著者

白岩 祐子 唐沢 かおり

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.25-30, 2017 (Released:2017-06-30)

---

Lay person (Juror and citizen judge) have been assumed to decide emotionally rather than rationally, especially in the face of the victim's statements. The previous study, though, does not have support fort this assumption: juror decision making is not always influenced by victim's statements. This study examined the individual sentencing process in a mock trial situation that both Japanese citizen judge system and victim participation system were applied. In particular, the sentencing decision process was examined in terms of vision of the judiciary with a high regard for rational nature. Study1 that 95 undergraduate students participated in revealed that the view of criminal trial which lay weight on rational nature led to lenient sentencing to the defendant. Study 2 (N = 390) shows that the sentencing process noted above result from the motivation to be a "rational judge". Namely, so-called "emotional non-professional" lay person have values of rational nature-oriented to the criminal trial, and they are motivated to decide rationally not emotionally as they confront victim's statements, resulting make the lenient sentencing contrary to the victim's plea. Suggestions for unconformity of previous research and social implications were discussed.

著者

吉田 恵理

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.53-58, 2017 (Released:2017-06-30)

被引用文献数

2

---

Procrastination is the action of putting off doing something that must be done, and if one tends to postpone or delay doing something, the person is said to have Procrastination Tendency. Researchers have long regarded procrastination as a maladaptive behavior. On the other hand, investigators have proposed that not all procrastination behaviors are harmful or lead to negative consequences. Two types of procrastination behaviors should be differentiated: passive procrastination and active procrastination. The purpose of this study was to develop a scale to measure active procrastination and to examine its reliability and validity. In Study 1, data obtained from 314 undergraduates were analyzed. Explorative factor analysis revealed 6 factors. Confirmative factor analysis supported the 6-factor structure. These data were analyzed to examine concurrent validity in terms of clinical scales. Results indicated that the active procrastination scale had a positive correlation with optimism, resilience, self-esteem, and time perspective. Moreover, it had a negative correlation with another procrastination scale, with cognitive reflection, and depression/anxiety. These findings provided sufficient support for reliability and validity of the active procrastination scale. In Study 2, further data were obtained from 95 undergraduates. The scale's test-retest reliability was confirmed. Results showed the scale was developed, its validity confirmed, and its internal consistency checked. In addition, active and passive procrastination were regarded as the same action of putting off doing something, however, differences in their backgrounds are plausible.

著者

福本 都 苫米地 飛 橋本 剛明 唐沢 かおり

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.1, pp.73-80, 2017 (Released:2017-06-30)

---

Existing research have investigated the effects of free will belief on aggressive behaviours. So far, studies have shown that when people's free will belief is denied, their motivation of self-control decreases, thereby increasing aggressive behaviours. An alternative and inconsistent account is that people who have strong belief in free will attributes the other party's attack to the actor's intention, which lead them to take revenge. Given that aggressions practically occur within a social interaction, the present study examined the relationship between free will belief and aggression in a social interactive situation. We hypothesized that people who have high free will belief will behave more aggressively when they are attacked by another individual. Based on a sample of 45 undergraduates, we measured free will beliefs and trait aggression as an individual-difference variable. We employed a modification of the Point Subtraction Aggression Paradigm in order to measure participants' aggressive behaviours. As a result, the effects of fatal determinism - a subscale of free will - were found significant. Specifically, when participants were unattacked by their interactive partner, those with low fatal determinism belief behaved less aggressively. Incurring no attack from the partner, participants may have experienced higher responsibility for taking aggressive actions themselves. Under such circumstance, having a low fatal determinism belief, and thus regarding their behaviour as undetermined by nature, may have further increased their sense of responsibility, consequently decreasing aggression. In contrast, when participants were attacked by their partner, aggressive behaviours increased on the whole relative to the non-attacked condition; receiving an attack may have simply provoked participants' motivation to revenge. This study highly suggests the relationship between fatal determinism belief and aggression in social interaction situations, offering a ground for future investigations including parameters to further explain the relationship.

著者

北山 夏季

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.1, pp.17-24, 2012 (Released:2012-06-30)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1

---

In recent years, there have been more arguments on the importance of educating children not only in Japanese but also in their mother language from different viewpoints and backgrounds because the number of children who have foreign roots has rapidly increased in Japan. Some argue that it is important to involve parents as a support system for learning in their mother language in public schools but it is not necessarily easy due to a lack of understanding of Japanese education by parents, "the wall standing between school and parents", etc. This research, basing on hypothesis that to remove "the wall", setting classes for learning in their mother language in public schools is effective and involving parents in those classes encourages parents to participate in school education and children to study their language and their culture as well, considered how parents were involved in schools and classes for learning in their mother language and what influence did that had on learning attitude and motivation of children by actual setting of those classes from the data gained there. As a result, the following are revealed: 1) The significance of setting classes for learning in their mother language to parents: This research also confirmed that it is difficult to involve Vietnamese parents. 2) The relationship between children's motivation toward learning mother language and culture and involvement of parents: Children who had shown positive learning attitude in classes for learning in their mother language in the lower grades began to show defiant attitude in the fourth grade, which is said to be the time developmental stage changes greatly. It was considered that bringing in lion dance affected the improvement of motivation to take part in classes for learning in their mother language significantly in the time of overcoming this great change in developmental stage after the fourth grade. This enhanced willingness toward lion dance was thought to be the result of children themselves having recognized and been aware that their Vietnamese parents were involved in this lion dance. This positive attitude toward lion dance study also had a good effect on the motivation in the entire activity of classes for learning in their mother language and seemed to lead children to find the significance of those classes, "learning for their family".

著者

松尾 朗子 向井 智哉 田中 友理 唯 なおみ 熊谷 晋一郎

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.2, pp.95-105, 2023 (Released:2023-12-14)

---

People are often unwilling to approach something that they perceive to be contaminated. Perceived contamination is associated with disgust and can be explained using the concept of magical contagion. As disgust is associated with the morality of purity, the role of disgust in the relationship between morality and the perception of contaminated things needs to be scrutinized. This study investigated how people are motivated to avoid something that they perceive to be contaminated with the Moral Foundations Theory as its theoretical framework and prison work products as the study object. In addition to the traditionally used scale to measure one’s concerned moral foundation(s), the moral values regarding purity and religiosity in a specifically Japanese context were measured using the Purity Orientation–Pollution Avoidance Scale, which has four subscales: Mental Purity, Respect for Religion, Bodily Purity, and Pathogen Avoidance. The results reveal that contamination-related disgust mediates the relationships between the Respect for Religion subscale and avoidance toward prison work products, as well as between the Pathogen Avoidance subscale and avoidance toward prison work products. The present study was novel in that it clarifies the relationship involving morality, disgust, and avoidance. The implications of these findings tap into some topics involving cultural differences.

著者

田巻 義孝 堀田 千絵 加藤 美朗

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.2, pp.153-159, 2014 (Released:2014-12-25)

被引用文献数

2

---

The aim of this study was to examine the two points in DSM-5 (Diagnosis and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5-th. ed.) diagnostic standard. The first point is that the severity level for intellectual disability is determined by adaptive functioning rather than IQ scores. The second point is that the autistic disorder is determined by deficits in two core domains (a: social communication and social interaction, b: restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior), but they cannot be used for determining whether to make diagnosis function at predetermined items.

著者

ターン 有加里ジェシカ 村田 光二 唐沢 かおり

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.2, pp.77-82, 2018 (Released:2018-12-21)

---

There are a considerable number of cases reported that an ex-convict's children are negatively perceived even though they themselves have not committed a crime. However, there are few quantitative researches and reasons for the negative perception have not been discussed well. This study hypothesized that the negative perception is associative stigma, and a reason for the stigma is genetic essentialism. Associative stigma is the tendency to being stigmatized or devalued based on his or her association with a stigmatized person. Genetic essentialism is the tendency to ascribe genes as a fixed and underlying nature to members of a category. An experiment was conducted, where all the participants were shown two separated vignettes of a middle-aged man who was a murderer, and of a boy who slapped his classmate. Also, the participants were given a minimum amount of information about the relationships between the two protagonists; they were randomly divided into three conditions, Child-by-blood condition (CBB), Child-by-adoption condition (CBA), and Unrelated condition (URL). If the hypothesis is supported, the boy would be perceived negatively most by CBB and least by URL. The results showed that while the boy was perceived more negatively by CBB than by URL when the perception of the middle-aged man, the murderer, was controlled, there was no such difference between CBA and URL. Although there was no difference between CBB and CBA, which contradicts with the hypothesis that genetic essentialism is a reason for the stigma, considering that there was a significant difference only between CBB and URL and not between CBA and URL, there is the possibility of the existence of genetic essentialism.

著者

大橋 恵 井梅 由美子 藤後 悦子

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.39-46, 2023 (Released:2023-06-01)

被引用文献数

1

---

There have been a number of studies on the competition in entrance examinations, but very few studies have empirically examined the middle school entrance examination, which is qualitatively different from senior high school and university entrance examinations because children must have parental support. The scope of the examination is beyond the knowledge acquired in school, and parents must be proactive in choosing whether their children should take the examination. In this study, an online survey was disseminated to Tokyo metropolitan area residents with children in the sixth grade (N = 800) to clarify the differences between families whose children took or did not take the middle school entrance examination. Reasons for allowing children to take the examination (or not) were also explored. Results indicated that a region with a perceived high examination rate, the mother's high level of education, and the child's same-sex parent had taken the exam increased the probability that children would take the middle school entrance examination. Additionally, an early birth order and higher parental age for parents of female children, along with the full-time working status of mothers of male children, were factors in favor of taking the middle school entrance examination.

著者

大庭 丈幸 西松 能子 大平 英樹

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.1, pp.13-18, 2013 (Released:2013-06-29)

参考文献数

30

---

One of the features in psychopathy is a deficit of empathy. Without empathy, psychopathy can not inhibit to harm others. However, previous studies revealed that offenders had more empathic traits than non-offenders. Empathy is defined as multidimensional components (e.g.; cognitive empathy and emotional empathy), but not as a unitary. Generally, psychopathy is consisted of two subcomponents: Primary Psychopathy (PP; features of callousness and lack of empathy) and Secondary Psychopathy (SP; features of impulsiveness and uncontrollability to own behaviours). Here, we hypothesized that psychopaths, particularly who are dominant in PP, have less empathic traits both in cognitive and emotional domains, on the other hand, SP is more linked with emotional empathic trait, but less linked with cognitive one. Furthermore, we investigated not only to relate psychopathic traits and multidimensional empathy, but also to validate a Japanese version of the Primary and Secondary Psychopathy Scales (PSPS), using both Machiavellianism (MACH) scale and Buss-Perry Aggression Questionnaire (BAQ). Results indicated that correlations between PP and MACH and between PP and BAQ subscales of physical aggression and verbal aggression were higher than correlations between SP and MACH and BAQ, while correlations between SP and BAQ subscales of anger and hostility were higher than correlations between PP and the BAQ subscales. About empathy, consistent with our hypothesis, PP was linked with less empathy both in cognitive and emotional domains, whereas SP was linked with more emotional empathy, but was linked with less cognitive empathy. This reveals that PSPS dissociated PP and SP well. Although there remain some problems, PSPS is a useful scale for measurement of psychopathic traits.

著者

長谷川 大貴 中野 剛志 藤井 聡

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.2, pp.75-82, 2013 (Released:2013-12-25)

参考文献数

28

---

In human and social science, narrative is regarded as an important theoretical construct associated with human cognition, human vitality, sense of unity and cohesion of organization. In this regards, narrative is also expected to increase vitality and cohesion of planning organizations for public policies, such as governmental section for city planning, transportation planning, national land planning and any other public planning. In this study, we review academic genealogies with respect to narratives including western philosophy, hermeneutics, historical science, historical philosophy, literary criticism, clinical psychology and sociology, narrative psychology and folklore. Then we discuss how narrative can be pragmatically applied for planning organizations.

著者

沼田 潤

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.2, pp.55-63, 2012 (Released:2013-01-11)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

1 1

---

The purpose of the present research was to examine the present state of Japanese university students' intercultural understanding in order to obtain some implications for intercultural education in university. The results revealed the present state of Japanese university students' intercultural understanding was not monolithic. On the one hand, some attached importance to intercultural understanding, on the other hand, others slighted or resisted intercultural understanding. Moreover, it was clarified that there were differences on understanding toward social minorities and stereotypic understanding between female and male university students. Based on these results, future direction and tasks on intercultural education in university were investigated.

著者

野村 康

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.1, pp.75-89, 2016 (Released:2016-07-01)

---

This is a preliminary discussion on the development and characteristics of anti-whaling activism in Japan with reference to the activism in Norway. Although Japan and Norway are often considered among the greenest countries in the world, both are also known as major whaling nations without strong anti-whaling movements. While there are several important studies on Norway, little attention has been paid to the case of Japan. Drawing on the framing perspective of social movement theory, this article considers how local political conditions have constrained the growth of Japanese anti-whaling activism and shaped its repertoire of activities, which are significantly less radical compared to its international counterparts. The article concludes by showing an agenda for future research about the nature conservation and animal protection movements in Japan, as well as anti-whaling activism itself, by highlighting the importance of a political-cultural perspective in understanding them.

著者

宮津 寿美香

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.2, pp.105-113, 2010 (Released:2010-12-29)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

3

---

This study aimed to observe infants' production of pointings during the preverbal vocal period at a nursery school. Participants were four 1-year old children (one boy and three girls). The characteristics on infant production of pointing were classified into seven categories ("a. attention getting", "b. place and direction", "c. naming", "d. demand", "e. question", "f. explanation", "g.imitation"), and of those which were inapplicable to any other categories were classified into the category of "h. others". The main results were as following. First, in the nursery school, the frequency of pointing increased as children developed. Second, by comparing the average frequency of infants' pointing manipulated "in infant-adult (nursery teacher) interaction" and "in peer interaction", the frequency of pointing "in peer interaction" was significantly more than that "in infant-adult interaction". Third, the ratio of infants' pointing, categorized into "f. explaination" was high, both "in infant-adult interaction (36 %)" and "in peer interaction (31 %). Although the ratio of infants' pointing "in infant-adult interaction" was high in "d.demand" (20 %) , and in "e. question" (14 %), the ratio of pointing "in peer interaction" was high in "h. others" (23 %), and in "g.imitation" (17 %). Moreover, the ways of pointing gestures were different among these categories. These findings suggest that children's intention to produce pointing, should be considered to be different, depending on whom they tried to interact (adults and peers). Finally, because there were some distinctions among infants' pointing categorized as "h. others", further categorization was done, and classified into three categories ("instructive pointing", "greeting/confirmation", and "pointing toward imaginative objects").

著者

笠原 伊織 唐沢 かおり 唐沢 穣

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.2, pp.147-152, 2019

被引用文献数

1

---

The present study examined whether people's beliefs in free will affect their moral and judicial judgment. Specifically, using a survey method, we examined the mediation by moral judgment which has been theoretically discussed and illustrated in a previous research. In addition, this study focused on the role of explicit motives toward retribution and incapacitation and examined the hypothesis that people whose beliefs in free will were low would focus on incapacitation. An online survey was conducted, and 232 participants were analyzed (96 females, M age = 20.75, SD = 2.46). Participants answered their own free will belief and then read a fictitious scenario about manslaughter case. They answered to what extent they were motivated toward retribution and incapacitation and made moral judgment and judgment of sentencing. A mediational analysis revealed that the process was significant (β = .18, 95 % CI = [.11, .25]). However, no correlations between free will belief and explicit motives were observed (rs = –.11 and .01). Also, retributive motive had no correlation with moral judgment and sentencing (rs = –.08 and .01), while the motive toward incapacitation correlated with both (rs = .26 and .21). Two statistical models explaining how free will belief and the motive toward incapacitation affect sentencing were constructed. One supposed moral judgment mediated the effects of free will belief and incapacitation (i.e., full-mediation model). The other model supposed another direct path from incapacitation to sentencing (i.e., partial-mediation model). As a result, full-mediation model was adopted in terms of model fit (BIC = –10.91 vs. –8.52) and coefficients of determination (R2 = .20 vs .21). The importance of free will belief in people's daily lives and future directions of researches were discussed.

著者

渡辺 匠 太田 紘史 唐沢 かおり

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.1, pp.79-84, 2019

被引用文献数

1

---

自由意志に関する信念は責任帰属や自己コントロールなど、われわれの社会生活で重要な機能を果たすことがこれまでに提起・実証されている。しかし、「自由意志」が何を意味するのか、という根本的な問題について、個々の研究者の想定は異なっている。そこで、本研究は人々の自由意志概念を構成する具体的な要素について、Monroe and Malle(2010)にもとづき、自由記述の方法を通じて検証をおこなった。大学生301名の回答をコーディングした結果、人々の自由意志概念の主要な要素は他行為可能性(「複数の行為が可能である」ということ)、行為者性(「自分の心理状態が行為を引き起こす」ということ)、制約からの自由(「内外の要因に制約されずに行動する」ということ)の3つであることが明らかになった。つまり、人々にとって自由意志とは、「何ものにも拘束されず、自分の心理状態にそって行為を選択する」ということを基本的に意味すると示唆される。これらの結果にもとづき、考察では心理学の先行研究や哲学領域の知見との整合性について議論した。

著者

松本 龍児 櫻井 良祐 ●●● ●●● 唐沢 かおり

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.2, pp.113-117, 2014

---

In the present research, we examined the effects of belief in free will on interpersonal aggression. Baumeister et al. (2009) demonstrated disbelief in free will promoted aggression toward an innocent target. However, our aggressive behavior is not limited to such non-retributive aggression. For instance, people often attack a person who has shown aggression against them in order to defend themselves or take sanctions. The strength of such aggressive behavior is proportional to perceived responsibility of the transgressor (Ohbuchi, 1987). It has been shown that belief in free will has strong relation to the attribution of responsibility and punishment. Thus, we predicted belief in free will would promote aggression against a transgressor. Forty-five undergraduates participated in the study and they were randomly assigned to one of the three conditions (free will, determinism, or control). After free will manipulation, participants conducted the competitive reaction time game against a fictitious participant. In the task, participants and a hypothetical opponent repeatedly delivered the blast of white noise to each other. The intensity of the blast of white noise specified by participants was the measure of aggression. The results indicated believing in free will increased aggression among participants high in trait aggression. The finding raise the possibility that belief in free will of self and that of others differently influence aggressive behavior.

著者

渡辺 匠 岡田 真波 酒井 真帆 池谷 光司 唐沢 かおり

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.1, pp.59-65, 2013

被引用文献数

1

---

There were two primary purpose of this study. One major purpose was to test the effects of disbelief in free will on self-control and the other purpose was to examine whether free will beliefs affect causal attribution of success and failure. Although a great deal of effort has been made on the definition or existence of free will, only few attempts have so far been made at how people's belief in free will influences subsequent judgment and behavior. As an example of such attempts, Rigoni, Wilquin, Brass, and Burle (2013) found that induced disbelief in free will weakens people's motivation of self-control, which suggests dismissing free will leads people to rely on more automatic and impulsive actions. On the basis of this earlier research, the authors intended to confirm the phenomenon that disbelief in free will reduces motivation of self-control. Furthermore, we investigated the processes of causal attribution by belief in free will since they are thought to be associated with both free will beliefs and self-control. Fifty-two undergraduates participated in the study and they were randomly assigned to one of the three conditions (free will, determinism, or control). After free will manipulation, participants completed the Stroop task, whose performance reflects motivation to self-control. Finally, participants received false feedback of success or failure in the Stroop task and they answered attributional questionnaire. The results did not confirm our hypothesis regarding self-control: Participants who were induced to disbelieve in free will performed equally well in the Stroop task as other conditions. However, causal attribution was linked with manipulation of disbelief in free will: Participants who were induced to disbelieve in free will showed less self-effacing bias in task attribution. The findings are suggestive that free will beliefs alter causal attribution processes, which in turn affect a person's social judgment and behavior.

著者

伊藤 美加 吉川 左紀子

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.2, pp.89-95, 2011 (Released:2011-12-29)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

2

---

When we read someone's facial expressions, which part of the face is more important, the upper or the lower part? Are there any difference between the relative important facial parts (upper vs. lower) and whole face in emotional ratings of facial expressions? The stimulus materials were composed facial expressions of six emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happiness, sadness, and surprise) and neutral expression, created by combining the upper parts (including eye, eyebrow, and forehead) and the lower parts (including nose, mouth, and cheek) of pictures. Specifically, the upper half was one expression and the lower half was neutral (e.g., anger-neutral) or same (e.g., anger-anger). Or the lower half was one expression and the upper half was neutral (e.g., neutral-anger). The participants were shown the facial stimulus and asked to rate each of these for the intensity of the six emotions. The results indicated that the upper areas of the face were more strongly associated with anger, surprise, and sadness, whereas the lower areas were more important in recognizing fear and happiness. Moreover, in recognizing facial expressions, the rating for the relative important facial upper parts was not significantly different from that of the rating for the complete face. Further inspection of expression confusion revealed that "anger" and "fear" were consistently confused with "disgust" and "surprise," respectively.

著者

堀田 千絵 吉岡 尚孝

出版者

人間環境学研究会

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.73-81, 2021 (Released:2021-12-29)

---

The term universal design has come to attract attention, but its concept is vague and has a variety of ways of thinking. This paper aims to develop a model of universal design based on domestic and international trends in education. In this way, we consider the results and issues of universal design in the current education. First, we defined universal design in education by considering the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities and the inclusive education system, which form the basis of the concept of universal design in education. As a result, based on the educational needs of each child, we were able to understand that, to the maximum extent possible, it is necessary to create an environment in which all children can feel that they are participating in activities related to learning and social life and have a sense of accomplishment while spending fulfilling time. The environmental improvement is related to the content and method of guidance support, and to the system, facilities and equipment of guidance support. These environmental improvements were organized as a means to achieve the goal of enriching children’s lives and participation in learning activities. Then, two universal design approaches in the present education are mentioned. Finally, the results and future problems are examined.

著者

堤田 賢人 白岩 祐子

出版者

Society for Human Environmental Studies

雑誌

人間環境学研究 (ISSN:13485253)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.1, pp.31-36, 2020 (Released:2020-06-30)

被引用文献数

2

---

死者は生者よりもポジティブに評価される傾向がある。death positivity biasと呼ばれるこの現象は、シナリオ実験と実際の雑誌記事の両方で確認されている。絵画の世界でも同様に、ゴッホやモジリアーニなど、死後になって評価が高まる画家の存在が知られている。死後に評価が向上する現象は、ゴッホのように傑出した才能をもつ特別な画家以外でも生起するのだろうか。つまり、death positivity biasは絵画全般において生起するのだろうか。この点を検証することが本研究の第一の目的であった。第二の目的は、上記でdeath positivity biasが確認されたとして、それが画家の死による効果なのか、あるいは作品の希少性の高まりによる効果なのかを検討することであった。筆者らはシナリオ実験を行い、架空の無名画家の死亡条件と存命条件、さらに活動停止条件で、絵画および画家への評価を比較した。分散分析の結果、death positivity biasは確認されなかった。この結果は、先行研究がターゲットとした実業家や一般人などとは異なり、画家は死による恩恵を受けにくいことを示している。death positivity biasの発生境界条件や今後の研究の方向性が議論された。