著者

渡辺 匠 唐沢 かおり

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, pp.35-40, 2011 (Released:2011-06-30)

参考文献数

24

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The current report examined the relationship between implicit self-evaluation and ingroup evaluation. Although previous research has indicated that explicit self-evaluation predicts ingroup evaluation on each trait dimension, there has been much less emphasis on how implicit self-evaluation and ingroup evaluation are mutually interrelated. On the basis of the theories which emphasize the role of the individual self in ingroup evaluation (e.g., Cadinu & Rothbart, 1996), we predicted that implicit evaluation of the self would become a better predictor for implicit ingroup evaluation. Forty undergraduates participated in the study. We used the typical minimal group procedure (Tajfel et al., 1971), and all participants were randomly assigned to artificial laboratory groups. Implicit self-evaluation and ingroup evaluation were measured with Implicit Association Test (IAT; Greenwald et al., 1998). The analyses revealed that the self and ingroup were more associated with positive traits than negative traits, indicating that the self and ingroup were both positively biased. These results are in line with the findings of previous literature, but there was no significant correlation between overall implicit self-evaluation and ingroup evaluation. Thus, the overall pattern of results in the present study was inconsistent with our prediction, but, nonetheless, implicit self-evaluation significantly predicted implicit ingroup evaluation on some Big Five trait dimensions. Namely, implicit self-evaluation was positively correlated with implicit ingroup evaluation on extroversion and openness dimensions. In contrast, they were not significantly correlated with each other on neuroticism, conscientiousness, and agreeableness dimensions. The discussion argued that these differences may be partly due to the significance of participant's evaluation of each trait dimension.

著者

時政 勗

出版者

広島修道大学

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13474324)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.1-10, 2010-02-28

著者

堀田 千絵 伊藤 恵美 岩原 昭彦 永原 直子 八田 武俊 八田 純子 八田 武志

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.2, pp.143-149, 2009 (Released:2010-01-14)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1 3

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We examined the relationship between the feeling of well-being and the duration judgments by remembering of a negative (earthquake) and non negative (social) memories for 40s, 50s, 60s, 70s, and 80s elderly groups. They were asked to produce the subjective time for each event and fill out the questionnaire of feeling of well-being. The results showed that female participants in 70s, 80s elderly groups decreased the subjective time of the negative event. Moreover, as feeling of well-being declined, the subjective time of the negative event were also decreased. The results suggest that less subjective time of the negative events may lead to less forgetting of them and associate with the present negative activities and imagining negative future happenings.

著者

伊藤 健彦 唐沢 かおり

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.2, pp.125-131, 2013 (Released:2013-12-25)

参考文献数

42

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The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between causal attribution toward unemployed people and motivation to reduce employment disparity in Japan. In Japan, it is argued that social inequality leads to employment disparity. The inequality composes of sex, age, educational background and family background. The perception that people fail to get jobs due to the inequality possibly leads to motivation to reduce employment disparity. Causal attribution of a negative situation is an important factor to predict human attitude toward the situation. Therefore, in this present study, causal attributions toward unemployed people as predicting factors for motivation to reduce employment disparity were focused on. As causal attributions, inequality attribution (social inequalities such as sex), individual attribution (individual characteristic such as negligence) and fate attribution (individual fate such as misfortune) are proposed. In the present study, questionnaire packets from university students were distributed and collected. Participants answered items referring to causal attribution toward unemployed people and motivation to reduce employment disparity. As a result of the survey, there was a positive correlation between the inequality attribution and the motivation, a negative correlation between the individual attribution and the motivation, and no correlation between the fate attribution and the motivation. Hypotheses were confirmed and the results were consistent with previous studies of causal attributions. It was shown that the strength of individual attribution was the highest among the attributions, and the next was inequality attribution and the last was fate attribution. The participants possibly thought that Japanese government dealt with social inequality and unemployed people did not get jobs due to their own remissness compared to the inequality. This study discussed the motivation to reduce employment disparity in Japan from the perspective of causal attribution, and how to engage in employment disparity.

雑誌

人間環境学研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.1, 2006-09-29

著者

三浦 浩之 ミウラ ヒロユキ Hiroyuki Miura

雑誌

人間環境学研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.251-263, 2012-02-29

著者

宇野 伸浩

出版者

広島修道大学

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13474324)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.79-86, 2010-02-28

著者

羽鳥 剛史 中野 剛志 藤井 聡

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.2, pp.163-168, 2010-12

著者

宮坂 和男

出版者

広島修道大学

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13474324)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.31-47, 2010-02-28

著者

戸田山 和久

出版者

Society for Human Environmental Studies

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.5-10, 2003

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Philosophical naturalism is made up of two basic claims as follows. (1) Ontological claim (physicalism); Only 'physical entities and phenomena' and what supervene upon them really exist. (2) Epistemological claim; There is no 'first philosophy', that is, every method of investigation including philosophy itself must consist of the methods which are regarded as legitimate in empirical sciences. One consequence of the latter claim is called 'naturalization of philosophy of science' which has grown to be a powerful alternative to the traditional philosophy of science such as logical positivism or Bayesianism. The main concern of this paper resides in the question whether a philosophical naturalist could believe in these two claims at the same time. For, if naturalized philosophy of science found, in empirical data from the real history of science, the fact that the ultimate aim of scientific investigation is not to reach the literally true description of the world but to attain some other epistemic values (e.g. to control the nature or to make better predictions), it might undermine the realistic reading of the ontological claim of philosophical naturalism. This possibility is overlooked by virtually all the naturalists, but might pose a serious difficulty on their philosophic research program. In the last section of this paper, I tired to propose a way-out from this predicament for a philosophical naturalist like myself. The proposal consists of these two measures. (1) to adopt a Hackingean operationist criterion concerning what exists and what not, (2) to reinterpret scientific theories not as sets of theoreteical sentences but as semantic models.