著者
齋木 喜美子
出版者
日本教育方法学会
雑誌
教育方法学研究 (ISSN:03859746)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.24, pp.1-8, 1999

This study is described on children's cultural activities in Yaeyama in the recent times, mainly on the practice of Takuji Iwasaki. In 1897 Takuji Iwasaki was assigned to Ishigakijima as the head of the local meteorological observatory from the Central Meteorological Observatory. Since then, for 40 years, he made efforts to preserve the local nature and folklore, and develop the local education, in addition to the weather observation and he left great achievements. Especially, he was quick to find children's talents. He made efforts to make opportunities to report children's cultures and made efforts to bring up talented persons of the next generation. In this study I mention an aspect of a history of local educational practice in Japan in the recent times by making his practice and their significance clear.
著者
鈴木 悠太
出版者
日本教育方法学会
雑誌
教育方法学研究 (ISSN:03859746)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.39, pp.71-82, 2014

本研究はマクロフリンの研究の系譜における教師の「専門家共同体」の形成と展開を明らかにすることを課題とした。その成果は以下の3つの契機に即し総括される。<br> 第一に,スタンフォードCRC は教職の「文脈」を中心概念とする学校改革研究のナショナル・センターとして出発した。マクロフリンは「現に存在する制約の中で」専門性開発を「実現可能にする」ことを目指し,教職の「文脈」に照準を合わせた。<br> 第二に,教師の「専門家共同体」の概念は教職の「文脈」の鍵概念として形成された。「専門家共同体」は,様々な重荷を抱える「今日の生徒」に対峙する高校教師の授業実践が多様な展開を示していることを踏まえ,最も革新的な授業実践を追求する教職の「文脈」としてマクロフリンらが同定した概念であった。<br> 第三に,マクロフリンらの研究の成果は,授業の3類型を中心とし,教師共同体の3類型,教職キャリアの3類型の連関において定式化され,「専門家共同体」は教職の多層的な「文脈」の中に位置づけられるに至った。<br> これらを踏まえ,マクロフリンの研究の系譜における教師の「専門家共同体」は,教職の「文脈」の概念によって射程に収める,教師を中核とする多様な改革の担い手による学校改革の追求という構図の中にあり,あくまでも現存する制約の中で学校改革の実現可能性を追求するマクロフリンらの愚直な姿勢が鮮明となった。その中核に教師の「専門家共同体」の形成と展開があった。
著者
戸田 善治
出版者
日本教育方法学会
雑誌
教育方法学研究 (ISSN:03859746)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.18, pp.101-109, 1993-03-31 (Released:2017-04-22)

In this article, the research material is the Historical Education textbooks "Today through Yesterday". These textbooks were written by C. F. Strong in 1936 in Britain. The purpose of these textbooks is to bring up the citizen through historical education. I tried to make clear the principle of the historical content construction. The result of the analysis is as follow. 1) The purpose of citizenship education in Britain was to bring up the citizen who understand the democracy and make effort to defend it aganst the dictatorship. 2) Strong made clear the principle that bring up the citizen through historical content construction. 3) Strong concluded that the material of the historical education is the historical things. And, he concluded that the material of the citizenship education is the current things. So, he deviced the principle of the historical content construction for citizenship education. And, he put the principle into effect. This was the historical education textbooks "Today through Yesterday ". 4) "Today through Yesterday" was made up four books. The date of each books treted was as follow. book 1 earlist times to 1603 book 2 1603-1837 book 3 1837-present book 4 present 5) The principle of the historical content construction for book 1 to book 2 is the chronological approach. The principles for book 3 is the topic approach. The principles for books 4 is the concentric approach. 6) The special feature of the principle of "The through Yesterday" is the gradual change chronological approach to concentric approach.
著者
山住 勝広
出版者
日本教育方法学会
雑誌
教育方法学研究 (ISSN:03859746)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.20, pp.61-69, 1995-03-31 (Released:2017-04-22)

In this paper the fundamental issue of the relation between child development and education is discussed, especially the internalization model of social influences. In general terms, internalization refers to the process by which external action and material are transmitted to internal plane. The views of internalization model usually presuppose an external-internal dualism, and are tied to an assumption that mental processes exist within the isolated individual. In a variety of theories using the notion of internalization child development through teaching-learning is viewed as wholly internal possession of external pieces of knowledge and skill, that is, internalization of ready-made standards of behaviour and cognition. To overcome the theory of teaching-learnig and development based on the views of internalization views, we need to shift to the expanded model of human mental development. This model is created in the idea of mediated action that serves as the starting category of analysis, and accounts the very specific and important role of mediating artifacts in the process of human activity. According to this idea, we can view human mental development as active and creative transformation of individual(s) operating with mediating artifacts in sociocultural activity. In connection with the idea of mediation, the semiotic version of activity theory rethinking L. S. Vygotsky's idea gives special attention to the way in which mental development emerges from the activity of a subject mediated by inter-subjective relations. This perspective provides an important correction to an assumption that the individual is a passive recipient of external social or cultural influences. Humans can change and transform their own subjective worlds through using and creating mediating artifacts of activity. An explicit analysis of the role of mediation makes it possible to conceptualize the creative character of teaching-learnig and development. From the new perspective, the telos of teaching-learnig activity can be appreciated as forming societally important new intellectual tools and patterns of collaboration rather than the acquisition of pieces of knowledge and skill. Child development through teaching-learning is creative transformation within culturally organized social (inter-subjective) environment. In this paper this conceptualizaion is proposed through an analysis of a classroom interaction in social studies.
著者
熊井 将太
出版者
日本教育方法学会
雑誌
教育方法学研究 (ISSN:03859746)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.34, pp.73-84, 2009

本稿の目的は,16世紀から17世紀にかけての学級教授の成立過程を歴史的に検討し,学級教授がどのような構造を持ち,どのような変容を経て成立していったかを明らかにすることである。本稿では,学級教授の起源を巡る議論を出発点として,(1)イエズス会学校における学級の実態的発展,(2)近代教授学の先駆者ラトケ(Ratke,W.)の学級教授の構想,および(3)コメニウス(Comenius,J.A.)の学級教授の構想,という三点から学級のもつ意味を検討した。16世紀末のヨーロッパにおいて,学級という組織は実態的には,経済性・効率性の観点および生徒の管理という観点から要請されて現れてきた。17世紀になると,それ以前の特権階級に独占された教育を批判し,すべての人間の知識,能力をもれなく高める,合理的な教授方法を求める教授学運動が生じてくる。その動向の中で,ラトケは,教師中心的な一斉授業として学級教授を基礎づけた。それに対して,コメニウスは,集団で学ぶことが生徒の能動性を高め,その知的,実践的な能力を育てることを看取した。コメニウスは学級を経済性・効率性の論理だけでなく,教育の論理からも捉え直したのである。コメニウスにおいて,学級の教育的意義が認められ,学級教授の思想が準備されたと言える。
著者
布川 和彦
出版者
日本教育方法学会
雑誌
教育方法学研究 (ISSN:03859746)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.19, pp.37-46, 1994-03-31 (Released:2017-04-22)

Van Hiele theory, especially its levels of thinking, is widely accepted by mathematics education communities in many countries, and is used as a framework for the research on geometry learning and teaching. The meanings of his theory, however, is not fully clear, and it sometimes causes controversy. The purpose of this paper is making clear the meanings of the van Hiele's levels of thinking and the five stages for facilitating transitions to higher levels, which are the central ideas of his theory. In order to do this, we first consider the relation between van Hiele theory and the theory about informal knowledge. From this consideration, we find the followings; (i) Recognition of figures at the first level can be taken as informal and situated knowledge about those figures; (ii) Transitions from the first level to the third level can be seen as the transition from informal knowledge to formal knowledge. Based on these results, next we analyze the relation between van Hiele theory and Vygotskian theory. Then we find the followings; (i) Recogniton of figure at the second level corresponds to the pseudconcept or potential concept; (ii) Transitions among the levels cerrespond to the development of scientific concepts based on everyday concepts; (iii) The span between the first level and the third can be considered to generate the zone of proximal development concerning the geometrical knowledge. Consequently, we obtain the following characterization of van Hiele theory; This theory deals with teaching geometry using the zone of proximal development so that children have the access to geometical knowledge and can use it with conscious awareness and volition. This result suggests the new research problems relating to van Hiele thery.
著者
岩花 春美
出版者
日本教育方法学会
雑誌
教育方法学研究 (ISSN:03859746)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.36, pp.109-119, 2011-03-31 (Released:2017-04-22)

この論文の目的は,木下竹次の教育理論における木下の「学習法」の構造を明らかにすることである。木下の学習理論は,大正デモクラシー時代に形成され,彼の理論は児童中心主義教育を遂行するための日本の進歩主義に強く支えられていた。また,木下の学習論は,ジョン・デューイの教育目的論の影響を受けていると考えられる。しかし,木下の理論は,「禅」や「武士道」に含蓄されている日本的・東洋的な精神を保持していたのである。木下の「学習法」の教育的理論は1923年〜1927年に「自由」と「協同」の概念が「自律」と「協同」へと変容している。しかし,その当時にデューイの民主主義的な思想が根付くことは,困難であったのである。この論文は5つの部分から成っている。はじめに,1,独自学習にみる「自律」と日本文化2,相互学習にみる「協同」と民主主義3,木下竹次の『伸びて行く』とJ.デューイの探究の理論,おわりに。
著者
田代 高章
出版者
日本教育方法学会
雑誌
教育方法学研究 (ISSN:03859746)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.20, pp.53-60, 1995-03-31 (Released:2017-04-22)

This article describes the educational action as the Symbolic Interaction. Current studies of the educational action emphasize the spatial relations between teacher and students. But in the educatinal action, we must grasp it in temporality. In this respect, Symbolic interactionism gives us fruitful suggestions. Symbolic Interactionism which derives from the thought of G. H. Mead was accepted by German pedagogy in 1970s'. This theory rests on three premises: that human beings act toward things on the basis of the meanings the things have for them, that the meaning of such things derive from the social interaction one has with one's fellows, that these meanings are handled in, and modified through, an interpretative process. This theory deals with not only human interpersonal communication but also intrapersonal communication. Furthermore, it deals with intersubjectivity and temporality. H. Joas says Mead's philosophy of time is certainly the least intelligible and least well elucidated part of his work. The key concept of Joas's study is practical intersubjectivity and the relation between intersubjectivity and temporality. Especially in educational action as Symbolic Interaction, we must pay attention to temporality of educational action. I will discuss the practical intersubjectivity, which bases on cooperative action in the classroom, and the relation between cooperative action and temporality.
著者
小林 将太
出版者
日本教育方法学会
雑誌
教育方法学研究 (ISSN:03859746)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.35, pp.93-103, 2010-03-31 (Released:2017-04-22)

本稿は,L.コールバーグのジャスト・コミュニティにおける現実生活の意味を解明することを目的とした。コールバーグ理論における道徳性の捉え方を解釈し直すために彼の自我発達の理論を検討し,そのうえで自我発達の観点からジャスト・コミュニティの授業について考察した。その結果,第一に,コールバーグ理論における道徳性の捉え方が,彼が初期から仮定として与える自我発達の観点から包括的に解釈されることを示した。道徳性発達が他の社会的認知の変容とともに社会性発達の一部として自我発達のなかに包摂されること,加えて道徳性それ自体も自我の他の領域との関係のなかで捉えられていることを明らかにした。第二に,自我発達の理論の強調に伴い,コールバーグにおける教育の目的観が道徳性発達から自我発達へと変容したことを示した。これは,コールバーグ道徳教育論を解釈する際に自我発達の観点に立つ必要性を意味する。第三に,ジャスト・コミュニティの授業において社会の現実生活が提示されること,そしてそれが学校の現実生活について議論することと行為変容とを結びつけることに寄与すると考えられることを解明した。授業は元来,学校の現実生活の議論を通した生徒の学習と社会の現実生活とを結びつける場として構想されていた。授業は,学校と社会に関する社会的認知を結びつけることで,生徒の自己を社会に向けて再構築させることを可能にすると考えられていたといえる。
著者
田中 喜美
出版者
日本教育方法学会
雑誌
教育方法学研究 (ISSN:03859746)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.18, pp.111-119, 1993

The Course of Study for Lower Secondoy School revised in 1989, introduced the new area, 'Basic Information Technology' into Industrial Arts and Homemaking. Two kinds of the official approval textbooks for this subject were published in 1992. Both of them emphasized on teaching how to use the personal computer with some popular aplication softwares, as well as the rudiment of computer programing in the BASIC language. But these subject matters should be reexamined, because they are not seemed to have enough worth teaching as universal industrial arts education. We think that the computer education in the 'Basic Information Technology' area should be organized forming a link in the chain of the industrial arts education so that its main aim is to help. students explore the world of the flexible automation technology, and comprehend that manufacturing efficiency can be improved by integrating machines and equipments under computer control into a system. Students reexperience activities of designing, objectfying, and try and testing the programs for program control, as a result, they should be able to explain why computers can make automations be flexible. The course of study and teaching materials for, the 'Basic Information Technology' which we developed, can attain these aims and objectives of the computer education in Industrial Arts.
著者
中田 基昭
出版者
日本教育方法学会
雑誌
教育方法学研究 (ISSN:03859746)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.21, pp.1-9, 1996-03-31 (Released:2017-04-22)

At the beginning this treatise presents three ways of comprehending human being, founding on Buber's insights. The first is observation in which one fixes the behavior of the observed in one's mind and writes up as many traits as possible. The second is looking on, in which one tries to see the object freely and awaits what will be presented to him without any expectation. The third is "becoming aware" ("Innewerden") in which a voiceless word is talked to me and "I accept that." These differences in comprehending human being take more concrete shape in Kimura's phenomenological psychopathology and Binswanger's. According to Kimura, an essence of schizophrenia cannot be elucidated by the determinate predicate that discovers and describes the attributes of the objects, but by the modifying predicate that can be judged by a subjective impression or "emotional diagnosis"("Gefuhlsdiagnose"). In case of studying classroom teaching, its elucidation also needs to depend upon not only the description which is based on observing the experience of teachers and children, but also needs to depend upon becoming aware (Innewerden) and the modifying predicate. This elucidation is realized through my own experience and Takeda's documents of classes. Consequently it is made clear, that the mutual awareness among children plays an important role in classroom teaching.
著者
笹本 正樹
出版者
東京教育大学教育方法談話会
雑誌
教育方法学研究 (ISSN:02889854)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.14, pp.1-16, 2001

イサムノグチは、日本人を父にもち、アメリカ人を母にもって、誕生した。しかし、私生児として育ったために、八十四歳の死まで多難な人生をすごした。さらに、彼の芸術作品は東洋と西洋を融合したものとして ...