4 0 0 0 OA 書評
4 0 0 0 OA 行動科学の基礎 社会心理学へのインパクトを中心に
- 著者
- 飽戸 弘
- 出版者
- 科学基礎論学会
- 雑誌
- 科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.9, no.4, pp.160-169, 1970-03-30 (Released:2009-09-04)
- 参考文献数
- 14
4 0 0 0 OA 社会科学方法論の現状と科学哲学
- 著者
- 富永 健一
- 出版者
- 科学基礎論学会
- 雑誌
- 科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.7, no.4, pp.156-163, 1966-03-30 (Released:2009-09-04)
4 0 0 0 OA Stanfordにおける1960年科学基礎論国際会議
4 0 0 0 OA 心理学における数学的モデル
- 著者
- 小野 茂
- 出版者
- 科学基礎論学会
- 雑誌
- 科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.5, no.1, pp.40-45, 1960-12-25 (Released:2009-09-04)
- 参考文献数
- 31
4 0 0 0 OA 形式主義の立場から I
- 著者
- 竹内 外史
- 出版者
- 科学基礎論学会
- 雑誌
- 科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.2, no.2, pp.265-269, 1956-01-15 (Released:2009-09-04)
- 著者
- 西條 剛央
- 出版者
- 科学基礎論学会
- 雑誌
- 科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.40, no.2, pp.93-114, 2013-03-25
- 被引用文献数
- 1
The purpose of this paper is to show the philosophical functions of structural constructivism by solving the fundamental problems of the philosophy of science and providing a theoretical basis for the human sciences. Firstly, the paper explains the basic principles and concepts of structural constructivism. Secondly, it identifies the difficult problems that previous notable scholars could not solve in the science of philosophy. Thirdly, it argues that by applying the structuralist of the philosophy of science and structural constructivism, those philosophical problems can be resolved and a theoretical basis for the human sciences can be established. This indicates the theoretical and epistemological superiority of structural constructivism.
4 0 0 0 生物進化と文化進化におけるモジュール性
- 著者
- 中尾 央
- 出版者
- 科学基礎論学会
- 雑誌
- 科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.40, no.1, pp.1-8, 2012
- 参考文献数
- 46
This paper analyzes modularity in biological and cultural evolution. Evolutionarily modularized or quasi-independent biological traits can vary relatively independently from other traits and have higher variability, and developmentally modularized biological traits have robust developmental processes and higher variability and heritability. First, I point out that these two concepts should not be confused. Second, by focusing on the concept of evolutionary modularity, I argue that it can increase (and actually have increased at least in some cases) evolvability also in the context of cultural evolution if cultures are modularized through looking at some specific examples of cultural evolution.
4 0 0 0 外界の存在と時間規定:カントの観念論論駁
- 著者
- 中島 義道
- 出版者
- JAPAN ASSOCIATION FOR PHILOSOPHY OF SCIENCE
- 雑誌
- 科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.15, no.3, pp.137-141, 1981
カントは『純粋理性批判』第2版 (1787年) において「先験的原則論4.経験的思惟一般の要請」の中に, 「観念論論駁」という一節を付け加えている。ここにカントの意図するのは, デカルトの2元論 (rescogitans, resextensa) に由来する「外界の存在証明」という難問を解決することである。<BR>その位置は「現実性」についての説明の最後のところである。カントは第2版に次の一文を挿入することにより, 「現実性」と「観念論論駁」との橋渡しをしている。<BR>「現存在 (Dasein) を間接的に証明しようとするこれらの規則に, だが観念論は強く反対する。ここで観念論論駁を行なうのが適当であろう。 (B274) 」「観念論論駁」のこの位置は, カントにおいては「外界の存在証明」が「現実性 (Wirklichkeit) 」という様相のレベルで問題になっているということを示している。現存在 (Dasein) は現実性 (Wirklichkeit) と同義である。この橋渡しの上で, 私の現存在 (MeinDasein) の意識から私の外の物の現存在 (Dasein einesDingesauBermir) を証明することが, カソトの目標である。<BR>その場合, カントの視点は一貫して「時間規定 (Zeitbestimmung) 」である。ここに「感性論」における「主観の形式」としての時間とは異なった時間理解が現われている。一口で言えば, それは物理学的測定可能な時間である。本稿の目的は「時間規定を通じての外界の存在証明」というカントの試みを再検討し, それによリカントの時間理解の一端をうかがうことである。 (1)
3 0 0 0 OA ポパーにおける「科学の方法」
- 著者
- 浦本 勲
- 出版者
- 科学基礎論学会
- 雑誌
- 科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.15, no.2, pp.87-90, 1981-03-30 (Released:2010-05-07)
- 参考文献数
- 31
- 著者
- 西條 剛央
- 出版者
- 科学基礎論学会
- 雑誌
- 科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.40, no.2, pp.93-114, 2013-03-25 (Released:2017-08-01)
- 参考文献数
- 59
- 被引用文献数
- 1
The purpose of this paper is to show the philosophical functions of structural constructivism by solving the fundamental problems of the philosophy of science and providing a theoretical basis for the human sciences. Firstly, the paper explains the basic principles and concepts of structural constructivism. Secondly, it identifies the difficult problems that previous notable scholars could not solve in the science of philosophy. Thirdly, it argues that by applying the structuralist of the philosophy of science and structural constructivism, those philosophical problems can be resolved and a theoretical basis for the human sciences can be established. This indicates the theoretical and epistemological superiority of structural constructivism.
3 0 0 0 OA 信念・知識・可能性 ゲティア反例の多領域様相論理による分析を通じて
- 著者
- 細川 雄一郎
- 出版者
- 科学基礎論学会
- 雑誌
- 科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.47, no.1, pp.15-34, 2019 (Released:2019-11-07)
- 参考文献数
- 32
- 被引用文献数
- 1
By applying the extended system of modal logic developed in [32], we present a logical analysis of the Gettier problem. Based on the result, in particular, we clarify the following point. In the literature on the Gettier problem, most authors seem to share the opinion that in general ‘belief’ precedes ‘knowledge’: we believe a proposition while we do not necessarily believe ourselves to have known it to be true. Interestingly, our analysis suggests that the story is the other way round in a sense: in general, for some proposition p, we believe that we have known that p, then we believe that p. Accordingly, even if given some reason for wanting to believe that p, we usually do not have the bare belief that p. Instead, in such a situation, more deliberately we think that it might be that p, or it can be hypothesized that p. Then, we can say, what we have at the start is not the bare belief that p, but “might possibility” or “hypothetical possibility” that p, which presumably involves abductive reasoning.
3 0 0 0 OA 心的概念の不確実性の問題 —ウィトゲンシュタインの「心理学の哲学」の観点から—
- 著者
- 谷田 雄毅
- 出版者
- 科学基礎論学会
- 雑誌
- 科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.49, no.1, pp.1-14, 2021 (Released:2021-12-14)
- 参考文献数
- 39
In this paper, we discuss an uncertainty of mental concepts. In the application of mental concepts, we often face disagreement. For example, observing a behavior, some person judges he/she is sad, but others do not. Surprisingly, in his Last Writings on the Philosophy of Psychology, Wittgenstein says that there is an uncertainty of criteria in the mental concepts. In other words, he thinks disagreement in judgements about other’s mental state originates from conceptual dimension rather than empirical dimension. (e.g., differences in context and information quantity) The goal of our study is to clarify why mental concepts have this kind of uncertainty.
3 0 0 0 OA 社会科学における理念型とモデル 社会科学の科学方法論再考
3 0 0 0 OA 大塚淳著『統計学を哲学する』書評
- 著者
- 松王 政浩
- 出版者
- 科学基礎論学会
- 雑誌
- 科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.49, no.1, pp.65-68, 2021 (Released:2021-12-14)
3 0 0 0 OA ゲンツェンを読む : 三つの無矛盾性証明の統一的解釈
- 著者
- 秋吉 亮太 高橋 優太
- 出版者
- 科学基礎論学会
- 雑誌
- 科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.41, no.1, pp.1-22, 2013-11-30 (Released:2017-08-31)
- 参考文献数
- 50
- 被引用文献数
- 1 2
Gentzen proved the consistency of elementary arithmetic (i.e. first-order Peano arithmetic) in 1936 before his most famous and influential proof in 1938. The consistency proof in 1936 contains some ambiguous parts and seems to be quite different from his consistency proof in 1938. The aim of the consistency proof in 1936 is "to give finitist sense" to provable formula. In this paper, we give an exact reconstruction of the consistency proof in 1936 and claim that "to give finitist sense" is a uniform idea behind Gentzen's three consistency proofs including the proof in 1938. First we explain Gentzen's basic ideas of the proof in 1936 in detail. In particular, the idea of finitist interpretation and the main structure of the proof are explained. Secondly, we define a reduction step via the modern method of proof theory called "finite notation for infinitary derivations" due to Mints-Buchholz. It is shown that the reduction essentially coincides with Gentzen's reduction in 1936. Especially we give a definition of "normalization tree" describing Gentzen's reduction step. Moreover, the well-foundedness of this tree is proved. The well-foundedness of the normalization tree implies the consistency of elementary arithmetic. Together with Buchholz's analysis of Gentzen's 1938 consistency proof, this shows that the proof in 1938 is just a special case of the proof in 1936. Thirdly, we clarify what the normalization tree is. According to Gentzen, the normalization tree makes us possible to see the "correctness" of a provable formula in elementary arithmetic. Then we propose a uniform reading of three consistency proofs as based on the same spirit. Finally we discuss some relationship between Gentzen's idea, the method of "finite notation for infinitary derivations", and Gödel's idea of his famous Dialectica interpretation. According to our analysis, Gentzen's idea and the method of "finite notation for infinitary derivations" can be explained in the same way as "carrying out finite proof as program". Moreover, we suggest that Gödel's interpretation (no-counterexample interpretation) should be obtained by describing the normalization tree as functionals.
3 0 0 0 OA 忠実な正規状態のもとでのベルの不等式について
- 著者
- 北島 雄一郎
- 出版者
- 科学基礎論学会
- 雑誌
- 科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.34, no.1, pp.21-28, 2007-03-25 (Released:2009-07-31)
- 参考文献数
- 19
Bell's inequalities in algebraic quantum field theory have been studied by Landau, Summers and Werner, and Halvorson and Clifton. Halvorson and Clifton showed that many normal states on local algebras associated with space-like separated bounded open regions violate Bell's inequalities under the the axioms of algebraic quantum field theory. In the present paper, I point out that many faithful normal states on local algebras associated with space-like separated bounded open regions violate Bell's inequalities under the axioms of algebraic quantum field theory.
3 0 0 0 OA 合成性はいかなるいみで必要なのか —非同義性の直観と代入原理に基づく方法論的論証—
- 著者
- 高谷 遼平
- 出版者
- 科学基礎論学会
- 雑誌
- 科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.49, no.1, pp.49-63, 2021 (Released:2021-12-14)
- 参考文献数
- 35
This paper is about the status of compositionality in our linguistic communication and its theorizing. The principle of compositionality has been regarded as an essential precondition under which semantic theories are built since the principle seems to properly explain some important facts about natural language, such as learnability and novelty. According to recent discussions, however, the precise understanding of compositionality casts doubt on its necessity. In this paper, I take a closer look at how we have started and improved our semantic investigations, and present a new argument for compositionality which is based on our linguistic intuition about the notion of un-synonymy and substitution. My point of the argument is that compositionality can serve as a useful tool for theorizing natural language semantics even if semantic rules themselves are described non-compositionally.
3 0 0 0 OA 変形生成文法理論と哲学的意味論 内包主義の擁護
- 著者
- 西山 佑司
- 出版者
- 科学基礎論学会
- 雑誌
- 科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.11, no.4, pp.133-140, 1974-03-15 (Released:2010-01-22)
- 参考文献数
- 61
3 0 0 0 OA 科学的唯物論と意識 心脳同一説の検討
- 著者
- 米沢 克夫
- 出版者
- 科学基礎論学会
- 雑誌
- 科学基礎論研究 (ISSN:00227668)
- 巻号頁・発行日
- vol.12, no.2, pp.71-78, 1975-03-25 (Released:2009-09-04)
- 参考文献数
- 19