著者

魚住 孝至

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.42-52, 1993-08-31 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

25

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The Goho no Tachi no Michi is a manuscript scroll believed to have been written by Musashi Miyamoto in his own handwriting. Compared with the other handwriting of his manuscript, it also seems to be unmistakably his own handwriting. The scroll was given to Nobuyuki Terao who attended on Musashi at his deathbed and handed down to his posterity. It is written in classical Chinese quoting many classical words from Chinese classics. The document has been transcribed and published three times as the Heiho Joron (the Preface of the Strategy), but each transcript includes more than ten errors and does not render Chinese writing into Japanese. Although it was translated into Japanese once, it included too many mistakes to understand its contents correctly.After collecting the facts about the Niten-ichi-ryu school in Kumamoto, I found that a transcript, which includes marks for understanding Chinese, was given by Nobuyuki Terao to his disciple in 1666, and that two different kinds of commentaries on the manuscript written in 1700's exists today. By the help of the commentary books, it becomes possible to read and understand the manuscript accurately.In the following, the document will be devided into five paragraphs and each sentence will be translated and explicated.It seems that Goho no Tachi no Michi was written between 1642 and 1643 as the preface for the Ur-Book of Gorin. The manuscript is important because the handwriting is Musashi's and moreover it is an indispensable document for the study of the Book of Gorin.

著者

新崎 知 細谷 聡 森 俊男

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.3, pp.41-49, 1994-03-30 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

8

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The purpose of this paper was to examine correlations between efficiency of energy transfer and several indices obtained from strain gauges equipped with on a bow, and found a criterion to evaluate a shooter's technique with regard to the left hand. We analysed twisting moment and bending strain of a bow during a bow's restoration.The conclusions were as follows:1. The efficiency is significantly correlated with values of twisting moment of a bow in the latter part of the bow's restoration sequence, but not significantly correlated with values in the former part.2. The efficiency is significantly correlated with values of twisting moment integrated by time (P<.01), and with time when the maximum values of the moment is obtained (P<.05). However, it is not significantly correlated with the maximum value itself.3. Some spectrums of vibration of bending strain are negatively correlated with the efficiency, especially in the low frequency domain. The number of frequencies at which spectrums are positively correlated with the efficiency is obviously smaller than number of negative correlations. Vibration of twisting moment has little meanings in comparison with that of bending strain because of the magnitude of its energy.Some of these are widely known as an empirical law. Our conclusions are consistent with it.Consequently, the conditions of a shooter's technique to transform a bow's energy efficiently are regarded as follows:* Twisting moment integrated by time is large, and the maximum values of the moment is obtained in the latter part of the bow's restoration.* Vibration of a bow's bend in low frequency (especially, about 100Hz or 200Hz) is small.

著者

屈 国鋒 藤堂 良明 酒井 利信

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.1, pp.27-38, 2007-07-31 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

43

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This study aims to clarify the transition process from Chenshi Quanfa to Yangshi Taichi. In examining the transition process, we considered the following four questions.1. Why did the change from actual fighting to the concept of improving health and fitness occur in the minds of these two martial arts leaders?2. Did Yang try to establish Taichi with the purpose of improving health in mind from the very beginning?3. Why did Yang, who was an excellent fighter himself, make his Quanfa known as a health management method?4. What specific changes occurred over the three Yangshi generations?The answer to the first question is thought to lie in differences in social conditions, geographical factors, and the purpose of instruction. The same is true of the third question.As to the answer to the second question, we found that Yang Luchan initially tried to publicize his Taichi as an actual fighting martial art rather than designating it as a method of improving health and fitness.Based on the above analysis, we can summarize the transition process from Chenshi Quanfa to Yangshi Taichi as follows. Chenshi Quanfa, which was characterized both as an actual fighting technique and for improving health, was exported to the world outside Chen Jia Gou through the efforts of Yang Luchan. Yang Luchan and Yang Banhou lived in turbulent times, and they initially contributed much to the character of the actual fighting that featured Chenshi Quanfa. As they developed Chenshi Quanfa, however, they increasingly emphasized its usefulness for improving health to cope with social conditions, geographical factors, and differences in instruction methods. Yang Chengfu, who was Yang Luchan's grandson, established the current Yangshi Taichi, which focuses on the concept of improving health and fitness. It is the writer's belief that this process is the answer to the fourth question.

著者

大保木 輝雄

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, pp.45-52, 1976-07-31 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

17

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At the present time, some psychologist and psychiatrist have made researches in the problem of “ KI ”. They say that “ KI ” is under the control of the mind and influences other's mind. Ultimately “ KI ” is the relationship between oneself and things.But it is necessary to discuss “ KI ” from the standing of physical education or “ BUDO ”. The purpose of this article is to make clear the specifics of “ KI ”, which are thought to be the most important concept in traditional theories of martial arts.To list the terms on “KI” 663 examples, which appeared in 8 literatures written by swordsmen in the “ EDO ” era, could make the theme clear.The result of this article are summarized as follows.1) Swordsmen who had attained higher perception said that “ KI ” is such as atmosphere or features of heaven and earth, and the principale to control man's motion.2) “ KI ” is the medium between mind and body or my own self and another person.3) They directed their attention, to transforming themselves, by cultivating the “ KI ”. And it was accomplished by particular breathing exercise.4) “ KI ” is not only nominal definition, but real essence.

著者

藤田 英二 竹中 健太郎 下川 美佳 與谷 謙吾 小澤 雄二 中村 勇 小崎 亮輔 前阪 茂樹

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.1, pp.19-27, 2023 (Released:2023-11-14)

参考文献数

26

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This study investigated the effects of full-force bicycle pedaling exercise on deep body temperature and exerted power while wearing kendo-gu with a mask and face shield in a hot and humid environment. The subjects were eight male university kendo athletes. All subjects wore kendo-gi and kendo-gu but the experiments were conducted under two conditions: one with the subjects wearing a mask and face shield and the other without a mask and face shield. The experiments were conducted in a climate chamber with the WBGT (wet bulb globe temperature) set at 28. Intermittent, full-force pedaling exercises using a bicycle ergometer with a 15-minute rest period in between exercises. Changes in core body temperature during rest and the rate of decrease in exerted power during the two full-force pedaling exercises were examined. The results showed that wearing a mask and face shield caused an increase in deep body temperature during the resting period between exercises, and a decrease in exerted power during the post-rest exercise. These results suggest that wearing masks and face shields in a hot and humid environment in kendo training may increase the risk of heat stroke and affects the quality of training.

著者

坪井 三郎 中野 八十二 福本 修二

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, no.1, pp.37, 1968-12-25 (Released:2012-11-27)

著者

稲垣 源四郎

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.163-164, 1990-11-30 (Released:2012-11-27)

著者

加賀 勝

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.181-182, 1987-11-30 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

3

著者

大石 純子

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.Supplement, pp.40, 1992 (Released:2012-11-27)

著者

酒井 利信

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.36-44, 1990-07-31 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1

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The thought that recognizes swords to be transcendent existed in the ancient times, and the swords had the character of ceremonial outfit. In the Middle Ages, common swords that were used as a practical weapon, also had this thought.The purpose of this study is to consider a view of swords in the Middle Ages from “GUNKIMONOGATARI”, and to make it clear what existed in the bottom of people's consciousness that formed this view, and what is features of this view.The results can be summarized as follows.1. Image of the myth, that existed in the bottom of people's consciousness, formed a view of swords in the Middle Ages.2. In the Middle Ages, swords themselves suggested the metaphorical God that existed behind.

著者

笠井 哲

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.1, pp.1-11, 1989-07-31 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

52

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The purpose of this article is to elucidate the significance of the concept of “The Way of Heaven”(Tendo). First, the concept of “The Way of Heaven” in some enlightenment books, such as Shingakugorinsho, etc., is examined. Next, the meaning of “The Way of Heaven” in the secret books of martial arts, such as Heihokadensho, etc., is defined. Through a comparison of these two concepts of “The Way of Heaven” follows, the similarities between the two schools of thoughts in discussed.The results of this article are summarized as follows:1) Originally “The Way of Heaven” includes not only the rules of nature but also the rules of morals or “The Way of Man” (Jindo). “The Way of Heaven” as found in the enlightenment books, such as Shingakugorinsho, etc., supports the ideology of the Tokugawa Bakufu, and is based on the unification of the three schools of thoughts, Shinto, Confucianism, and Buddhism.2) “The Way of Heaven” in the secret books of martial arts, such as Heihokadensho, is derived from San-Rue, and permits the unavoidable fight in the cause of justice. This idea was considered suitable for the policy of the Tokugawa Bakufu. According to the written prayer (Kishoumon), “The Way of Heaven” was considered to be a god or buddha. In other words, “The Way of Heaven” in Martial Arts was also considered to have a commonality with both Shintoism and Buddhism.3) As has been examined in this paper, the idea of “The Way of Heaven” in the enlightenment writings and the martial arts writings of the Edo Period contained various and complex meanings, borrowing from the different philosophical and cultural traditions of the Period. In short, “The Way of Heaven”is a “master key”, which elucidates the commonality of Shinto, Confucian, and Buddhist thoughts, as well as martial arts. Therefore, the philosophical thought of martial arts compares favorably with the three schools of thoughts (Shinto, Confucianism, and Buddhism) through the foundation of “The Way of Heaven”.

著者

岸野 雄三

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.3, pp.1-8, 1990-03-31 (Released:2012-11-27)

著者

三星 暢公 長舩 哲齊 Harvard LYMAN 松本 茂 小川 光哉 塔尾 武夫

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.2, pp.31-39, 2001-11-30 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

23

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The bacterial flora of the dohyo (sumo ring) has received little attention. If the flora are identified then treatment or prevention of any bacteriallesions or infections incurred by the wrestlers is possible. In the present study, using the automatic identification kit, the VITEK Auto Microbic System or Automatic Tests in Bacteriology, we describe the bacterial flora found in the dohyo over the four seasons of the year. Anaerobic bacteria, such as Clostridium tetani, were found, a possible source of serious infection. The exotoxin formed by Clostridium tetani, the causative agent of lockjaw tetanic spasm, is also neurotoxin. Nippon Sport Science University's dohyo is not a possible. source of infection by the spores of Clostridium tetani as the dohyo in the University is well maintained.

著者

森 俊男 細谷 聡

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.Supplement, pp.71, 2001 (Released:2012-11-27)

著者

小林 義雄

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.27-28, 1986 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

14

著者

林 伯原

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.3, pp.35-43, 1999-05-31 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

43

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In Qing Dynasty with the development of Taoism in the lower strata of the society, the qigong ways of Taoism became popular in the lower strata. This made the turning point that wushu combined with qigong together to practise. Qigong not only can build up a powerful physique but also can cure illness. Under proper conditions qigong can make human physiological function change so that the men practising qigong can produce superer ability than ordinary persons. So, not only some folk wushu experts put qigong in wushu practice but also the tendency of putting qigong in wushu practice widely appeared in the nongovernment religious groups which were against Qing Dynasty. In the dynasty there were two ways to practise both together wushu and qigong: one was combining practice, that is practising qigong while practising wushu; the other one was practising wushu and practising qigong not at the same time. When practising wushu and qigong separately there were also two methods: one was meditating qigong, the other was movement method meaning while practising the doer must pay special attention to his breath, consciousness and exercise in order to coordinate qigong. In Qing Dynasty forming the practice of combining wushu with qigong made wushu have greater vitality and promoted the development of wushu in modern times.

著者

森 俊男

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.3, pp.9-18, 2004-03-31 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

23

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I The purpose of this study was to compare:1. bow length,2. shape and size of grip3. grip position between Shosoin round wood bows (15 samples) and Oyamazumi Shrine composite bows (9 samples).II Differences in shooting techniques between the middle of the 8th and 14th Centuries were also examined.1. Relationship between drawing length (50,60,70,80,90 cm), grip position and angle of grip (angle between Blip and vertical line when in NOBIAI) was measured.2. Angle of grip while students were in full draw was also measured.3. Pictures of shooting scenes (Zanshin posture) in Japanese war roll paintings ware examined to determine how the left hand was used in those times. Conclusions from the comparison between bows from Shosoin and Oyamazumi Shrines were:1. Length of the bow increased from round wood bow to composite bow.2. Drawing length also increased.3. Grip position became higher.Differences in Kyudo techniques between both periods ware:1. Longer drawing arrow length in composite bow changed the way of aiming.2. Techniques of HOOZUKE and MUNAZURU started after the change to drawing longer arrows.3. Three pictures from two different kinds of War roll paintings made in the beginning of 13th Century described Tsunomi (Tenouchi) work were found.4. Reason of changing grip position for the composite bow was to adjust the angle of bow grip.If the same position as a round wood bow was used, to twist the bow in HANARE became difficult. Mobility of the left-hand wrist towards TSUNOMI direction became smaller when the wrist bent too far downwards.The change in bows design not only producced progress in bow efficiency but also in shooting techniques during the 13th Century.

著者

工藤 龍太

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, pp.39-55, 2020-03-31 (Released:2020-08-26)

参考文献数

100

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The purpose of this study is to examine the researches on atemi-waza by Kano Jigoro, the founder of judo, and his pupils to clarify the development of the theory of judo as a martial art during the prewar Showa era. The main points are summarized as follows:According to Kano, atemi-waza should be practiced in the shobuho (the martial arts system of judo) kata as part of the judo system. It was a dangerous technique which had the potential to kill or wound an opponent, but as judo is a martial art, it was also an essential technique. Kano created the “Seiryoku-Zenyo-Kokumin-Taiiku” (Maximum- Efficiency National Physical Education) in which there is solo practice that, starting from shizentai (natural posture), teaches atemi-waza that use the hands and feet. Through this kata, Kano’s aim was for practitioners to achieve all of the shobuho, taiikuho (the physical education system of judo) and shushinho (the intellectual and moral system of judo).Seiryoku-Zenyo-Kokumin-Taiiku became a model method for practitioners to learn atemi-waza, and it was a kata method adopted in judo which had become a compulsory subject in school physical education in 1931. Based on this kata, other new atemi-waza kata were devised into which research was carried out regarding their physical education aspects. Concerning its martial art aspects, research was more developed in times of war. Nango Jiro , the second Kodokan president, also studied and trained in atemi-waza and established an in-house atemi-waza research committee at the Kodokan in 1942, and conducted systematic research into it.Tomiki Kenji, who trained in judo and aikijujutsu, conceived judo as a comprehensive combat art that integrated both kendo and judo principles. In the thesis “The systematic study of techniques while maintaining distance in judo” (1942), Tomiki regarded atemi-waza as the opening technique of an attack which could change into a throwing technique or joint-locking technique. Tomiki thought that atemi-waza using the hand blade from hanmi (oblique stance) was important. He transformed Kano’s dangerous atemi-waza into another which was based on the principle of throwing techniques in judo. The purpose of that atemi-waza was to touch and topple the opponent by using the hand blade.Regarding the development of the theory of judo as a martial art, on the assumption that atemi-waza was an essential technique, there were two research directions: the pursuit of killing techniques and the technical uniqueness of judo.

著者

加藤 純一

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.3, pp.32-40, 1989-03-25 (Released:2012-11-27)

参考文献数

29

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Kata (form) has been of extreme significance in Ryuha (school) from the birth of martial arts. This is because it is the essence of a situation which is a matter of victory and defeat, or life and death. For this reason, I have been studying the Shinkage-Yagyu-Ryu in Owari during the Tokugawa era. I especially studied its early stage.In this paper, I studied books on the martial arts to see how Kata are passed on in the Ryu. The summary is as follows;1. Muneyoshi YAGYU set up Shinkage-Yagyu-Ryu on the basis of Kata which Hidetsuna KAMIIZUMI had brought into Shinkage-Ryu.2. Muneyoshi not only implemented Hidetsuna's Kata as they were but also put in new Kata or removed several of them. These modifications show how he added his own personality to the original Kata.3. Muto-dori (the way of taking an enemy's sword) is one of his originals, it is a secret of Shinkage-Yagyu-Ryu. The process of making up the Muto-dori is as follows; Hakka-hissyo→Marobashi→Muto-dori. Such a sequence means that both mind and body act in union to perform Muto-dori.

著者

西森 大 和田 崇 小日向 藍菜 アレキサンダー ベネット

出版者

日本武道学会

雑誌

武道学研究 (ISSN:02879700)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.3, pp.223-247, 2017-03-31 (Released:2018-03-12)