著者

平岡 敏夫

出版者

東海大学

雑誌

東海大学紀要. 文学部 (ISSN:05636760)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, pp.29-39, 1967

著者

吉田 欣吾

出版者

東海大学文学部

雑誌

東海大学紀要. 文学部 = The bulletin of the School of Letters (ISSN:05636760)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.106, pp.47-67, 2016

著者

吉田 欣吾

出版者

東海大学

雑誌

東海大学紀要. 文学部 (ISSN:05636760)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, pp.67-86, 2001

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Language rights can be protected in two levels, namely, under national and international law. This paper deals with linguistic minorities and language legislation in Finland, which has language legislation providing relatively high level of support for minority languages. Finland has two national languages, Finnish and Swedish. Swedish is at the same time a minority language in Finland. In addition to Swedish, Finland has Saami, Romany and Finnish sign language as its minority languages. We should also make a distinction between Swedish speakers of the Åland islands and mainland Swedish-speaking population. The province of Åland has a extremely high level of autonomy, and the only official language there is Swedish. So Finland has five minority groups, Swedish speakers of Åland, mainland Swedish-speaking population, the Saami people, the Roma and the users of Finnish sign language. We can divide language legislation concerning linguistic minorities into three groups, on the basis of principles of territoriality and personality. Language legislation for Swedish speakers of Åland and the Saami people is based on the territorial principle, while that for the Roma and the users of sign language has to be based on the personality principle. Language legislation for mainland Swedish-speaking population is based principally on the principle of personality, but has some features of the principle of territoriality at the same time. The most important one of those features is linguistic classification of each commune. Communes are to be bilingual if the Swedish-speaking or Finnish-speaking minority reaches or exceeds 8 per cent or 3,000 persons of the population. Otherwise communes are to be unilingual. There are only 21 Swedish unilingual and 43 bilingual communes of all 453 communes in Finland. Language rights based on the principle of territoriality are generally supposed to reach a higher level than those based on the principle of personality. This assumption holds good also in the case of Finland except the case for mainland Swedish-speaking population. They are granted extremely high linguistic rights, though language policy for them is based principally on the principle of personality.

著者

土谷 直人 石川 達夫

出版者

東海大学

雑誌

東海大学紀要. 文学部 (ISSN:05636760)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, pp.1-12, 1992

著者

村瀬 敏夫

出版者

東海大学

雑誌

東海大学紀要. 文学部 (ISSN:05636760)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, pp.11-18, 1977

著者

飯塚 浩一

出版者

東海大学

雑誌

東海大学紀要. 文学部 (ISSN:05636760)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, pp.31-43, 1999

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The broadcast media have generally been regarded to have the great influence on the enormous audience. Accordingly politicians would like to regulate them and create the political climate convenient for themselves. As a matter of fact you could find a lot of examples of political pressure on the broadcast media when you would examine the history of broadcasting. The typical one is the censorship, but politicians have found the indirect way of control of journalistic activity of broadcast media. The structure of the British broadcasting has consisted of both the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC) which has been financed by the licence fee, and the Independent Television which has been constituted by the various companies financed by the advertising. Politicians have often applied pressure on the BBC by taking some programmes off the air, criticising the BBC in the parliament speech, appointing governors who is critical of what the BBC does and so on. I think that the ways of control over the BBC have been developed mainly during the Thatcher era. In this essay I would like to consider the arrangement of the government control over the BBC, the transformation of the way of control under the Thatcher government and its effect on the management of the BBC in 1990s.

著者

三佐川 亮宏

出版者

東海大学

雑誌

東海大学紀要. 文学部 (ISSN:05636760)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, pp.1-28, 2001

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H.Grundmann hat in seinen Uberblick uber "Volksgeschichte (Origo gentis)" festgestellt : "Deutschland aber bekam im Mittelalter keine Darstellung seiner Volksgeschichte, als fehlte ihm der Blick auf eine gemeinsame Vergangenheit. Jeder Stamm hatte, nur teilweise aufgezeichnet, seine eigenen Erinnerungen, die noch nicht zu einer gemeinsamen Tradition verschmolzen waren, als die Stammesverbande sich auflosten...". Gab es im Mittelalter wirklich keine Origo gentis Teutonicorum? Es ist H.Thomas zu verdanken, daβer uns auf eine merkwurdige Geschichtserzahlung uber "Julius Caesar und die Deutschen" im mhdt. gedichteten Annolied, das um 1077/81 vermutlich in Koln bzw. Siegburg entstand, aufmerksam gemacht hat. In dem Strophen 19-28 berichtet der unbekannte Dichter zuerst uber Caesars Kampf gegen die vier Volker der Schwaben, der Bayern, der Sachsen und der Franken, und die Unterwerfung dieser Volker eines nach dem anderen durch ihn. Dabei wird jeweils die Origo des betreffenden Volkes im Sinne der Herkunftssage erzahlt, und es folgt weiter : weil Caesar in Rom nicht in der gebuhrenden Weise empfangen wurde, kehrt er zu den deutschen Landern zuruck, gewinnt als Bundesgenossen die vorher Besiegten. Mit ihnen vertreibt er Cato, Pompeius und den Senat in einer gewaltigen Schlacht und gewinnt damit alle Reiche. Seitdem waren die deutschen Mannen (diutschi man) in Rom geliebt und geschatzt... Nach dieser Geschichte oder genauer "Geschichtsklitterung" sind die Deutschen nicht wie ihre vier Volker (gentes) eine Abstammungsgemeinschaft, sondern erst durch die Unterwerfung durch Caesar und durch ihrem Bund mit ihm zu einer neuen, einheitlichen Gemeinschaft zusammengefugt worden. Das Romische Reich verdankt seinerseits seine Grundung als Monarchie, als Alleinherrschaft der Hilfe der Deutschen : Origo gentis Teutonicorum et Romani Imperii. Im zweiten Teil dieses Aufsatzes geht es hauptsachlich darum, Komplexitat des Identitatsproblems der Deutschen im romisch-imperial bzw. christlich-universal gepragten Mittelalter vor allem auf Grund von historiographischen Werken nachzudenken. Daneben wird aber auch die Zeitgebundenheit des neuzeitlichen Volks-und Stammesbegriffs erneut gepruft.

著者

石井 忠厚

出版者

東海大学

雑誌

東海大学紀要. 文学部 (ISSN:05636760)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, pp.29-56, 1991

著者

五十嵐 沙千子

出版者

東海大学

雑誌

東海大学紀要. 文学部 (ISSN:05636760)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, pp.108-91, 2005-09-30

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In den heutigen Gesellschaftstheorien (wie Liberalism oder Communitarianism) ist die Problematik der Offentlichkeit schon als Selbstverstandliches impliziert. Es bleibt aber m. E. heute noch erforderlich zu uberlegen, mit welchen Kriterien die Gultigkeit des offentlichen Raums beurteilt werden soll. Die Frage von Jurgen Habermas, wie die reale Gesellschaft fur alle Mitglieder gerechtfertigt werden kann, ist immer noch wichtig. Im folgenden wird eine Untersuchung zur Thematik der Offentlichkeit in der heutigen Informationsgesellschaft mit Hilfe der grundlegenden Arbeit von Jurgen Habermas erarbeitet.

著者

岩本 裕

出版者

東海大学

雑誌

東海大学紀要. 文学部 (ISSN:05636760)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, pp.47-53, 1959

著者

尚樹 啓太郎

出版者

東海大学

雑誌

東海大学紀要. 文学部 (ISSN:05636760)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, pp.69-81, 1961

著者

松本 富士男

出版者

東海大学文学部

雑誌

東海大学紀要 文学部 (ISSN:05636760)

巻号頁・発行日

no.37, pp.p11-27, 1982

著者

篠崎 三男

出版者

東海大学

雑誌

東海大学紀要. 文学部 (ISSN:05636760)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, pp.47-69, 2007

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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the political and military activities of Athens in the Black Sea region (Pontus) in the second half of the fifth century B.C. Pericles' Pontic expedition ca. 437 B.C. marked an epoch in the relations between Athens and Greek communities of the region (Plut. Per. 20. 1-2). Demonstrating the unchallenged Athenian sea power, this enterprise brought the whole area of the Black Sea under the Athenian control. Afterward a considerable number of Pontic poleis joined the Athenian maritime league. These newly acquired allies were assessed for payment of tribute in 425/4 B.C. (IG I^3 71, IV, 11. 126-172). We can conclude that through the 430s and 420s B.C. Athens tried seriously to establish the hegemony over the Black Sea region.

著者

玉井 治

出版者

東海大学

雑誌

東海大学紀要. 文学部 (ISSN:05636760)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, pp.9-16, 1972

著者

イザンベール・斉藤 真美

出版者

東海大学出版会

雑誌

東海大学紀要 文学部 (ISSN:05636760)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, pp.98-88, 2001

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This series is aimed at analyzing revolutions and rebellions in the light of the world-system perspective. This article treats so-called revolutionary reign of terror. Violences and genocides after the capture of the state power by revolutionary force. This paper reports that there are many casualties before and after the revolution. And revolutions which occurred in this century did not compensate the victims because they could not realize 'a real democracy'. Then what were the meaning of these victims, how should we consider the 20th century's revolutions?

著者

定方 晟

出版者

東海大学文学部

雑誌

東海大学紀要. 文学部 (ISSN:05636760)

巻号頁・発行日

no.78, pp.106-130, 2003-03-31

著者

山本 文雄

出版者

東海大学文学部

雑誌

東海大学紀要 文学部 (ISSN:05636760)

巻号頁・発行日

no.24, pp.p126-118, 1975

著者

今橋 理子

出版者

東海大学文学部

雑誌

東海大学紀要 文学部 (ISSN:05636760)

巻号頁・発行日

no.64, pp.25-46,図10p, 1995

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Sakura paintings-paintings whose exclusive theme is cherry blossoms (sakura)-were first created in Kyoto by the Edo-period painter Mikuma Shiko (1730-94) and continued to be painted by Shiko's sister Roko (d.1801), his disciple Hirose Kain (dates unknown), and the female painter Oda Shitsushitsu(1789-1831), Roko's disciple. These works, which were already known by the term "sakura painting" at this early time, appear at first glance to be highly realistic, but also have a clean, well-rounded, lyrical quality. They seem to have been very well received by many people of the period. Unfortunately, however, Kain and Shitsushitsu left no disciples, so the brief genealogy of sakura paintings came to an end with the death of Shitsushitsu. Probably because this school of painting was so short-lived, no trace of any research on it exists, nor has a collection of the paintings been assembled. Indeed, the school itself has not been given a name. I would like to call the sakura-painting artists, from Mikuma Shiko to Oda Shitsushitsu, the Mikuma School. In my essay I will open with an analysis of the works of Mikuma Shiko and will consider how it came about that he began painting the unique type of flower-and-bird picture known as sakura paintings.The essay will also look at the reasons why, in the light of contemporary trends in natural history and Japanese classical studies, the Mikuma School painted cherry blossoms-this very traditional Japanese motif-to the exclusion of all other subject matter.Finally, the essay will consider chronologically the works of Oda Shitsushitsu, whose works are the most refined among those of the Mikuma school, and discuss the historical position of these works within the school.

著者

中島 純一

出版者

東海大学出版会

雑誌

東海大学紀要 文学部 (ISSN:05636760)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, pp.84-69, 2000

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In sociological studies, fashion phenomena are classified into the head of collective behavior in the wide sense of the word. This paper examines how the contagion and the imitation theories, which form the backbone of modern fashion studies, find their places in the field of collective behavior studies. This paper also demonstrates how the genealogy of fashion theories has been formed, by focusing on the three leading scholars in this field : Gustave Le Bon, Gabriel Tarde and George Simmel. Le Bon, the father of the notion of "crowd psychology, " applied the medical notion of "contagion" to sociological studies. His theories of "the masses " and "contagion" have long been authoritative in the succeeding researches in fashion. Tarde brought forward the notion of "the public" and the theory of "imitation." His imitation theory differs from Le Bon's in his assumption that "the imitation principle" continues to alter societies. In the center of his fashion studies lies another theory of "the trickle down effect, " which is still widely quoted in the researches concerned. Simmel developed the theories of Le Bon and Tarde into his "ambivalent structure in psychology" theory, the characteristic of which is the reciprocal elements of conformity and nonconformity.

著者

松本 富士男 谷田部 奈生

出版者

東海大学文学部

雑誌

東海大学紀要. 文学部 (ISSN:05636760)

巻号頁・発行日

no.72, pp.128-140, 2000-02-28