著者

瀬口 翔太 澤畠 拓夫

出版者

近畿大学農学部

雑誌

近畿大学農学部紀要 = MEMOIRS OF THE FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE OF KINKI UNIVERSITY (ISSN:21896267)

巻号頁・発行日

no.49, pp.61-65, 2016-03-31

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<Synopsis>The hermit beetle, Osmoderma opicum Lewis, 1887 is one of the endangered beetle species living in tree hollows. We found the beetle in a warm-temperate evergreen forest on Mt. Kasugayama. This beetle has been thought inhabiting a summergreen forest zone and the coniferous trees zone of the high altitude. Therefore, it was the first time to prove that the beetle can inhabits in a warm-temperate evergreen forest.

著者

矢野 栄二 西川 翔子 山根 雅史

出版者

近畿大学農学部

雑誌

近畿大学農学部紀要 = Memoirs of the Faculty of Agriculture of Kinki University (ISSN:04538889)

巻号頁・発行日

no.41, pp.1-10, 2008-03-01

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Aphidoletes aphidimyza (Rondani), an aphidophagous species of Cecidomyiidae, is widely distributed in the world.Larvae of this species feed on a wide variety of aphids, at least 80 species having been known as hosts. In many countries,A. aphidimyza has been used extensively as a biological control agent against aphids, particularly in greenhouses, andhas been proved effective. An exotic strain of this species has been commercialized to control aphids in protected culturesince 1998 in Japan. Use of this strain has not been very successful, possibly because of maladaptation to environmental conditions in Japan or improper use of the strain. Study of the natural distribution of A. aphidimyza in Japan, prior to commercialization of its exotic strain, revealed that this species is distributed commonly in Japan. Use of domestic strains,which are well adapted to both the physical and biological environments in Japan, is recommended to avoid environmental risk by use of the exotic strain. The biology and use for biological control of European strains of A. aphidimyza have been studied and published by many authors. It is worthy to review these studies for the development of biological control using domestic strains of A. aphidimyza in Japan. In this review, the biology of A. aphidimyza, i.e., the taxonomy, morphology, development, oviposition, predation, mating and interspecific interactions with other natural enemies, will be described. Then, mass production and storage of this species, its use for biological control in greenhouses and its role in the regulation of aphids in orchards will be discussed as practical information.

著者

瀬口 翔太 澤畠 拓夫

出版者

近畿大学農学部

雑誌

近畿大学農学部紀要 = MEMOIRS OF THE FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE OF KINKI UNIVERSITY (ISSN:21896267)

巻号頁・発行日

no.49, pp.61-65, 2016-03-31

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<Synopsis>The hermit beetle, Osmoderma opicum Lewis, 1887 is one of the endangered beetle species living in tree hollows. We found the beetle in a warm-temperate evergreen forest on Mt. Kasugayama. This beetle has been thought inhabiting a summergreen forest zone and the coniferous trees zone of the high altitude. Therefore, it was the first time to prove that the beetle can inhabits in a warm-temperate evergreen forest.

著者

村社 仁史 種坂 英次

出版者

近畿大学農学部

雑誌

近畿大学農学部紀要 = Memoirs of the Faculty of Agriculture of Kinki University (ISSN:04538889)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, pp.355-364, 2013-03-01

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[Synopsis] Historical changes in production of the matsutake mushroom, which are symbiotically associated with Japanese red pine trees as a secondary forest in the Heguri-Yama (presently called Yata-Hills) located in the northwestern area of Nara Prefecture, are overviewed with focusing on human activities and vegetative succession. Evergreen Quercus plants as primary natural vegetation of the Heguri-Yama frequently appeared in literature, such as ‘Kojiki’ , `Nihonshoki' and ‘Manyoshu’ edited during the 8th and 9th centuries. The matsutake harvest in this area was first described in 1259 in the literature `Toji-Hyakugoh-monjo' as seasonal tribute esteemed for Buddhism monks, and frequently appeared in this literature until the 16th century. This mushroom was recorded in contracts as a cash product in the 18th and 19th centuries. Since the early 20th century, the matsutake has become an important economic product of several local communities in collaboration with the tourism initiated by a local railway company. Nevertheless, matsutake production has gradually decreased after the late 1960s, and most local matsutake populations have become extinct. Aged red pine forests have been overtaken by evergreen forest, as it was like in ancient days under natural succession.

著者

北川 哲郎 森下 匠 細谷 和海

出版者

近畿大学農学部

雑誌

近畿大学農学部紀要 = Memoirs of the Faculty of Agriculture of Kinki University (ISSN:04538889)

巻号頁・発行日

no.45, pp.129-134, 2012-03 (Released:2013-10-08)

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チョウセンブナMacropodus ocellatusの繁殖生態について,屋外および飼育室における飼育試験によって調査した。産卵は,屋外,飼育室内のいずれにおいても,雌に対して雄1尾を投入した飼育容器内のみで観察された。雌は同一容器に複数尾を投入しても問題なく産卵に至った。確認された産卵数は,78-324粒であった。産卵周期を観察するため,飼育室内で産卵した雌雄の2組を飼育し続けたが,産卵後の雄は雌を激しく攻撃し,再び産卵行動をとることはなかった。受精卵は産卵後約2日で孵化し,孵化後6日目で摂餌を開始した。孵化直後の仔魚は強い浮力を有し,浮遊物の付近や飼育容器の壁面沿いに塊をなして浮遊していた。孵化直後の遊泳力は皆無であり,能動的な遊泳が観察されたのは孵化後5日目であった。

著者

岡本 忠

出版者

近畿大学農学部

雑誌

近畿大学農学部紀要 = Memoirs of the Faculty of Agriculture of Kinki University (ISSN:04538889)

巻号頁・発行日

no.25, pp.61-68, 1992-01-01

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[Author abstract]Adhesive proteins from spiders and marine sedentary mollusks such as barnacles and mussels are reviewed, as are cell-adhesive materials. A total of 35 references are cited.[著者抄録]接着性タンパク質の最近の進歩,特に水生動物の接着性タンパク質について紹介した.

著者

北川 哲郎 小田 優花 細谷 和海

出版者

近畿大学農学部

雑誌

近畿大学農学部紀要 = Memoirs of the Faculty of Agriculture of Kinki University (ISSN:04538889)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, pp.31-36, 2013-03-01

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[Synopsis] The paradise fish, Macropodus opercularis is distributed from the northern part of Vietnam to the Ryukyu Archipelago, and categorized as an endangered species in Japan. The endemism of the Okinawan population was not proven, even though Okinawa is isolated from the mainland of East and Southeast Asia. Furthermore, the ecological information was not fully investigated and the quantities are not sufficient enough to protect it. To elucidate the local variation in paradise fish, reproductive characteristics of the Okinawan fish population were examined in the laboratory. During the trials, a pair of broodstock were reared under constant environments (25 ± 0.5 °C , 14 h L - 10 h D). Each reproductive behavior was observed once per four to ten days at least. The number of the fertilized eggs was counted as being 319 - 581. Hatching was observed two days later, and then the larvae proceeded to feed six days after hatching. The newly hatched larvae drifted beneath the water surface, or fell down on the bottom of the tank. The fertilized eggs were large, and buoyancy was tenuous, if compared with the case of typical M opercularis from the mainland China. The egg-mass after spawning and prelarvae under a bubble nest were guarded by a single male parent. Protective behavior was also found in females. However, female was often attacked by the male if they were mistakenly perceived as enemy by himself. In this experiment, the filial cannibalism was not observed as far as each broodstock is concerned.

著者

大石 武士 大塚 章宏 藤田 隆介 黒川 広行 松原 康二

出版者

近畿大学農学部

雑誌

近畿大学農学部紀要 = Memoirs of the Faculty of Agriculture of Kinki University (ISSN:04538889)

巻号頁・発行日

no.33, pp.25-30, 2000-01-01

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[Author Abstract]Two experiments were carried out to reexamine the methods for converting coffee residue into poultry feed. In experiment 1, 15% and 30% untreated coffee residue diets were given, and in experiment 2, 15% and 30% boiled and filtered coffee residue diets were given to laying hens. Untreated coffee residue diets decreased the feed intake and egg production. Diarrhea and soft egg shells also resulted from untreated coffee residue diets. The 15% boiled and filtered coffee residue diet significantly improved feed intake and egg production, whereas the 30% boiled and filtered coffee residue diet resulted in low feed intake and egg production compared with the 15% coffee residue diet. Low yolk color and thin eggshells also resulted from the boiled and filtered coffee residue diets.[著者抄録]コーヒーの消費の増大に伴って副産物として多量にコーヒー粕が排出され,その処理にコーヒーメーカーは苦慮している。環境対策や省資源の面から産業廃棄物として処理されているコーヒー粕を有効利用することは意義のあるものと考えられる。コーヒー粕を飼料化するためには,特有の苦みや臭いによる嗜好性の低さを改善する必要がある。手軽で安価に嗜好性を改善するための方法としてコーヒー煮沸・濾過をくり返すことが,鶏のコーヒー粕に対する嗜好性を改善するかどうかを検討するための実験を実施した。市販配合飼料の15%および30%を無処理のコーヒー粕で代替し産卵鶏に給与した実験1では,代替割合に関係なく飼料摂取量は通常の1/2程度まで低下し,産卵率も著しく劣り,軟卵や下痢などの発生が認められた。市販配合飼料の15%および30%を60分間の煮沸・濾過処理を施したコーヒー粕と代替して給与した実験2では,15%の代替では飼料摂取量および産卵率は市販配合飼料を給与した対照区とほとんど差は認められない程度まで改善された。しかし,30%の代替の場合,摂取量,産卵率ともに無処理のコーヒー粕代替飼料に比べれば改善されたが,対照区に比べ有意に劣っていた。従って,コーヒー粕に60分間の煮沸・濾過処理を施せば,15%程度までなら飼料としての利用が可能と思われた。ただし,煮沸・濾過処理コーヒー粕で代替することによって卵殻の厚さや卵黄色調等の卵質の一部に低下傾向が認められるので,これらを防ぐための処方も必要と考えられた。

著者

細谷 和海 西井 啓太

出版者

近畿大学農学部

雑誌

近畿大学農学部紀要 = Memoirs of the Faculty of Agriculture of Kinki University (ISSN:04538889)

巻号頁・発行日

no.36, pp.73-130, 2003-01-01

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Biological articles about so-called black basses, viz., the largemouth bass Micropterus salmoides and smallmouth bass M dolomieu, were compiled in a bibliography. Black basses are typical invasive alien fishes transplanted from North America, and constitute a serious biohazard in Japanese freshwaters. The bibliography lists approximately 500 articles including scientific papers, reports, and other miscellaneous printed materials, which are classified into seventeen specifically ordered subjects both in English and Japanese. This bibliography aims to provide necessary information to the persons such as scientists, conervation officers, and volunteers concerned about the bass problem, to help them to understand it the problem objectively, and to promote the eradication or control of alien basses in Japan.

著者

久保 喜計

出版者

近畿大学農学部

雑誌

近畿大学農学部紀要 = Memoirs of the Faculty of Agriculture of Kinki University (ISSN:04538889)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, pp.411-434, 2013-03-01

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[Synopsis] Leptocephali collected by the sirasu fishery called "Patti-Ami" from Kada, Wakayama-city to Gobo-city were examined taxonomically, and an annotated checklist of the species represented by these specimens is provided. As a result, a total of 16 species in 2 orders with 7 families were recorded, of which 6 species name, Elops hawaiensis, Albula vulpes, Conger myriaster, C. japonicus, Muraenesox cinereus and M. bagio, were identified in this research. We must investigate morphologically and genetically, or need make conduct a cultural experiment.

著者

北川 哲郎

出版者

近畿大学農学部

雑誌

近畿大学農学部紀要 = MEMOIRS OF THE FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE OF KINKI UNIVERSITY (ISSN:21896267)

巻号頁・発行日

no.49, pp.1-25, 2016-03-31

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〈Synopsis〉In captive environment, reproductive characteristics of seven bitterlings (Tanakia lanceolata, T. limbata, Acheilognathus rhombeus, A. cyanostigma, A. melanogaster, A. tabira jordani, and A. t. tabira) were estimated by the breeding experiments with Schale's method. Major interspecific difference were confirmed on the spawning pattern and survival rates to emergence from hatching. Some different initial growth patterns were observed in some closely-related Acheilognathus spawning in spring. Such abnormalities as deformation of yolk sac or vertebrae were observed. The achievements would be contributed to ex situ preservation as well as in situ conservation and even taxonomical studies.

著者

澤畠 拓夫 河内 香織

出版者

近畿大学農学部

雑誌

近畿大学農学部紀要 = MEMOIRS OF THE FACULTY OF AGRICULTURE OF KINKI UNIVERSITY (ISSN:21896267)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, pp.46-49, 2015-03-01

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<Synopsis>Outbreak of gypsy moth occurred in Nara campus of Kinki University in 2012 and May in 2013 and the outbreak have rapidly declined in June 2013. Many larvae dead on lower portion of tree trunks showing typically attached by their prolegs with their head pointed downward. Spore production of entomopathogenic fungus, Entomophaga maimaiga was observed on some larval body surface. But majority of the larvae showed no external and internal sporulation, and 25% of them contained one or two dipteran larvae. These observations suggested that many larvae of the moth were killed by viral infection, such as baculovirus. The larvae survived the attack by parasitic organisms got pupae, but most of them were killed by parasitic wasps and did not emerge. These facts showed the complex of parasitic organisms, such as virus, fungus, and parastoid diptera and wasps caused the decline of gypsy moth outbreak in Nara campus of Kinki University.

著者

寺下 隆夫 永井 勝 坂井 拓夫

出版者

近畿大学農学部

雑誌

近畿大学農学部紀要 = Memoirs of the Faculty of Agriculture of Kinki University (ISSN:04538889)

巻号頁・発行日

no.34, pp.95-105, 2001-01-01

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[Author Abstract]The ectomycorrhizal fungi Tricholoma matsutake and Lyophyllum shimeji are famous and delicious edible mushrooms from Japan. Since they form mycorrhiza on the fine roots of living plants, their growth depends facultatively on living plants. To cultivate these fungi for in a pure culture, glucose and a few other monosaccharides must be used as carbon sources. In 1994,it was reported that L.shimeji can form mature fruit-bodies on a medium that consists mainly of barley grains ; in addition, they form without a host plant. These observations indicate that some mycorrhizal mushroom fungi have the ability to utilize barley starch. When fungi form fruit-bodies, large amounts of mycelia may be needed either to store nutrients or to transport nutrients to the fruit-bodies, or for both purposes. However, it is very difficult to cultivate large amounts of mycelia using monosaccharides in a pure culture. The addition of low molecular weight substances in high concentrations increases the osmotic pressures of a medium, which in this case would suppress the growth of the mycelium. Then, amylase productions during the vegetative mycelial growth of T.matsutake (No.114 and Z-1 strain), which hydrolize starch as a substrate for the growth of the fungi were examined using a somewhat modified matsutake liquid medium. Amylase activity (α-and gluco-amylase) in the culture filtrates had relatively high values at 40 days after the inoculation. Maximum activity was attained 80 days after inoculation. α-Amylase showed more activity than glucoamylase in both strains. Amylase activity in the culture filtrate of T.matsutake was assayed by using several kinds of starch as the substrate ; the starches were purified from barley (5 kinds), corn, sweet potato, and potato. The enzyme was most active in the presence of the starch prepared from the "Amagi" and "Ichibanboshi" strains in the "Nonwaxy" barley group among the starches. This activity was were observed at a circa 2.0-fold higher value than that of the control (potato). The addition of potato and yam to the culture medium increased the dry weight of mycelia 4.8-5.6 times, as compared to the control (without addition) ; moreover, the value of amylase activity was 1.9-2.6 times that of the control. A positive correlation between vegetative mycelial growth and amylase activity was detected. To elucidate the properties of extracellular amylases in the T.matsutake Z-1 strain, the amylase fractions obtained from the DEAE-Toyopearl column chromatography were identified. One type of α-amylase, glucoamylases and α-glucosidases showed activity upon analysis by thin layer chromatography using hydrolyzates.[JST抄録]菌根形成食用担子菌,ホンシメジ(Lyophyllum shimeji)およびマツタケ(Tricholoma matsutake)の子実体形成研究についてレビューした。最初に,菌根形成きのこ類の人工栽培が難しい理由の一端を説明した。次に,ホンシメジが人工栽培化に至った過程,また,マツタケの人工的な子実体形成研究の現状について,これらの菌根菌類の生育生理の面から成育基質として重要な澱粉の利用性に注目して,アミラーゼなどの生成酵素との関連で述べた。マツタケ「シロ」中にどの程度の澱粉が含まれ,マツタケ菌がアミラーゼを生成してその澱粉をどの程度利用しているかなど今後解明すべき点は多い。

著者

寺下 隆夫 白坂 憲章 楠田 瑞穂 若山 祥夫

出版者

近畿大学農学部

雑誌

近畿大学農学部紀要 = Memoirs of the Faculty of Agriculture of Kinki University (ISSN:04538889)

巻号頁・発行日

no.44, pp.1-8, 2011-03-01

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[Synopsis] The chemical compositions of low-molecular weight (low-MW) hyaluronic acid (HA) from comb and the effect of keepingb moisture contents on skin by a clinical test were investigated. The low-MW-HA prepared from comb contained the following components: moisture 2.2 ~ 2.6%, nitrogen 3.84%, total protein 3.04%, free amino acid 4.08%, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 0%, HA 13.4% and dextrin( food additives) 75.0%. The main components of the low-MW-HA were two components, MW 1,500( 47%) and MW. 5,000( 33%). We studied the effect of low-MW-HA( Will-HA) on the effect of keeping moisture contents of skin by a clinical test. The clinical test was done in a national hospital in the Peoples Republic of China in 2006. As a result, it was shown that the low-MW-HA have the effect of keeping moisture in the skin.

著者

鈴木 勇祐 桜谷 保之

出版者

近畿大学農学部

雑誌

近畿大学農学部紀要 = Memoirs of the Faculty of Agriculture of Kinki University (ISSN:04538889)

巻号頁・発行日

no.43, pp.81-90, 2010-03-01

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In this study we investigated ground beetles living in the Nara Campus of Kinki University, central Japan. In threeenvironments (pound edge, grassland, forest), ground beetles were collected using pitfall traps. A total of 1641 beetleswere collected, representing 18 families and 74 species. Of these, 298 beetles, representing, 11 families and, 39species, werecollected at the pound edge. The dominant species at this site were Onthophagus nitidus, Eusilpha japonica, Carabusyaconinus yaconinus, Amara chalcites, Pheropsophus jessoensis and Platydracus inornatus. A total of 248 beetles, including 12 families and 47species, were collected in the grassland. The dominant species of this site were Synuchus congruous, Pheropsophus jessoensis, Harpalus niigatanus, nisodactylus punctatipennis, Agrypnus scrofa and Bradycellus subditus. A total of 1097 beetles, representing 13 families and 42species, were collected in the forest. The dominant species of this site were Onthophagus nitidus, Synuchus congruous, Nebria chinensis and Nebria chinensis. The Shannon-Weaver diversity index (H') was 5.23 at the pound edge, 4.85 in the grassland and 3.55 in the forest. The Simpson diversity index (SID) was 11.14 at the pound edge, 18.28 in the grassland and 7.87 in the forest. The Kimoto similarity index (Cπ) was 0.654between the pound edge and the grassland, 0.495 between the forest and the grassland and 0.455 between the pound edge and forest. Ochiai similarity(OI) was 0.375 between the pound edge and the forest, 0.349 between the pound edge and the grassland and 0.236 between the grassland and the forest. The disturbance degree index( ID) was 1.81 at the pound edge, 1.42 in the grassland and 1.28 in the orest. These plots are subject to disturbance; that at the pound edge and in the grassland is similar to that reported for riversides, and that in the forest is similar to that reported for mountain forests.

著者

Ajadi A.A.

出版者

近畿大学農学部

雑誌

近畿大学農学部紀要 = Memoirs of the Faculty of Agriculture of Kinki University (ISSN:04538889)

巻号頁・発行日

no.46, pp.15-30, 2013-03 (Released:2014-02-21)

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多くの途上国では,いまなお農業がその潜在力を十分に発揮できていない。この事態は部分的には,女性が農民として,あるいは労働者としてまた企業者として農業や農村経済で重要な役割を担っているのに,生産要素へのアクセスが男性よりも制限されていることによって引き起こされている。農業技術は過去何年にもわたってさまざまの形で導入されてきたが,その開発過程では女性の役割を十分に考慮してこなかった点に,その理由の一端を求めることができる。本稿では3つの農業普及システムの特徴を論じ,農業技術におけるジェンダー・ギャップをどのようにして埋めていけるのかを検討する。そのために,AIS(Agricultural Innovation Systems)と呼ばれる農業普及システムの必要性と農業の技術革新におけるジェンダーの役割に影響する最近の動向を明らかにする。

著者

小西 雅樹 朝井 俊亘 武内 啓明 細谷 和海

出版者

近畿大学農学部

雑誌

近畿大学農学部紀要 = Memoirs of the Faculty of Agriculture of Kinki University (ISSN:04538889)

巻号頁・発行日

no.43, pp.105-110, 2010-03

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干物から透明骨格標本を作製するため二重染色法を改良した。この方法が従来の方法と大きく異なる点は、1.塩抜きのために水戻しをすること、2.固定時のフォルマリン濃度を高くすること、3.透明化処理時の水酸化カリウム水溶液濃度を低くすることの3点である。この方法は、干物をきれいに透明化できる点で従来の方法よりも優れている。

著者

久光 彩子 曽我部 陽子 寺田 剛 大隅 有理子 寺田 早百合 平野 綾香 杉田 麻衣 松尾 扶美 片山 涼子 荻野 直人 高見 晋一 桜谷 保之

出版者

近畿大学農学部

雑誌

近畿大学農学部紀要 = Memoirs of the Faculty of Agriculture of Kinki University (ISSN:04538889)

巻号頁・発行日

no.43, pp.91-104, 2010-03

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2009年7月22日、日本各地で部分日食が観測され、南西諸島においては皆既日食が観測された。近畿大学奈良キャンパスの位置する奈良県では9時46分に日食が開始し、11時05分に太陽の82%が欠ける最大食に達した後、12時25分に終了した。当日の天気は曇りで、時々太陽が雲越しに見え隠れしていた。最大食時には、鳴き声を出す昆虫類ではニイニイゼミ、キリギリスが減少し、ヒグラシが増加した。鳥類ではヒヨドリの鳴き声、ウグイスのさえずりの聞こえる数が少なくなった。チョウは全体的に活動する種数、個体数が減少し、ネムノキの葉は就眠運動により閉じる傾向が見られた。気象観測データは日射量や気温が低下しており、生物の行動はこれらの影響を受けたものと考えられた。

出版者

近畿大学農学部

雑誌

近畿大学農学部紀要 = Memoirs of the Faculty of Agriculture of Kinki University (ISSN:04538889)

巻号頁・発行日

no.44, pp.163-169, 2011-03

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日本の豊かな生物相に対する理解を深めることを目的に、2010年2月28日から3月6日の7日間、近畿大学農学部生態調査班を中心としたメンバーで八重山諸島の石垣島と西表島にて両生類、爬虫類の調査・観察を行った。調査地を含む琉球列島は、地理的変遷から多くの固有種や固有亜種の生息地として知られている。今調査の結果として、全体では両生類が4科6種、爬虫類が5科8種確認され、このうち固有種が7種、固有亜種が3種、国の天然記念物が2種記録された。島ごとでは石垣島で両生類が3科4種、爬虫類が4科4種、西表島では両生類が3科3種、爬虫類が5科8種それぞれ記録された。

出版者

近畿大学農学部

雑誌

近畿大学農学部紀要 = Memoirs of the Faculty of Agriculture of Kinki University (ISSN:04538889)

巻号頁・発行日

no.42, pp.127-144, 2009-03

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土壌動物の持つ機能についてリターバック法を用い、近大里山内において樹種毎に落葉の分解にどれだけ土壌動物が寄与しているのかを調べた。その結果、土壌動物は落葉量の多い11月や12月の時期には落葉量と同じように増えているが、落葉量が少ない4月から7月の時期にかけても個体数が多かった。また、8月の夏の時期にはもっとも少なかった。どの樹種においてもこの傾向が見られた。また、リターバック内の落葉の残存率は、9月頃まで減少し続け、その後は横ばいに推移している。分解速度にてヒノキの4ヶ月目と6ヶ月目にピークが現れたのは土壌動物の個体数増加に伴う分解促進の結果と思われる。落葉の分解が進むにつれて落葉中の窒素含有率が上昇している。これは落葉中の炭素が消費されていることを意味している。炭素は土壌動物や土壌微生物にとってエネルギー源であり、窒素は土壌微生物の体を形作る養分である。落葉の多い時期に、土壌動物の個体数が増えているのは、9月頃の分解のピークによって分解者以外の利用できる養分が増え、分解者以外の土壌動物の個体数が増えはじめ、それらが土壌中を動きまわることにより、土壌が攪拌され、新たな団粒の形成等により、分解者である中型土壌動物の生存可能空間が作られる。そこに落葉が供給されることにより、再び分解者の活性が高まったためであると考えられる。落葉の少ない、3月頃から8月の手前までの時期にも土壌動物は個体数を増やしているが、これは、寒くも無く、暑くもない温暖な気候である春という時期が土壌動物の活動を活発にさせ、個体数を増加させたものと推察される。8月の土壌動物の個体数が少ないときに分解速度が減少したり、落葉の多い時期に比例するように土壌動物は増えていることをはじめとするこれらの結果から土壌動物の落葉分解という機能が示された。また、落葉の分解にもっとも貢献していたのはダニ目のササラダニ亜目であった。