著者

酒井 利信

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.1, pp.1-20, 2003-07-31 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

52

---

The “concept of a double-edged sword, ” which we often hear about in kendo and swordsmanship, is a symbolic reference to the sacred sword (Kusanaginotsurugi) of the three sacred treasures. The three sacred treasures themselves have very unique circumstances surrounding them, and the image of Kusanaginotsurugi, which is one of the three treasures comprising the imperial regalia, represents the “concept of a double-edged sword” and describes this most symbolically. The “concept of a double-edged sword”itself departed from the field of faith and religion in ancient Japan, and had another value system differing from that of the martial art. Then, in the Edo period, the “concept of a double-edged sword” was determined as a benchmark that symbolized the cultural nature of the martial art. Namely, that the “concept of a double-edged sword” passed through various changes during the medieval era, and it was the Kusanaginotsurugi, one of the sacred treasures, that represented this notion.This study aims to identify the circumstances surrounding the “concept of a double-edged sword” from the perspective of the three sacred treasures, paying special attention to the medieval era.In this research, the circumstances in which “the concept of a double-edged sword” came to combine with the martial art, and the subsequent directionality are clarified by examining the notions regarding the three sacred treasures in the medieval era. The contents are described as follows and are summarized for each period.(Heiancho Period or before)*The sacred treasures symbolized gods prior to the Imperial Throne, and without this structure, they could not symbolize the Imperial Throne adequately. In other words, a dual structure existed, in which the sword was a ritual utensil and simultaneously a ceremonial arm.*At that time, the structure in which the sacred treasures symbolized the Imperial Throne was not as significant as the role played in society.<Kamakura Period>*The samurai class represented by Genji and the Heike considered the three sacred treasures to be very important symbols of the Imperial Throne. The role this idea played in society became very influential.*Such tendencies were originated in the samurai's adherence to positions of the Emperor's military (Imperial army), because only the adherence affirmed their usage in military force.*Since only the Kusanaginotsurugi was lost among the three sacred treasures, this sacred sword conversely attracted more attention and was regarded as important; consequently, it began to be treated as a special object. Though the sword was originally a ritual utensil and a ceremonial arm, it came to be treated as an element of the martial art.< Nanbokucho/Muromachi Period>*The three sacred treasures of the Imperial House became common.*Symbolism without the actual existence of Kusanaginotsurugi began to appear.

著者

浅見 高明 松本 芳三 谷ロ 学

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.1, pp.42-42, 1969-11-30 (Released:2012-11-27)

著者

長尾 進

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.1, pp.17-25, 1996-07-31 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

29

---

Shiai-kenjutsu or bamboo sword match with protective gear (Bogu) was created and developed by the Jikishinkage-ryu school in the early eighteenth century with the purpose of improving Kenjutsu (Japanese fencing) which had lost opportunities for actual contact. Today's Kendo has its origin in this match.A recent study (Yoshio Kobayashi et al.1993) maintains that the Hokushin-itto-ryu school built its theory of bamboo sword match between the Koka and the Kaei era (1844-1853). However, no report has been made which clarified the features of other Kenjutsu schools using bamboo swords and protective gear before that period.Shinto-munen-ryu Kenjutsu Kokoroe-gaki, owned by National Diet Library, was written by Muto Shichinosuke, a master of Shinto-munen-ryu in Sukekawa Village (present-day Hitachi City, Ibaraki Prefecture), who was active in the Tenpo era (1830-1843).It describes the features of other seven Kenjutsu schools: protective gear, bamboo swords, postures, techniques, tactics and the customs to deal with them.The main points of this manuscript are summarized as follows:Prior to the Koka era, each of the Kenjutsu schools had original postures, techniques and tactics. For exemple,1. Itto-ryu: a fencer mainly thrusts at the opponent's chest and face from the Lower posture (Gedan).2. Jikishinkage-ryu: a fencer strikes his opponent's head gear and gloves with both hand constantly from the Upper posture (Jodan).3. Kyoshin-meichi-ryu: a fencer principally makes one hand strikes constantly from the Upper posture while putting his left foot forward.4. Ryugo-ryu: a fencer strikes his opponent's whole body, especially the legs.Protective gear (Bogu) were not the same among the schools. Head gear (Men) and gloves (Kote) were worn in common, but body-protecters (Take-gusoku or Do) were not because body-protecters were primitive in those days and some schools assumed that it could hinder the movement of a fencer.

著者

松本 秀夫 本田 千里 天野 聡 大塚 真由美 吉村 哲夫 網代 忠宏

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.Supplement, pp.33-33, 2005 (Released:2012-11-27)

著者

村山 輝志

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, pp.10-19, 1976-07-31 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

30

---

Change of judging rule of Judo and Kendo as BUDO is summarized in an introduction, The origin of each article and the background of its revised or supplemented ones are discussed in details. The main object of this report is interpretation on the reason why these revised and supplemented articles have been derived.The interpretation was infered from technical, tactical, and restrictive aspects of the rules. Especially it was done on the original character of BUDO.

著者

福島 正義

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.3, pp.7-13, 1978-03-05 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1

---

General principles of Mitogaku exist in the next phrases.1. Loyalty and filial piety is peerless.2. No distriction between pen and sword,3. Reverence and respect confusianisum.4. Scholarly persuits make efficacy as others.I will state above mentioned phrase No.2 expressly.1) No distriction between pen and sword.What is the “no distriction between pen and sword.” Pen without sword is not signify the pen, sword without pen is not signify the sword.Anybody be materialized of these, main mankind is follows.Mr. Mitsukuni Mito-Feudal clan's lord.Mr. Nariaki Tokugawa-Feudal clan's lord. Mr. Toko Fujita-The scholar is splended one.By Mr. Nariaki's Tokugawa order, Kodokanjutsugi (the greatest book) is compiled.Mitogaku's whole soul into this book is thrown since then Mr. Mitsukuni Mito consistently.The main discourse is into discuss throughly concerning above No.2 subject.1) I will participate in the modern significance lastly an end.

著者

岡田 一男

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.3, pp.1-7, 1987-03-01 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

14

---

About the era of Oei (A. D.1400) Chujo Hyogonosuke Nagahide started the Chujo school of swardsmanship, introducing the doctrine of the Zen sect by Jion, a Zen priest into it. Later it prevailed widely in the province of Echizen (now it is Fukui Prefecture), where lived the Toda Family, from whose descendants appeared a large number of masters and experts in succession, as the result of which, the Chujo was called the Toda school before everyone knew it.The founder of the Toda school was Nagaiye, whose son Kageiye succeeded to him and his three sons, Satoiye, Seigen and Kagemasa handed down the secret of the art. It was especially to Shigemasa who was the adopted son of Kagemasa that the authority of this family reached the climax. I have tried to consider in this monograph the details of the tradition which flourished from the Chujo to the Toda school with the help of documents in connection with the same school.

著者

有川 一 坂本 太一

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.1, pp.13-18, 2023 (Released:2023-11-14)

参考文献数

14

---

Nitric oxide (NO), an endogenous vasodilator that relaxes vascular endothelial cells and which is synthesized in the body, is primarily released from the sinuses into the nasal cavity during the continuous vocalization of “humming” nasal sounds. One of the vocalizations performed during kendo is “men”, which produces nasal sounds. We hypothesized that during these vocalizations, the fractional exhaled NO (FeNO) via the nasal cavity may increase. In this study, we measured FeNO through the nasal cavity of nine experienced kendo players when they vocalized “men” with a nasal sound in kendo. As a result, compared with humming (151.4±30.1 ppb), which involves continuous nasal sounds, the single vowel vocalization of “meeen” showed a significantly lower FeNO value (41.6±11.0 ppb, P=0.005). However, the repeated vocalization of “men”, which consists of two repeated nasal sounds, showed a similar value to that during humming (141.9±25.2 ppb, P=0.977). Our results illustrated that FeNO release via the nasal cavity increased during repeated vocalizations of “men” in one breath, such as during “kirikaeshi”. Therefore, we were able to further the current understanding of the physiological characteristics of the manner of kendo exercise.

著者

大森 宣昌 中野 八十二 坪井 三郎

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.16, 1968-12-25 (Released:2012-11-27)

著者

長尾 進

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.3, pp.10-21, 1989-03-25 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

59

---

Unkv-rya is a school of Kenjutsu, the Japanese traditional swordsmanship.In the early days of the Edo era, it was established by Itori Kyoun who learned Kenjutsu at the Kô-ryû school and Mujû shinken-ryû school. Kengo Tominaga was the first researcher who referred to the lineage, the old documents, the Kata (forms) and the method of bamboo sword practice of this school in the Kumamoto district. There are few studies on this school except his posthumous works.The porpose of this study is to clarify the details related to the tradition of Unkô-ryû, through the analysis of the documents and materials we have recently discovered and offered by Mr. Hiromichi Inoue, the present master of this school. The results can be summarized as follows; 1) All the hereditary masters of Unkô-ryû styled themselves with the names which include the same word Un. It was succeeded to the usage of Muju shinken-rya, for example, Harigaya Sekiun or Kodegiri Ichiun.2) In Unkô-ryû, the licence on the first and the middle grades are “Zuijun-no-shô” and “Sankyôroku”, the documents of Kô-ryû. Two licences out of three on the final grade are “Sekiun-rya Kenjutsu-sho” and “Tenshin-dokuro” written by Kodegiri Ichiun, the second master of Muju shinken-ryû.3) The method of bamboo sword practice in this school was also succeeded to the style of Muju-shinken-ryû.-Two persons faced each other try to. do the same technique “Men (head)-striking”, from the same posture “Hassô”, at the same time. This was the only practice called Aiuchi, and a very unique one disregarded victory or defeat. Thus Unkô-ryû is a Kenjutsu school combined these two schools.; however, it is supposed to have been influenced by Muju shinken-ryu much more than by Kô-ryû.

著者

久保 武郎 田島 東海男

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.101-102, 1987-11-30 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

6

著者

関 鎮正

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.87-88, 1989-11-30 (Released:2012-11-27)

著者

志々田 文明

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.1, pp.13-25, 1999 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

15

---

The purpose of this study is to clarify the actual conditions of the boyonet fencing education introduced as part of the military drill, a required subject at Kenkoku University (1932-1945) in Manturia. The results can be summarized as follows:1. The military drill as well as budo and agricultural trainings was considered to be the most important subject as the university. The time of boyonet fencing training in the military program was conducted in the latter half of 1940, three year after the university was established. It seemes to have been related to the characteristic of the university, whose goal was to bring up the high-rank government officials. The style of boyonet fencing drill was typically based on The Model for Fencing published by the Japanese army.2. The military drill was conducted by an officer and his assistant. instructor called jokyo, but the boyonet fencing was usually taught by a jokyo accompanied by his junior assistant. The names of the major assistant instructors were Noboru Ohta, Teruo Sajyrai, Sunayama and so on. According to the old studens, Sakurai, who served at the university between the establishment and the closing, had much influence upon students since about 1942 at the latest.3. The boyonet fencing as classwork somewhere between the latter half of 1941, and the beginning of 1941, and then it was gradually expanded, Koichi Fujimori, one of the secondterm students, remembers that his contemporaries practiced the. boyonet fencing after classes and that they started it in 1941. It has been confirmed that the fifth-term students had been engaged in the training as part of their extracurricular activiies since 1944 at the latest. However, it seemes that each year group trained by themselves, and there was no joint training among different year groups.4. One of the club's menbers said he found satisfaction in the furthering of friendship with their rivals. Competent instructors might have contributed to the good relationships among students, too. The interesting features of the boyonet fencing as a combative sport and such educational environment combined to give the students a sense of great satisfaction. Though the boyonet fencing was a war martial art, it was possible to greatly contribute to the character building of students if there were excellent instructors and an instructive environment, and an if students practiced it, while thinking about what human being, society and international society should be.

著者

岡田 一男

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.1-7, 1990-07-31 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

6

---

The Meiji Restration era was just the time when all Japan was pervaded with the people's desire to abolish the former system and institutions and renovate everything antiquate and out of date, including their old manners and customs. The Japanese fencing with a long proud history of its own was no exception: it was shunned by people under the pretext that it was barbarous. So the fencing masters who had been constant in their devotion to fencing found it difficult to support themselves and their family. Thus idea they hit upon in order to earn their daily bread was to hold fencing shows.The paper is an investigation as to the actual state of income and expenditure accounted for after the fifteen shows of fencing between the year 11 and 19 of Meiji, which were given mainly by the fencing masters of the Kasama clan in Hitashi province (now Ibaraki Prefecture).

著者

岡田 一男

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.2, pp.1-9, 1974-03-25 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

7

著者

酒井 利信

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.2, pp.40-54, 1998-12-30 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

52

---

In ancient Japan, the concept of gods had been changed as passing of time. From this fact, it is expected that Japanese primitive faith had been changed, as sword culture was transmitted from China. In this paper, we describe transformation of primitive belief and foundation of unique Japanese sword culture, in the process of accepting sword culture.The summary is as follows:1. Sword culture influenced ancient Japanese mental world, and changed belief in the fire. This belief in the fire changed from destructive to constructive and part of this had been absorbed in the concept of sword.2. Originally, ancient people believed in god of snake that supported farming. But, as the time went by, power of god of snake had declined, and this faith was absorbed in the concept of the sword.3. Power of god of thunder had decline, too. The belief in this had concentrated at peculiar god “Takemikazuchi”, and this had been related to sword.4. The sword came to absorb concepts of fire and snake. And related to “Takemikazuchi”, it was recognized as god itself.5. From the above discussion, it is assumed that there is a unique Japanese way of thinking that sword is related to god. This is thought to be a foundation of concept of sword in Japan.

著者

巽 申直 服部 恒明

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.23-24, 1987-11-30 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

2

著者

五賀 友継 松尾 牧則

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, pp.57-72, 2020-03-31 (Released:2020-08-26)

参考文献数

80

---

The aim of this study was to consider the transition period and reasons for the name change from “kyujutsu” to “kyudo” in school kyudo clubs and publications, when the word “kyudo” appeared, and what was thought to be the differences between it and “kyujutsu”.Firstly, the transition period from “kyujutsu club” to “kyudo club” in school kyudo clubs’ names was analyzed. Starting with the renaming at Daihachi Senior High School in 1911, the transition started to gather momentum in 1919, and by 1932, the transition was almost fully underway. However, the transition to “kyudo club” was never fully completed, and from studying the transition periods at respective schools, it was difficult to determine any uniform policy or specific trends. On the other hand, with respect to publications of that period, it was possible to confirm the attempt to transition from “kyujutsu” to “kyudo” from Gendai no Kyudo published in 1918, but not locate any use of the term “kyujutsu” after the publication of Yumi (1933). By juxtaposing the renaming of kyudo clubs in schools with the transition period of publications, the transition from “kyujutsu” to “kyudo” roughly took place in the 15-year period from 1918 to 1933.Next, it was found that the reason behind the transition from “kyujutsu” to “kyudo” was to place an emphasis on the art’s spiritual aspects. However, there were differences in the opinions of kyudo archers regarding the specific details of such spiritual aspects, as well as their importance relative to physical and technical aspects. As such, it was found that a variety of differences had emerged in terms of the practitioners’ conception of kyudo, as well as their ideal training methods and means of assessment.The transition period from “kyujutsu” to “kyudo”, and the reasons behind it, differ from those of the transitions from “bujutsu” to “budo”, as well as from “jujutsu” and “kenjutsu (gekiken)” to “judo” and “kendo” as presented in the From Jutsu to Do research. What sets kyudo apart includes the fact that some kyujutsu clubs remained and the term “kyudo” was not necessarily always enforced, as well as the suggestion by some that kyujutsu is essentially a part of kyudo.

著者

大谷 崇正 内野 幸重

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, pp.77-78, 1985-11-30 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

3

著者

岡田 守方

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.2, pp.25-26, 1982-01-31 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

3