著者

藤井 聡 矢嶋 宏光 羽鳥 剛史 岩佐 賢治

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.2, pp.2_27-2_44, 2008 (Released:2009-06-03)

参考文献数

36

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We discussed that public involvement (PI) can be regarded as strengthening direct-democratic nature in current administrative processes under parliamentary democracy and discussed the merits and demerits of PI while referring to classics in political philosophy which trace back to the era of Socrates and Plato. It was discussed that PI could contribute to education of the public and improvement in the rationality of administration by absorbing various knowledge and wisdom from the public, while it always accompanies the risks of reducing the quality of administration and leading "ochlocracy" or "the tyranny of the majority." Then, we suggested three principles of PI; (1) principle of the secure of administrative rights, (2) principle of involvement the public but avoidance of the mass, (3) principle of promoting public spirits and restraining vulgarity. Finally, based on the principles, we proposed the definition of PI anew.

著者

築地 典絵 藤原 靖浩 折口 量祐

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.141-147, 2021 (Released:2021-12-29)

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Fostering self-affirmative must take place throughout school education activities, not just in specific areas of education activities. The aim of this study was to develop a cross-disciplinary training program for self-affirmative by approaching self-affirmative from the three areas of educational counseling, extracurricular activities, and moral education. Self-affirmative must be fostered throughout educational activities. Therefore, it makes sense to approach self-affirmative from these three areas. In this paper, as a preliminary step to the development of such a program, we developed a scale for measuring self-affirmative, especially the selection of question items. As a result, a total of 31 items, “self-affirmative,” “stable self/self-confidence,” and “self-determination/career,” were suggested.

著者

川杉 桂太 竹村 和久 岩滿 優美 西澤 さくら 塚本 康之 延藤 麻子 小平 明子 轟 純一 轟 慶子

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1, pp.63-71, 2020 (Released:2020-06-30)

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In this study, the fuzzy inference technique was applied for preprocessing the clinical drawings of schizophrenic patients. The interpretation procedure for the clinical drawings was divided into two phases, namely preprocessing and interpretation phases. In the preprocessing phase, two analyses were conducted by employing the fuzzy inference technique and three analyses were conducted by applying Fourier transform, wavelet transform, and singular value decomposition on three images of the tree test. In the interpretation phase, the drawings and output images were psychologically interpreted. The contrast of each image was also examined for determining the feature associated with the corresponding output image of the fuzzy inference technique. Based on the compared interpretations and contrasts, it can be concluded that image analysis incorporating the fuzzy inference technique is superior as a preprocessing method employed before interpreting whole image. Further research is required for examining the relation between the empirical findings regarding schizophrenic patients and the parameter of the fuzzy inference technique.

著者

羽鳥 剛史 渡邉 望 藤井 聡 竹村 和久

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.2, pp.99-107, 2012 (Released:2013-01-11)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

2

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This study examined the relationship between Hegel's concept of "alienation" from a community and Ortega's concept of the "masses" in order to explore the empirical implication of the former concept in our society. According to philosophical discussion, it is supposed that Hegel's concept of "alienation" has a positive relationship with Ortega's concept of "Masses." This hypothesis was tested in the survey with a questionnaire (n = 400), by examining the relationship between the alienation scale and the vulgarity scale which were developed based on Hegel's theory of alienation and Ortega's theory of the masses, respectively. The obtained data showed that the sense of alienation from four communities (family, region, organization, and state) was positively related with the autistic factor which constituted the vulgarity scale. The result implied that the two concepts are associated with each other. It also provided the evidence of validity of the alienation scale. Finally, implications of the present result were discussed.

著者

田中 里奈 竹橋 洋毅

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.2, pp.139-146, 2019 (Released:2020-01-10)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1

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Although it is important to prepare for earthquakes to live in Japan where earthquakes happen more frequently than any other countries, many Japanese do not prepare against earthquakes in everyday life. Previous studies have revealed that the main effects of cognitive factors that determinate the precautionary behavior toward earthquake; the perceived severity of a threatening event, the perceived probability of the occurrence, the efficacy of the preventive behavior, the perceived self-efficacy, and perceived cost to response. However there are no studies that examine the mediating factors of them. Guided by theories of motivation (e.g., Higgins, 1997), we show that the responsibility drives the effects of cognitive factors to precautionary behavior toward earthquakes as a mediating factor. We test this hypothesis in 2 questionnaire-based surveys. In study 1, a questionnaire-based survey to residents (N = 101) living around Kansai area was administered, and in study 2 we confirmed the duplicability of results of study 1 by a secondary analysis of national census (N = 1,839), randomly sampled from a wide range of age group of population cost. Though the perceived cost had impact on precautious behavior negatively, the perceived responsibility mediated the negative effect of the perceived. Discussion considers a possibility that a perceived responsibility mediates effects of cognitive factors on prepared behavior toward earthquakes.

著者

宇野 伸浩 ウノ ノブヒロ Nobuhiro Uno

雑誌

人間環境学研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.1, pp.95-113, 2006-09-29

著者

宇野 伸浩

出版者

広島修道大学

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13474324)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.1, pp.95-113, 2006-09

著者

金 貞花 シュマッカー ヤンディャク 藤井 聡

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.2, pp.71-77, 2012

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スペインの哲学者オルテガ(1883~1955)の著書「大衆の反逆」(1930)に基づいて、社会ジレンマの問題は「傲慢性」の因子という心理的傾向性に影響がある可能性が指摘されている。本研究では、交通需要マネジメント施策の賛同と共感意識形成問題を社会的ジレンマ中の一つと見なし、『傲慢性』が「交通施策に対する賛同と共感意識形成」と負の関係があるという仮説に基づき進める。さらに、政府に対する信頼、環境問題に対する認知、公共交通や自転車、徒歩などの環境にやさしい交通手段に対する意識といった心理的要因も施策への賛同と共感意識の形成に影響する要素と考えている。本研究では、まず、アンケート調査を通じて上に述べた心理的要因に関するデータを収集してTDM施策に、主に環境税に対する受容可能性に対し影響を及ぼすという仮説を設定し、検証する。

著者

塚本 早織 バレリー ゴンザレス 唐沢 穣

出版者

Society for Human Environmental Studies

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.1, pp.25-31, 2010

被引用文献数

1

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カナダでは、様々な人種的、文化的背景を持つ人々が共生しているにもかかわらず、「白人」以外の人々は「カナダ人」として知覚されにくい現象がみられ、差別や偏見の対象となる。本研究の目的は、人が持ちえる最も基本的な要素である「人種」「出身地」「居住地」が自身や他者を「カナダ人」であると判断する際に与える影響を検証することであった。108名のカナダ人大学生に、国民アイデンティティに関する質問紙に回答してもらった。まず、他者をカナダ人であると判断する際に「白人」要素の有無が基準になるという仮説を基に、外国生まれの白人と、カナダ生まれの非白人の、「私はカナダ人である」との主張に対する同意の程度を5件法で評定させた。その結果、参加者の「カナダ人」像に一致したのは、カナダ生まれの非白人であった。次に、同じ対象に関する「他の多くのカナダ人」の推測評定を求めたところ、非白人参加者の回答に、「白人」対象をよりカナダ人であると推測する傾向が見られた。また、参加者に自身の国民アイデンティティを規定する際に重要だと考える要素を順序付けさせた。その結果、非白人参加者は白人参加者に比べ、「人種」要素が自身の国民アイデンティティを定義する際に不可欠だと考える傾向が明らかになった。人種や民族性を理由とする差別や偏見の経験が、認知に影響を与えるという先行研究の知見と同様に、本研究においても参加者の人種によって自身や他者の国民アイデンティティ認知が異なることが明らかになった。

著者

藤井 聡 柴山 桂太 中野 剛志

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.2, pp.85-90, 2012

被引用文献数

1

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In this paper, a theoretical hypothesis that public works would have deterrence effects of deflation under the situation that deflation-gap exists was tested empirically. For testing this hypothesis empirically, we used macro-economics data in Japan since 1991 when the huge deflation-gap was brought by the collapse of the babble economy. As a result, we found that 1,000 billions yen's public works increases the GDP deflator by 0.2-0.8 % and increases nominal GDP by about 2,430 billions yen - 4,550 billions yen. This results support the hypothesis that public works would have deterrence effects of deflation under the situation that deflation-gap exists. It was also found that the deflation deterrence effects by the public works was larger than that by the in-crease export.

著者

阪口 公彬 川北 貴士 鈴木 千賀

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.2, pp.93-96, 2018 (Released:2018-12-21)

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本研究では、ベック津田β法、汚濁指数法を用いて、長野県飯田市阿智村に流れる阿智川・周辺の水辺を拠点とし、計測方法・考察を例に、地域マネジメントに寄与するべく水質調査の学習例案を提案したものである。実験は、阿智川その他3地点を拠点にし、同時期・時間・採集方法における水生生物を指数に用い、それぞれの計測指数に当てはめることで数値を測定した。調査では、調査地において6月に生育している水生生物を主な判断材料とし、ピンセットで捕獲できる大きさの個体のみを使用した。その結果、砂防ダム前を拠点とした川で2種の判定方法共に、水質は貧腐水性の数値が計測できた。ダム前という事で酸素の供給が絶えず行われており、林冠も見られ有機物の供給も豊富であると判断できた。また、底質環境からも多様性を高めている大きな要因と判断でき、水質階級Ⅰのカワゲラであるキカワゲラほか多数採集することができた。さらには、今回のこの調査結果をもとに、阿智川周辺の生物を基調とした水質判断シートを作成し、昼神温泉郷の旅客に配布することで人々が生物に興味を持つ機会を提供した。環境学習としての川・水質の保全への関心を高めるというその学習目的を地域環境マネジメントにも活用することが出来た。

著者

堀内 孝

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.2, pp.137-143, 2016 (Released:2017-01-06)

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In this study, I investigated the effect of the recall time of autobiographical memory on conscious and automatic memory processes. Two-second and six-second recall time conditions were used as experimental variables in two different experiments. The contribution degree of conscious and automatic memory processing in relation to the recall time of autobiographical memory were calculated using the Independence/Remember-Know procedure (Jacoby, 1998; Jacoby & Hay, 1998). For conscious memory processing, the results of both experiments showed that the six-second recall time condition exceeded the two-second recall condition. In contrast, for automatic memory processing, both experiments showed no significant difference between the two-second recall time condition and the six-second recall time condition. These results show that, although the recall of automatic memory processing functions well at two seconds, the recall of conscious memory processing was still increasing at six seconds. The observed differences between conscious memory processing and automatic memory processing confirm the validity of the separation of conscious and automatic memory processing in relation to the recall of autobiographical memory.

著者

羽鳥 剛史 中野 剛志 藤井 聡

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.2, pp.163-168, 2010 (Released:2010-12-29)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

4

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The aim of this paper is to examine the relationship between nationalism and civil society. The present hypothesis, which was developed from the theory of civil society, especially Hegel's thought, supposes a mutually dependent relationship between nationalism and civil society: the stronger (weaker) nationalism, the stronger (weaker) civil society and vice versa. On the other hand, its competitive hypothesis supposes a mutually substitute relationship: the stronger (weaker) nationalism, the weaker (stronger) civil society and vice versa. These hypotheses were tested in a survey, in which participants (n = 400) were asked to respond to measurements for a sense of alienation from four communities (family, organization, region, and state). All the items for the measurements were developed based on Hegel's descriptions about alienation from communities. The obtained data showed that the sense of alienation from each community was positively related with each other. This result gave supports to the interdependent relationship hypothesis. The implication of the result was discussed.

著者

八田 純子 八田 武俊 田村 達

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, pp.137-142, 2020 (Released:2020-12-25)

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The present study examined possible influences of perfectionism and narcissism on anger rumination. Ninety-five undergraduates completed the Japanese version of Anger Rumination Scale (ARS), the Multidimensional Perfectionism Cognition Inventory (MPCI), and the Narcissistic Personality Inventory-Short Version (NPI-S). Multiple regression analysis revealed that “concern over mistake” subscale of the MPCI, “need for attention and praise” and “a sense of superiority and competence” subscale of the NPI-S were predictors of anger rumination. The results showed that “a sense of superiority and competence” was a negative predictor of anger rumination as Hatta et al. (2018) has proposed. The effects of perfectionism and narcissism on anger rumination might be restrictive, so further investigation should be needed.

著者

津村 健太

出版者

Society for Human Environmental Studies

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1, pp.25-30, 2020 (Released:2020-06-30)

被引用文献数

1

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本研究の目的は、社会的排斥場面の目撃者による被排斥者への援助行動を促進する要因を検討することである。人にとって社会的なつながりはなくてはならないものであるため、被排斥経験後には他者との新しい社会的つながりへの欲求が高まる。しかし、被排斥者自身では社会的つながりを築くのが難しい場合もあり、そのような場合には、社会的排斥を目撃した者による被排斥者への援助行動が重要となる。これまでの研究では、排斥場面目撃者の感情反応について、十分に検討されてこなかった。そこで本研究では、目撃者が抱く罪悪感と恥に着目し、これらの感情が後続の行動に及ぼす影響について検討するため、インターネット調査を実施した。社会的排斥を目撃した際のことを想起してもらい、その時の感情や、その後の行動などについて尋ねた。その結果、目撃者が罪悪感を抱くと被排斥者への援助行動が導かれることが示唆された。他方で、恥を感じた場合には、その出来事や被排斥者を回避しようとする動機づけが高まることが示唆された。

著者

堀田 千絵 十一 元三

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.1, pp.17-23, 2014 (Released:2014-07-23)

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It is well-known about the abnormalities of the abilities to remember and preserve information in the individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Many previous studies have focused on the difference by a final memory performance between individuals with ASD and Typical Development (TD). Then, the aim of this study was to examine the learning process until learning in the individuals with ASD, compared to TD. The participants of ASD and TD groups studied all 24 words pairs. Each word pair was tested until they could reach a criterion, two consecutive testing sessions. Learning processes were examined with four measures of (1) the total number of trials and (2) the number of trials for each pair until two consecutive correct responses, (3) the performance of two consecutive correct responses during study trials and (4) the response time for each word during study trials. Finally, at 30 minute later. they were asked to recall each corresponding word for 8 cues randomly selected from 24 pairs. The results showed that the number of trials until learning (the measurement of (1) and (2)) in ASD group were much than that in TD, whereas, in ASD group, the performance of two consecutive correct responses during studying trials (the measurement of (3)) and final performance after 30 minutes on corresponding words to 8 cues was prominently less than that in TD group. These results are discussed in terms of the memory dysfunction related to adaptation in ASD.

著者

高岡 要子 城 仁士

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.1, pp.1_67-1_72, 2008 (Released:2009-06-19)

参考文献数

16

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This interview surveys on "Subjective age" of dankai-generation were done to improve the quality of their welfare services, and the subjective age formation in an individual living environment was considered. The transition patterns of the subjective age were graphed case by case, and classified into seven types in total. From talking about their life history, the subjective age formation resulted from "change in the living environment" such as significant change in their life events and relationships. Through all interview results, "Temporal Landmark" theory by Shum (1998) was used to specify the regulated factors which caused "Self-youth" phenomenon that the subjective age was younger than the calendar age, and to examine how these factors influenced the subjective age formation. In addition, a self-youth mechanism was derived that the dankai- generation was youthful and energetic forever as if a lot of experiences of latter middle-aged people were activated as a landmark, and as if self-youth by landmark formation of the dankai-generation was caught affirmatively. Such a youthful dankai-generation was viewed as "Active senior" with discussion about a self youth mechanism, and a desirable transition model of subjective age to have time by youthful feelings as much as possible was presented at the end.

著者

津田 大希 津田 恭充

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1, pp.3-8, 2020

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In recent years, whistleblowing has uncovered several cases of wrongdoing committed by organizations and individuals in Japan. However, a survey by Japan's Consumer Affairs Agency (2016) showed that the prospect of retaliation inhibits people from whistleblowing. Although the Japanese government is considering establishing legal penalties for people who retaliate against whistleblowers research has yet to determine whether such penalties encourage whistleblowing in actuality. According to the social impact theory, diffusion of responsibility becomes more likely as more people recognize wrongdoing or when the wrongdoing is recognized by a strong authority figure. Previous studies have shown that when diffusion of responsibility occurs, individuals' intention to report wrongdoing is suppressed. However, previous research has not examined whether the presence of a strong authority figure inhibits whistleblowing intention. Using a hypothetical situation method, the present study examined whether the intention to report wrongdoing is influenced by the number of people who recognize the wrongdoing, the authority of those who recognize the wrongdoing, and the existence of legal penalties for retaliation against whistleblowers. Three hypotheses were formulated: (1) participants are more likely to report wrongdoing when there are legal penalties for retaliating against whistleblowers compared to when no such penalties exist; (2) participants are less likely to report wrongdoing when a strong authority figure (e.g., the manager from a head office) recognizes the wrongdoing, as opposed to someone with weak authority (e.g., a manager without decision-making power); (3) the intention of reporting whistleblowing does not depend on the number of people aware of the wrongdoing. A total of 226 university students participated in the study. 2 (the presence of legal penalties for retaliation against whistleblowers) × 2 (number of people who recognize wrongdoing) × 2 (authority of a boss who recognizes wrongdoing) analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted. The results showed that hypotheses 1 and 2 were supported, whereas hypothesis 3 was not. These findings suggest that whistleblowing will be encouraged when legal penalties exist against retaliation and when companies train managers to be aware of the influence of authority.

著者

宮坂 和男 ミヤサカ カズオ Kazuo MIYASAKA

雑誌

人間環境学研究

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.41-52, 2015-02-28

著者

福本 都 苫米地 飛 橋本 剛明 唐沢 かおり

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.73-80, 2017

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Existing research have investigated the effects of free will belief on aggressive behaviours. So far, studies have shown that when people's free will belief is denied, their motivation of self-control decreases, thereby increasing aggressive behaviours. An alternative and inconsistent account is that people who have strong belief in free will attributes the other party's attack to the actor's intention, which lead them to take revenge. Given that aggressions practically occur within a social interaction, the present study examined the relationship between free will belief and aggression in a social interactive situation. We hypothesized that people who have high free will belief will behave more aggressively when they are attacked by another individual. Based on a sample of 45 undergraduates, we measured free will beliefs and trait aggression as an individual-difference variable. We employed a modification of the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm in order to measure participants' aggressive behaviours. As a result, the effects of fatal determinism - a subscale of free will - were found significant. Specifically, when participants were unattacked by their interactive partner, those with low fatal determinism belief behaved less aggressively. Incurring no attack from the partner, participants may have experienced higher responsibility for taking aggressive actions themselves. Under such circumstance, having a low fatal determinism belief, and thus regarding their behaviour as undetermined by nature, may have further increased their sense of responsibility, consequently decreasing aggression. In contrast, when participants were attacked by their partner, aggressive behaviours increased on the whole relative to the non-attacked condition; receiving an attack may have simply provoked participants' motivation to revenge. This study highly suggests the relationship between fatal determinism belief and aggression in social interaction situations, offering a ground for future investigations including parameters to further explain the relationship.