著者

佐野 誠

出版者

奈良教育大学

雑誌

奈良教育大学紀要. 人文・社会科学 (ISSN:05472393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.1, pp.101-107, 2012-11

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The purpose of this paper is to critically consider Georg Jellinek's views on the origin of human rights. Main points proposed in his writing The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of Citizens (1895) are as follows: the first is that the legal historical origin of codifying human rights does not lie in the French Declaration of 1789, but in the Virginia Bill of Rights of 1776. The second is that the model of the French Declaration is not Rousseau's The Social Contract of 1762, but the bills of rights of American states enacted in and after 1776. The third is that the historical source of the American bills of rights, including the Virginia Bill of Rights, consists in Protestants' struggles for freedom of religion in the days of North American colonies, especially in the English Protestant theologian, Roger Williams' contributions to it. I particularly would like to deal with the second and third points and propose some objections against them. Plainly speaking, it is emphasized that Rousseau's The Social Contract had a certain influence on the French Declaration, freedom of religion stipulated in American bills of rights was nothing but that for Protestants, and the influence of Williams on the codification of human rights was not so great as that of Thomas Jefferson and James Madison.本稿は、G・イェリネクの『人および市民の権利宣言』(1895年初版)で喚起された人権の起源をめぐる問題に1つの決着をつけることを目的とする。イェリネクの主要論点は以下の3つである。第1は、人権の成文法化の法史的起源は、フランスの「人および市民の権利宣言」(「人権宣言」1789年)にあるのではなく、ヴァージニアの「権利の章典」(1776年)にあること、第2は、フランスの「人権宣言」のモデルは、当時の通説であったルソーの『社会契約論』(1762年)にあるのではなく、ヴァージニアの「権利の章典」を含む、アメリカ諸州の「権利の章典」にあること、第3は、このアメリカ諸州の「権利の章典」の歴史的源泉は、北アメリカのイギリス植民地時代におけるプロテスタントの「信教の自由」獲得のための闘争、とりわけ政教分離主義者ロジャー・ウィリアムズの思想と行動にあることである。本稿は、これら3つの論点に対する筆者の見解を述べたものであり、イェリネクの意に反し、(1)ルソーの『社会契約論』がフランスの「人権宣言」に一定の影響力を与えたことは間違いなく、彼のルソー観は一面的にすぎること、(2)1776年6月以降、アメリカ諸州に自由権を含む「権利の章典」が制定されていくが、その実態は、自由の享受にはほど遠く、北部では神権政治、南部では国家教会制の形態が取られていたこと、しかも(3)「信教の自由」の享受者は、アメリカ諸州の全人民ではなく、キリスト教信仰者、特にプロテスタントに限定されていたこと、(4)ロジャー・ウィリアムズの思想とアメリカ諸州における「権利の章典」制定との直接的な歴史的関係は存在しないこと等が強調される。普遍的、中立的意味での「信教の自由」の法史的起源は、ジェームズ・マディソンが起草したアメリカ合衆国憲法修正10箇条における第1条(1791年)にあるが、この制定過程の詳細な検討は今後の課題として残された。本研究は、平成21~23年度科研費(基盤研究(C))(課題番号:21530010)の助成を受けたものである。

著者

板橋 孝幸 岩本 廣美 河本 大地

出版者

奈良教育大学

雑誌

奈良教育大学紀要. 人文・社会科学 (ISSN:05472393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.1, pp.1-15, 2018-11-30

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This paper studies local learning activities in school education in remote rural areas and clarify their problems and possibilities. A case study was conducted in Kunigami Village and Ogimi Village located on northern part of Okinawa Island, Japan. Both villages have totally different approaches to local learning, which is affected by differences in local education systems.

著者

梶尾 悠史

出版者

奈良教育大学

雑誌

奈良教育大学紀要. 人文・社会科学 (ISSN:05472393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.1, pp.105-115, 2018-11-30

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This paper examines the validity of the theory of values clarification (VC) from a philosophical perspective. The first two chapters present some ethical stances of VC such as “emotivism” and “virtue ethics,” and compare this theory with Kohlberg’s cognitive development theory, which accepts “autonomism” as its moral, philosophical standpoint. The next two chapters discuss the inseparable relationship between emotion and reason in moral judgment by considering Hume’s discussion in A Treatise of Human Nature. The last chapter emphasizes the importance of linguistic activities as indispensable elements in the valuing process, and presents a more persuasive model of the theory of VC.

著者

千成 俊夫

出版者

奈良教育大学

雑誌

奈良教育大学紀要. 人文・社会科学 (ISSN:05472393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.1, pp.87-107, 1984-11-26

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Contmporary society is changing fundamentally and rapidly. We feel it is changing so fundamentally and rapidly that we have difficulty fitting ourselves into the present and projecting ourselves into the future. We, as educators, take on a responsibility that make children grow up in all aspects and help them live in the future. For the sake of fulfilling our such responsibility, it is always important for educators to be aware of international recent developments and trends in education. From the beginning of public school education to the present, Japanese music education has been owed the United States of America a great many things. Especially after World War II, we have to say its influence is very prominent. It may be said that the contemporary period of music education in the United States have begun in 1957. In that year the Ford Foundation began to explore the relationship of the arts and American society. The Music Educators National Conferrenc submitted a proposal to the Ford Foundation that a project about curricula innovation of music education, named the Contemporary Music Project for Creativity in Music Education be inaugurated. In 1963 the Ford Foundation accepted the proposal, and since then until today various projects have been started. There are various differences between music education in America and Japan, and therefore it is difficult to make many problems which have been taking place one after another in American music education clear. But we will be able to get many important informations from the movements of music curricula innovation in the United States. Curriculum is the structure and sequence of learning experiences in formalized instructional settings. Its immediate problem is the quality, content, and organization of in school learning experiences. We, as music teachers, have to arrange curricular experiences in music. We manage instruction and manipulate the learning enviroment for optimum achievement of predefined objectives. The intent of this study is to give essential suggestions which help us make better music education curriculum in Japan of today. The study divides into three parts. Part one, this treatise, presents an overview of the music curricula innovation movements of the United States concerning the period from the 1960s to the present. Part two, the next treatise, explores the contents and teaching methods of music education being related to the music curricula innovations. As the results of two prestudies Part three, the final treatise, will present the concrete suggestion for building music instructional programs.

著者

千成 俊夫

出版者

奈良教育大学

雑誌

奈良教育大学紀要. 人文・社会科学 (ISSN:05472393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.125-143, 1985-11-25

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The National Executive Board of Music Educators National Conference adopted the following goals for MENC at its July meeting in 1984. 1. By 1990, every student, K-12, shall have access to music instruction in school. 2. By 1990, every high school require at least one Carnegie unit of credit in the arts for graduation. 3. By 1990, every college and University shall require at least one Carnegie unit of credit in the arts for admission. MENC President Paul R. Lehman commented that, "I believed that these goals are reasonable and, in most schools, achievable." He called the first goal "the essence of MENC's agenda" and vowed that MENC would pursue that objective vigorously and persitently. "We can take advantage of the nations current enthusiasm for excellence to make dramatic progress toward these goals," he said, but warned that the goals impose special responsibilities on music educators. As is generally known, the Crisis in Music Education in the United States happened in 1981. For the sake of the federal government budget cuts signed into law by President Regan in the August, hundreds of music education position have been eliminated. The cuts affected school budgets and when school budgets are cut, music program and personnel used to be often one of the first to be proposed for curtailment or elimination. In the preceding treatise, an overview of the music curricula innovation movements of the United States was presented. As the conclusion of the study, writer could condense the basic idea of the music curricula innovation movements to such slogan "Music for every child, every child for music." In this treatise, concerning the realization of the slogan, this writer tried to explain the American music educators activities and endeavors under the previously stated crisis in music education. Second, in addition, the ideas and methods which have been supporting American music educators were examined. To put it concretely, the ideas and methods are embodied in the so-called Comprehensive music program and General music program. We can say the both, CMP and GMP, are the products of the Curriculum Innovations of Music Education in the United States of America.

著者

川那部 和恵

出版者

奈良教育大学

雑誌

奈良教育大学紀要. 人文・社会科学 (ISSN:05472393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.1, pp.97-106, 2004-10-29

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On voit dans la fleur de la nature des aspects contradictoires : sa vie est ephemere, mais en même temps eterneile car, avec le retour du printemps, elle bourgeonne et eclore chaque annee pour toujours. Liee au monde naturel par sa fragilite, et au surnaturel par son eternite, I'image de Ia fleur concerne deux espaces radicalement opposes, l'un profane et l'autre sacre. Arnoul Greban et Zeami, pour l'un Ia fleur s'identifie a l'amour de Dieu(espace sacre), et pour l'autre, a la beaute artistique de l'acteur (space profane), ont tous deux essaye, chacun renvoyant son regard vers l'autre espace, d'etablir les relations paisibles et harmonieuses entre ces deux espaces, evoques dans leurs fleurs respectives. Dans le Mvstere de la Fassion, la fleur designant la Sainte Famille- Dieu Ie Pere, Marie et Jesus- est situee dans la Nativite. L'Incarnation suggere le mariage de Dieu avec la femme humaine ainsi que l'idee de "Dieu et homme" de leur Fils, dont la mission est de reconcilier Dieu avec l'homme par sa Redemption. Tout ceci concourt a representer l'image unificatrice entre Ie Ciel et la Terre. La fieur des Traites, a laquelle doit viser l'acteur, peut se traduire par trois phases variees suivant les periodes de la redaction. A la premiere periode, la fleur tient a la beaute exterieure dependant de l'art corporel, tandis qu'elle cherche a s'eiever a la seconde periode a un milieu transcendant de vide par l'interiorisation du mouvement, On y observe donc le passage du profane au sacre. Mais a la derniere periode, au bout du depassement, cette fleur revient a sa premiere etape. Ainsi revolue, la fleur de Zeami, ou se rejoignent maintenant le sacre et 1e profane, finit par rencontrer celle de Greban. Malgre la difference de processus, les deux auteurs, fondes sur le même regard extra-frontiere, ont une même vision d'harmoniser ies deux mondes opposes, et l'ont realisee dans l'image ambivalente de la fleur, soit par l'intervention de Ia grace divine, soit par la quate de la beaute artistique.

著者

桜井 茂男

出版者

奈良教育大学

雑誌

奈良教育大学紀要. 人文・社会科学 (ISSN:05472393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.1, pp.149-154, 1988-11-25

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The purpose of this study was to construct a Japanese edition of the multidimensional scale of empathy developed by Davis (1983) and to investigate the relationship between empathy and helping behavior. The multidimensional scale of empathy consisting of four subscales, i.e. perspective-taking, fantasy, empathic concern, and personal distress, was translated into Japanese and it was adminstrated to 87 college students. The validity of this scale was ensured by the relation to the emotional empathy scale developed by Kato and Takagi (1980). Helping behavior was measured by taking part in psychological experiment. No relations between them were significant and is was discussed mainly from the point of "diffusion of responsibility.

著者

瓜生 淑子

出版者

奈良教育大学

雑誌

奈良教育大学紀要. 人文・社会科学 (ISSN:05472393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.1, pp.57-67, 2012-11

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The practice of bilingual deaf education in Northern Europe and America has pushed the introduction of Japanese Sign Language (JSL) for communication aids into Japanese public deaf schools since the 1990s. This study examined this new trend and discussed the possibility of the combined method of JSL and oral Japanese for young deaf children to promote their meta-linguistic abilities and to provide them clues to written Japanese language.

著者

福田 清美

出版者

奈良教育大学

雑誌

奈良教育大学紀要. 人文・社会科学 (ISSN:05472393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.1, pp.59-74, 2001-10

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Whether French vocal music is sung successfully or not depends on how precisely the vocalist can pronounce the French lyrics. For the benefit of such vocalists, in this essay, based on Camille Maurane's report, "Advice for Japanese Vocalists Who Sing French Vocal Music." I examine (1) the similarity and difference between French and Japanese pronunciation and (2) an effectivc way to pronounce French for Japanese vocalists. When French vocal music is sung, it is very important for the vocalists not only to grasp the dynamism of the music as a whole but also to understand the intonation, accent and rhyme of the lyrics. This is the reason I quote from dictionaries. music scores and, in order to refer to the liaison and movement of intonation, French conversation. Based on these factors, first I look into lyrics as separate from the music. Through this process, we might be able to know how the conrposer listened to and felt about the lyrics. Then. we can find out how the lyrics' rhyme and intonation go together with their accompaniment and, at the sarne time, we can understand the lyrics more profoundly than before. The problem for Japanese is that it is difficult to get instructive materials on French "sound," while we have a lot of literary works like translations and researches on French literature, It is necessary for vocalists to acquire knowledge of the language in which the music is sung. Japanese people generally are not good at recognizing and pronouncing French sounds, but once they get familiar with them. they can have the confidence to sing in French. I write this essay because I think we need, along with the interpretation of the music itself a guideline for the rules of pronunciation when vocalists sing French vocal music.

著者

ミヤシタ トシヤ オオクマ ノブヒコ 宮下 俊也 大熊 信彦 MIYASHITA Toshiya OHKUMA Nobuhiko

出版者

奈良教育大学

雑誌

奈良教育大学紀要. 人文・社会科学 (ISSN:05472393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.207-218, 2013-11-30

著者

根田 克彦 伊藤 悟

出版者

奈良教育大学

雑誌

奈良教育大学紀要. 人文・社会科学 (ISSN:05472393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.1, pp.149-163, 2004-10-29

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this study is to examine the development of shopping centers and retail land use in the Downtown area of Boston. This research focused on retail land use in the central shopping district, Back Bay and Beacon Hill In the Boston metropolitan area, there are nine super-regional shopping centers but they were not located in the City of Boston in 2002. However, there were two exclusive regional shopping centers and a festival marketplace in Downtown Boston. In the central shopping district, historical buildings are preserved and retail businesses are located on ground levels primarily as Boston Zoning Code regulate. In Back Bay and Beacon Hill, exterior architectural features are preserved within historic districts. Newbury Street is a main shopping street in Back Bay. Many exclusive speciality retail stores stand close together along both sides of this street and there are famous exclusive hotels in Back Bay. Charles Street, which is the main shopping street in Beacon Hills, has the characteristics of a neighborhood shopping street. Many high-income households have been situated in Back Bay and Beacon Hill from the nineteenth century. Shopping streets in Back Bay and Beacon Hill have been supported by these high-income households and tourists. The retail stores in Downtown Boston attract many people because the historical landscape and retail businesses are preserved by Boston Zoning Code.

著者

玉瀬 耕治 脇本 真希子

出版者

奈良教育大学

雑誌

奈良教育大学紀要. 人文・社会科学 (ISSN:05472393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.1, pp.209-219, 2003-10-31

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According to Doi (1971), AMAE (hopeful expectation of someone's indulgence and favor) is a concept that represents a typical cultural tendency in Japanese interpersonal relationship. The purpose of this study was to develop an AMAE scale for college students. In study 1, items that describe AMAE states in various ordinary inter-personal situations for college students were collected from reviewing previous studies on this topic and AMAERARE (acceptance of AMAE from others) items were also derived from the AMAE items. One hundred and twenty-two college students were asked to rate the AMAE and AMAERARE items on a 4-point rating scale. The factor analyses revealed that there were two factors for the AMAE subscale, that is, 7 items as TATE (vertical relationship) factor and 6 items as YOKO (horizontal relationship) factor. On the basis of the results of AMAE subscale, the AMAERARE subscale items were selected, that is, 7 TATE items and 4 YOKO items. Finally the AMAE full scale consisted of the AMAE subscale and the AMAERARE subscale. Cronbach's as for these scales were in between .80 and .87. The AMAE scale has no significant relationship with an assertion scale for adolescents (Tamase et al., 2001). In study 2, the relationship between AMAE and self-consciousness was examined using 196 different students from study 1 as raters. A self-consciousness rating scale (Sugawara, 1984) was used in this study. The results showed that there were low significant relationships between AMAE and public self-consciousness (r=.32) and between AMAERARE and private self-consciousness (r=.28). These results were discussed in terms of future use of the scale for multicultural study.

著者

根田 克彦

出版者

奈良教育大学

雑誌

奈良教育大学紀要. 人文・社会科学 (ISSN:05472393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.1, pp.63-76, 2011-11

著者

田辺 正友 田村 浩子

出版者

奈良教育大学

雑誌

奈良教育大学紀要. 人文・社会科学 (ISSN:05472393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.1, pp.243-251, 1998-11

著者

梅村 佳代

出版者

奈良教育大学

雑誌

奈良教育大学紀要. 人文・社会科学 (ISSN:05472393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.1, pp.157-169, 2003-10-31

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In the early Edo period, Nara had 6,000 families, a population of 35,000 and 3,000 houses. Minami Handa Nishi area in Nara was a small town, and it's population decreased from 130 to 70 in the Edo period. It's time of grand prosperity was in Genroku ages, and it gradually decreased in the number of houses and families. Minami Handa Nishi area had many religious sects, the most common religious sect was the Jhodo Sect. The second most common religious sect was the Jhodo-Shinsyu Sect. The third most common sect was the Yuuzuunenbutsu Sect. Other sects included the Shingon Sect, the Hokke Sect and the Tendai Sect. The Jhodo Sect had about 70 percent of the believers in this area, and the Jhodo-Shinsyu Sect had about 20 percent of the believers. In Nara, the number of families in each household increased. This happend because the Edo nation increased the amount of tax that each household was responsible for. Some people in the Minami Handa Nishi area were rich and controlled all other people. The names of their businesses were "Yoshinoya" and "Yamatoya " etc. In Edo period, Nara had many small familial organizations, and many nuclear families. The majority style of families was parents and one or two children. It had many families with no children. For example, the name of "Yoshinoya" had 15~20 family menbers and kept 4~5 employees about the middle Edo period, but each family of the "Yoshinoya" household had from 4~5 members.

著者

八尾坂 修

出版者

奈良教育大学

雑誌

奈良教育大学紀要. 人文・社会科学 (ISSN:05472393)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.1, pp.193-203, 2001-10