著者

志々目 友博

出版者

Japan Society on Water Environment

雑誌

水環境学会誌 = Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.8, pp.469-476, 2006-08-10

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

1 1

---

The amounts of Co-PCB emission in Tokyo Bay basin were estimated using a multimedia environmental model, the CoZMo-POP model, which was developed for describing the long-term fate of persistent organic pollutatnts (POPs) in a coastal environment. The Co-PCB concentrations in sediment estimated using the model effectively explained the chronological changes in the concentrations in substances that settled at the bottom of sea water, which were estimated by a sediment mixing model based on the concentrations in sediment core samples. Furthermore, the estimated chronological changes in the amounts of Co-PCB emission in each year were in agreement with the chronological changes in PCB demand in Japan.

著者

村上 光正 吉識 忠継 浦上 良樹

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 = Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.4, pp.307-314, 1995-04-10

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

3 4

---

A system with a submerged biofilter was employed for purifing pond water. The slime on the biofilm has a high ability of adsorption of pollutants when BOD loading is below one tenth of the ordinary. The circulating number, the ratio of the flow rate to the pond volume, is important for total purifing system. The number is 1-2d-1 under the conditions in which the flow of the pond is complete mixing type, the specific growth rate of algae is 0.5-1d-1, and the removal ratio of SS is 0.5.The experimental biofilter bed for the pond water of 450m3 was 0.45m width with a depth of 0.6m. The bed packed with the media of 22mm pitch corrugated plates was elongated about 80m to introduce the adsorption ability and to deduce the excess sludge and was not aerated. The result showed that the quality of the pond water maintained BOD 1mg·l-1, SS 0.9mg·l-1, and transparency > 100cm. The removal ratio of SS on the bed was about 60%.This is an energy saving system because the filtering head of the bed is lower than that of filters such as a sand filter or a filter cloth.

著者

土井 麻記子 高村 嘉幸 深津 和彦 鴻野 雅一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 = Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.5, pp.343-348, 2004-05-10

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An economical and simple method of evaluating the impact of water discharged into natural ecosystems was examined using an ecosystem model. An ecosystem model containing medaka and water grass (Egeria densa) was prepared. The three water types used were underground water polluted with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including trichloroethylene, and diluted with tap water, effluent water that was treated with a biological treatment system; and tap water. Spawning and hatching, mainained hepato-somatic index (HSI), gonac somatic index (GSI) and concentration of vitellogenin (VTG) were monitored. The polluted water, the spawning and hatching of medaka were normal, but the growth of the water grass was restricted although trichloroethylene had been volatilized by pumping air through the water. In contrast, fish that were held in aquarium that contained treated water appeared almost the same as fish bred in tap water, exhibiting no abnormalities in spawning, hatching, or growth. In addition, water grass did not degenerate in such an environment. The areas for improvement of this evaluation method were identified. It is not yet known which types of water are the best controls for the tests.

著者

吉田 寧子 村上 雅志 藤本 英治 竹田 菊男

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 = Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.1, pp.41-46, 2004-01-10

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

2

---

Alkylphenolpolyethoxylates (APEOs) have been widely used as nonionic surfactants in various industrial and commercial products. There are two different degradation pathways of APEO. One is the gradual degradation of AP(n)EO to AP(n-1)EO, to subsequent degradation products, and finally to alkylphenol (AP). The other is through the formation of alkylphenol ethoxy acetic acid (APEC). We examined the quantitation method for these substances related to APEO [NP(1-15)EO, OP(1-10)EO, NP(1-10)EC] by high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. Method detection limits (MDL), calculated from the replicate analyses of spiked deionized water, were 0.0018 [NP(4)EO]-0.0095[NP(8)EO] (<i>&mu;</i>g&middot;<i>l</i>^-1), 0.0048[OP(5)EO]-0.0090[OP(7)EO] (<i>&mu;</i>g&middot;<i>l</i>^-1), 0.0038[NP(8)EC]-0.0072[NP(5)EC] (<i>&mu;</i>g&middot;<i>l</i>^-1). The quantitation method that we developed has sufficiently low detection limits and can be applied to the influent and final effluent of a sewage treatment plant.

著者

渡辺 直

出版者

日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 = Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.12, pp.932-937, 1995-12-10

参考文献数

45

被引用文献数

1

著者

甲斐田 泰彦 犬養 吉成 安田 誠二 山下 武広 迎 勝也 境 正志 津留 壽昭

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 = Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.9, pp.547-552, 2002-09-10

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

3 4

---

A boron adsorption material for treating wastewater containing boron was synthesized from various types of saccharides and polyallylamine resin. The adsorption properties of boron were investigated by the batch and column methods using model wastewater. In the synthetic reaction for the D(+)-mannose-type polyallylamine resin, the optimum mole ratio of D(+)-mannose to one unit of polyallylamine was 1.0. Furthermore, the optimum reaction time and temperature of the synthetic reaction were found to be 24 hours and 35&deg;C, respectively. The amount of boron adsorbed on the D(+)-mannose-type polyallylamine resin exceeded 0.5 mM&middot;g^-1 in the pH range of 2-12, and boron could be effectively adsorb onto the D(+)-mannose-type polyallylamine resin from model wastewater. At the optimum pH of 8.5, the maximum quantity of boron adsorbed was 2.06 mM&middot;g^-1. The adsorption isotherm of boron on the D(+)-mannose-type polyallylamine resin follows Freundlich's equation in the equilibrium concentration range from 0.045 mM&middot;<i>l</i>^-1 to 15.0 mM&middot;<i>l</i>^-1 at 25&deg;C. When a feed solution containing 2.0 mM&middot;<i>l</i>^-1 boron was pumped into the D(+)-mannose-type polyallylamine resin column, the volume of effluent containing less than 0.02 mM&middot;<i>l</i>^-1 boron was about 311 times the bed volume, which was about 3.3 times the column of Amberlite IRA-743. The boron that was adsorbed on the D(+)-mannose-type polyallylamine resin column was easily eluted with a 1.0 M&middot;<i>l</i>^-1 hydrochloric acid solution, and the elution ratio was 100.6% of the adsorbed boron on the column.

著者

白井 康子 池田 滋 伊藤 英夫 横井 聰

出版者

Japan Society on Water Environment

雑誌

水環境学会誌 = Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.12, pp.661-664, 2009-12-10

被引用文献数

3

---

Japanese rose bitterling, <I>Rhodeus ocellatus kurumeus</I>, is an endangered freshwater fish in Japan. Both the expansion of the habitat of an alien subspecies, <I>R. o. ocellatus</I>, and the increased chances of hybridization between the two subspecies have threatened the genetic identity of <I>R. o. kurumeus</I>. To conserve <I>R. o. kurumeus</I> in Kagawa Prefecture, 17 populations were genetically monitored in 2006. Two individuals in a pond were found to harbor <I>R. o. ocellatus</I> type mitochondrial DNA through PCR-RFLP analysis. Then the contaminated population was transplanted to a closed Bio-top water system to prevent contamination in other ponds. Three-day pond drying was found to be insufficient to eradicate <I>R. ocellatus</I>.

著者

高村 典子

出版者

日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 = Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.12, pp.948-953, 1995-12-10

参考文献数

20

著者

中曽根 英雄 山下 泉 黒田 久雄 加藤 亮

出版者

Japan Society on Water Environment

雑誌

水環境学会誌 = Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.6, pp.374-377, 2000-06-10

被引用文献数

10 16

---

We found a special irrigation reservoir in which there are no algae, insects, or fish. Therefore, we have surveyed the water quality of an irrigation reservoir to find the reason for no living creatures. As the results of the survey, we found three factors such as high nitrate concentration, high aluminum concentration, and low pH value which will affect the lives of creatures in this irrigation reservoir. Among these three factors, the most important one is low pH in this irrigation reservoir. This low pH of the irrigation reservoir is derived from the overuse of nitrogen fertilizer at tea yards. About 1,000kg · ha^-1 · y^-1 of nitrogen fertilizer has been used to the tea yards for a long time. The remained nitrogen fertilizer which was not taken up by tea crop infiltrates through soils and enters into the ground water. This causes an over the Cation Exchange Capacity of soil and high aluminum concentration of this irrigation reservoir. To prevent this phenomenon from occurring, dozing lime under the root zone and reducing use of nitrogen fertilizer might be effective.

著者

佐々木 久雄 西村 修 須藤 隆一

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 = Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.7, pp.581-586, 1999-07

被引用文献数

2

---

People usually evaluate the amenity of water environment by transparence to look at water. Water transparence is measured by transparency or transparency by cylinder test. However, these methods have some defects such as difficulties in measuring at shallow and clean waters, because transparency is limited by water depth and transparency by cylinder test is limited by length of a cylinder. Moreover, the lack of objectivity is pointed out, since transparency measuring is due to personal sensitivity. To conquer these problems, we designed a measuring method of horizontal transparency, and developed a measuring equipment by using an eye-test chart and a waterproof camera. We applied this method to water quality investigation of Matsushima Bay, Miyagi prefecture, and studied the characteristics of horizontal transparency comparing with transparency, transparency by cylinder test and so on. The results obtained were as follows; (1)Horizontal transparevcy has superior objectivity, because evaluation by plural number of people diminish personal errors. (2)Horizontal transparency is possible to express water transparence quantitatively without any limits, though conventional methods cannot apply to relatively clear and shallow waters. (3)Horizontal transparency has a very good correlation between not only transparency but also turbidity and suspended solids that are mainly affect to transparency. (4)The sense of visitors and fishermen about the water quality of Matsuhima Bay can be represented by horizontal transparency.

著者

高見 徹 丸山 俊朗 鈴木 祥広 三浦 昭雄

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 = Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.1, pp.29-34, 1999-01-10

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In the short-term bioassay using Porphyra yezoensis conchospores, it is basically important to clarify the most appropriate exposure period and end point to evaluate the effects of toxicants on the growth of Porphyra yezoensis conchospores. In this study, short-term bioassays (120 hours) were conducted on copper (Cu) and monochloramine (NH2Cl), which have different chemical characteristics. Three kinds of end points (survival ratio, germination ratio and growth ratio) at exposure periods every 24 hours were compared to define the most appropriate exposure period and end point.The minimum LOECs (lowest-observed-effect concentration) for Cu occurred at exposure period of 96 hours in the three kinds of end points. The 96-h LOECs from the survival ratio, the germination ratio and the growth ratio were 0.046 ± 0.026mg Cu·l-1 (n=5), 0.033 ± 0.027mg Cu·l-1 (n=5), 0.021 ± 0.019mg Cu·l-1 (n=5), respectively. The minimum LOECs for NH2Cl occurred at exposure period of 96 hours in the survival ratio and the growth ratio of 0.093 ± 0.026mg Cl2·l-1 (n=5) and 0.038 ± 0.016mg Cl2·l-1 (n=5), respectively. The minimum LOEC (0.036 ± 0.000mg Cl2·l-1, n=5) for NH2Cl from the germination ratio occurred at the exposure period of 48 hours.Therefore, taking into account of the simplicity of bioassay and its sensitivity to toxicants, it is concluded that the most appropriate exposure period and end point is 96 hours for Cu and 48 hours for NH2Cl judging from the end point of the germination ratio.

著者

蒔苗 靖子 渡部 徹 大村 達夫 遠藤 銀朗

出版者

日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 = Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.12, pp.771-777, 2000-12-10

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Outbreaks of infectious diseases by new pathogenic microorganisms through water utilization have been reported in recent years. Especially, Legionnaires' disease has been recognized as a serious problem in modern societies since a high concentration of <i>Legionella pneumophila</i> often exist in water environment (such as cooling tower, bath water, recreational water) close to human activities. In this study, the quantitative detection method (colony-hybridization) for <i>L. pneumophila</i> was developed by combining the hybridization with the plate culture method. The developed detection method enabled <i>L. pneumophila</i> to be enumerated in various water samples. It was possible to quantify <i>L. pneumophila</i> without interferences of other bacteria by this method in case that the number of total coliforms on the plate was less than 10³ CFU.

著者

杉崎 健司 岩田 照史 竹内 雍

出版者

Japan Society on Water Environment

雑誌

水環境学会誌 = Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.5, pp.285-291, 2000-05-10

被引用文献数

2 4

---

Eutrophication proceeds in many lakes, marshes and ponds with an unusual growth of algae so that it became a serious problem in especially urban areas. Though many approaches were made to improve the eutrophicati on in the past, e.g., oxidation treatments represented by ultraviolet radiation and ozonation showed rather high effect to reduce algae. Also, an electric disinfection treatment represented by use of electrolysis to produce strongly acidic water is attracting more attention than before, because of strongly acidic and to produce a free chlorine.<br>The authors performed an experimental study focusing on the electrolytic oxidation treatment of algae in lake and marsh water, to examine its effect on the disinfection of algae using a batch- and circulation-type apparatus of laboratory scale.<br>As for the electrolytic oxidation treatment, it showed a great effect on the disinfection of algae. It was found also that there was a correlation between the effect and the quantity of electricity. It was found, further more, that a free chlorine produced by the electrolytic oxidation enhanced the disinfection of algae. On a continuous electrolytic oxidation treatment, the electrolytic cell used for the experiment made more than 24s · A in contact reaction time necessary.

著者

橋本 温 河井 健作 西崎 綾 松本 かおり 平田 強

出版者

公益社団法人 日本水環境学会

雑誌

水環境学会誌 = Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.4, pp.282-287, 1999-04

被引用文献数

5

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In order to investigate the occurrence and indicator of protozoa in water, water samples were collected from 11 points along the Sagami River and its tributaries for 9 months. The concentrations of Cryptosporidiurn oocysts, Giardia cysts and potential indicators (presumptive Clostridium perfringens spores, Escherichia coli, coliforms, aerobic spores and turbidity) were analyzed. Cryptosporidium oocysts were detected at 10 of the 11 sampling points (GM 34 presumptive oocysts·100l-1, 24 confirmed oocysts·100l-1) and Giardia cysts were detected at all sampling points (GM 30 presumptive cysts·100l-1, 12 confirmed cysts·100l-1). Based on a regression analysis, the concentrations of presumptive C.perfringens spores and E.coli were significantly correlated with the concentrations of protozoa. In a multiple regression analysis, the concentration of presumptive C.perfringens spores, E.coli and aerobic spores were selected as explanatory variables for the protozoan concentrations. The results indicated that presumptive C.perfringens spores, aerobic spores and E.coli were useful indicators for protozoan contamination.

著者

辰巳 健一 中埜渡 丈嘉 成田 隆広 眞柄 泰基 橘 治国

出版者

Japan Society on Water Environment

雑誌

水環境学会誌 = Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.5, pp.289-296, 2002-05-10

被引用文献数

1 3

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Mine wastewater and hot spring water flow into the Toyohira River, a source of water for Sapporo City. Since the concentrations of components contained in such water change with the flow regime of the river, water quality management is considered a difficult challenge. The authors focused on the dynamic state of arsenic compounds, and found that hot spring water contains these arsenic compounds in dissolved state at high concentrations and that the characteristics of pulled runoff change from point source pollution (dilution pollution) to non point source pollution (runoff load increase pollution) in the flow process of the river. This change seems to closely involve water storage in dams, and we gathered that arsenic as a component of hot spring water entering the Toyohira River accumulates in dam sediment by absorption in silt and clay and that the runoff and re-dissolution of silt and clay at times of high flow rate causes the runoff and return of arsenic to the river. It was revealed that sediment in dams is a potential source of arsenic pollution.

著者

中井 智司 山根 小雪 細見 正明

出版者

Japan Society on Water Environment

雑誌

水環境学会誌 = Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.11, pp.726-730, 2000-11-10

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

3 4

---

Four polyphenols, gallic acid (GA), ellagic acid (EA), pyrogallic acid (PA), and (+)-catechin (CAT), released from <i>Myriophyllum spicatum</i>, are anti-algal allelochemicals. In this paper, we investigated the inhibitory effects of each of these polyphenols on blue-green algae (<i>Microcystis aeruginosa</i> and <i>Phormidium tenue</i>), green algae (<i>Selenastrum capricornutum</i> and <i>Scenedesmus quadricauda</i>), and diatoms (<i>Nitzschia palea</i> and <i>Achnanthes minutissima</i>). We also determined the collective actions of the 4 polyphenols on the inhibition of algal growth.<br>Among the 6 algae, <i>M. aeruginosa</i> was the only one whose growth was significantly inhibited by each of the 4 polyphenols, while PA, GA, and EA each caused some degree of growth inhibition in <i>P. tenue</i> and the 2 green algae. Because none of the 4 polyphenols showed any inhibitory effect on growth of <i>N. palea</i> and growth of <i>A. minutissima</i> was not inhibited by PA, GA or CAT, diatoms appear to have strong resistance to such polyphenols. The algal assays we used to investigate the collective effects of polyphenols showed that (<i>i</i>) blue-green algae, <i>M. aeruginosa</i> and <i>P. tenue</i> were most sensitive to the synergistic actions of PA, GA and CAT, and (<i>ii</i>) the synergistic actions toward the 2 green algae and the 2 diatoms were concentration-dependent. These results indicate the possible feasibility of selectively controlling growth of blue-green algae through use of these polyphenols and/or the allelopathic effects of <i>M. spicatum</i>. Measurement of the autoxidation rates of the 4 polyphenols suggests that (<i>i</i>) their inhibitory effects on the growth of <i>M. aeruginosa</i> could be caused by products of their autoxidation, such as radicals, and (<i>ii</i>) the synergistic action of PA, GA and CAT might be due to acceleration of their autoxidation resulting in increasing production of such autoxidation products.

著者

大橋 優子 亀屋 隆志 小林 剛

出版者

Japan Society on Water Environment

雑誌

水環境学会誌 = Journal of Japan Society on Water Environment (ISSN:09168958)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.9, pp.533-539, 2008-09-10

被引用文献数

1

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Soil contamination by toxic anions has become a serious problem, because of their persistence for a longtime and their diffusion into underground water. In this study, the adsorption equilibria for three hazardous anions of As(V), Se(IV), and Cr(VI) were investigated in a wide concentration range for four types of soilunder the condition of coexisting of competitive anions. The adsorption amount of toxic anions was altered by 20∼40 fold depending on the type of soil, Ando soil, Brown Forest soil >> Glay Upland soil> Terrestrial Rego soil. Metal anion adsorption was hindered by coexisting anions, particularly hydroxide ion, and competitive adsorption could be quantitatively expressed using the multiple isotherm equation proposed in this study. From the quantitative investigation analysis, the effect of the concentration change in liquid phase did not depend on the type of soil, but could be approximated by a constant for each anion. On the basis of experimental results, the behavior of the toxic metal anions in contaminated soils could be estimated by examining the adsorption isotherms for the soils and its pH dependence.