cultivation until the first half of the 1940's.Kanayamadaira has been changed into a permanent settlement by the development of the tourist industry, as a skiing ground in winter as well as a summer resort.Shirahone Spa has developed into a permanent settlement after World War II. The other temporary settlements for cultivation has since disappeared.III. The process of the settlement and socio-economic development in the Norikura Plateau are shown in the table in the next page.(i) Since 1927, the Norikura Plateau has been used as the mountain's skiing ground in winter. The skiers came mostly from Tokyo. (ii) After World War II, the Norikura Plateau has developed also as a summer resort and as a skiing ground for the local people principally. (iii) During the first half of the 1960's, many village houses became “Minshuku” (“Minshuku” are cheap lodging houses in tourist resorts, and most of them are usually operated by farmers and fisherfolk for additional income.). In the Norikura Plateau, there were 33 hotels and 66 Minshukus in 1975.However, the Norikura skiing ground is a local one, because the skiing ground is relatively small, and the traffic condition is no good. The poor traffic condition has, in the main, restricted the development of the tourist resort in the Norikura Plateau.

著者

市川 貞夫

出版者

日本地理教育学会

雑誌

新地理 (ISSN:05598362)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.1, pp.1-17, 1981-06-25 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

24

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The writer analyzes in this paper the “pension” management which began in Japan in the first half of the 1970s, taking the case of Minenohara Plateau, Nagano Prefecture. As the result, the writer shows several facts as follows:1) The “pension” in Japan means a small lodging cottage with both the simplicity of Minshuku (Minshuku is a cheap lodging houses in tourist resorts, and most of them are usually operated by farmers or fishers as a side work) and the modern form of hotel. Small party travellers or families use the pension in their vacation trips in mountain area. In 1980, there were 652 pensions in Japan, out of which 357 (55% of all) were located in Nagano Prefecture. The pensions generally depend on family-employees. They operate their business for half a year or more.2) Minenohara Plateau is located in Jyoshin-etsu Kogen National Park, Central Japan, and now this plateau is one of the typical “pension” regions in Japan. This plateau had remained as non-residential woodland by 1971, when the area began to develop for pensions. The area was developed under guidance of the prefecture authorities with the local settlements in partnership.3) In this plateau, the most of managers of pension came from Tokyo Metropolitan regions, and their former occupations were in varieties. It was necessary for them to raise the capital of 55 milion yen in the case of the accomodations for 40 people when they opened a pension. They depend on bank-loan for their opening of pension, which occupied two-thirds of their necessary capital. Consequently, their business has been in needy circumstances, in general.

著者

内藤 亮

出版者

日本地理教育学会

雑誌

新地理 (ISSN:05598362)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.3, pp.51-68, 2017 (Released:2019-06-21)

参考文献数

21

著者

内藤 亮

出版者

日本地理教育学会

雑誌

新地理 (ISSN:05598362)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.3, pp.17-35, 2021 (Released:2022-04-17)

参考文献数

12

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“Machizemi” is an event that uses the extensive professional knowledge of clerks. It enhances the promotion of purchase and appeal of shops on shopping streets. This event is characterized by free seminars which are held by clerks for customers on their professional knowledge and product technology. Small shops can conduct this event, because seminars can be held at the clerks’ shops and the costs of creating flyers and advertisement are low. Further, Machizemi can be carried out without relying on subsidies from local governments, and the participation in Machizemi is left to clerks’ motivation. Therefore, it has the potential to revitalize shopping streets. The existing research on Machizemi focuses on activities in individual areas. No research on the features and issues of Machizemi on nationwide exists. First, this article grasps the nationwide trends and reality of Machizemi as a revitalization event for shopping streets in local cities. Second, it analyzes regional differences and features. Finally, it reveals the issues and possibilities of Machizemi. Questionnaire survey results indicate that many areas are using subsidies, and any areas cannot continue Machizemi. To enhance its effect and success, responsible organizations must consider the deviation of categories of participating shops. Responsible organizations must ask clerks belonging to the categories which have shown no participation, as well as print flyers that raise the appeal of newly participating shops. To inform residents about Machizemi, it is important to place flyers in newspapers, as well as to post flyers to houses directly. Through cooperation with schools, students and parents are enabled to become new customers. Responsible organizations fully understand the features of Machizemi, and leaders exist in the areas benefiting from its positive effects. Although there are no issues with cost, the lack of motivation of clerks and existing leaders cannot sustain Machizemi. Its management should be properly inherited by associations of Machizemi or executive committees from local chambers of commerce and industry. The issue is that motivated clerks manage Machizemi to be self-sustaining. Without properly overtaking the management of Machizemi, sometimes its effect is inferior to that of the management by the local chambers of commerce and industry. Although Machizemi is independent from the local chambers of commerce and industry regarding the costs, it is necessary to train leaders and enhance clerks’ motivation. From the perspective of the revitalization of shopping streets, fewer areas have increased sales, new customers, and regular customers. Conversely, Machizemi contributes to the recognition of shops in many areas. Responsible organizations must consider ideas for improving future sales. Every area should understand the original features of Machizemi. The effect of Machizemi varies based on the level of clerks’ motivation. Using the original features of Machizemi contributes to the practice and future revitalization of shopping streets.

著者

佐藤 甚次郎

出版者

日本地理教育学会

雑誌

新地理 (ISSN:05598362)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.4, pp.1-16, 1983-03-25 (Released:2010-04-30)

著者

木谷 正夫

出版者

日本地理教育学会

雑誌

新地理 (ISSN:05598362)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.3, pp.1-12, 1970-12-25 (Released:2010-02-26)

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For as long as half a century up to 1926, there existed 537 county offices in all Japanese prefectures excluding Hokkaido. Each of these was the peripheral organization of the bureaucratic centralized authoritarian local government system, which under the district system law in the Meiji and Taisho era made the national administrative influence permeate into the remotest corner of the country. The district office was not so large an organization but the town in which it was located, in any case, was the centre of its county. Naturally various official and non-official offices were established in its neighbourhood.The seat of district office was not always the same as the most prosperous town in the district, nor was it in the middle of the county. In most cases, many hostorical factors and the will of prefectural government had to do with the decision of the county office site.After the end of the official district system, the ground on which former district offices stood were generally taken over by some local agencies of the prefecture, city or town halls, etc. Some are absorbed in prosperous quarters of the town, but few have been reduced to ruins, and left unutilized.Broadly speaking, the regional pattern of the district system era in Japan has not undergone great change except in the so-called the Tokaido-Pacific Belt, especially the Tokyo and Osaka area.By forming the network which links the places where former district centers were located over the whole country we can with comparative ease revive the Japanesse politicogeographical structure in the first quarter of the present century and compare it with that of today.An investigation into the former sites of county offices will provide us with a correct standpoint from which we may make an observation of the Japanese geographical pattern half a century or so ago.

著者

矢崎 真澄

出版者

日本地理教育学会

雑誌

新地理 (ISSN:05598362)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.2, pp.27-42, 2002-09-25 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

2

著者

味沢 成吉

出版者

日本地理教育学会

雑誌

新地理 (ISSN:05598362)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, pp.27-58, 1970-09-25 (Released:2010-02-26)

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Sanagijima Island belongs to Tadotsu-cho, Kagawa-ken (Kagawa-prefecture). It is on the Inland Sea of Seto, about 13km north of Tadotsu port. The area of the island is 2.20km2. It had about 70ha of a cultivated area in 1916, but the are decreased to about 39ha in 1969. The population of the island was 1493 in 1935, and 595 of them were farmers and 500 of the rest were fishermen. It was an island of agriculture and fishery. Men were occupied in fishing and women, in farming. It had been their custom that men never worked on the field.About 1935, pyrethrums, sweet potatos, rye, broad beans, radishes, wheat, German millet, soybeans and lilies were cultivated in the island. Pyrethrums, sweet potatos and lilies were shipped out of the island.After world war II, the island kept on losing population, especially young men in the prime of life got off of the island one after another. As a result, it has become an island of old people. In 1965, the population decreased to 744, and especiallsy, the decrease of fishermen was remarkable. And not it can't be said that it is an island of agriculture and fishery.As for agriculture, because of famers getting older, crop production was low-ered, an so cultivation for goods has changed into that for self-support. Especially vegetable culture has been increased. These vegetables are sent to their children or grand children who have their home in the city. And their children or grandchildren working in the city will come back to the island for summering. In this way, there is a close relation between parents on the island and their children in the city, and a naw atomosphere of the city is brought into the island.Fishermen have also gotten older, but they are economically richer than farmers because their fish are sold at a high price. Thus fishery helps economically agriculture that has become like a household vegitable garden.As both farmers and fishermen got older, their custom has been broken gradually, that is, a husband helps his wife with her farming and a wife helps her husband with his fishing.In this way, the custom or the life in the island is changing, influenced by the inside and the outside situation.

著者

寺本 潔

出版者

日本地理教育学会

雑誌

新地理 (ISSN:05598362)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.2, pp.25-35, 1981-09-25 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

42