著者

Takakazu Matsuura Izumi C. Mori Eiko Himi Takashi Hirayama

出版者

日本育種学会

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.4, pp.601-610, 2019 (Released:2019-12-25)

参考文献数

48

被引用文献数

15

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This study examined contents of nine plant hormones in developing seeds of field-grown wheat varieties (Triticum aestivum L.) with different seed dormancy using liquid chromatography—mass spectrometry. The varieties showed marked diversity in germination indices at 15°C and 20°C. Contents of the respective hormones in seeds showed a characteristic pattern during seed maturation from 30-day post anthesis to 60-day post anthesis. Principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis revealed that plant hormone profiles were not correlated with dormancy levels, indicating that hormone contents were not associated with preharvest sprouting (PHS) susceptibility. Indole acetic acid (IAA) contents of mature seeds showed positive correlation with the germination index, but no other hormone. Response of embryo-half seeds to exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) indicates that ABA sensitivity is correlated with whole-seed germinability, which can be explained in part by genotypes of MOTHER OF FT AND TFL (MFT) allele modulating ABA signaling of wheat seeds. These results demonstrate that variation in wheat seed dormancy is attributable to ABA sensitivity of mature seeds, but not to ABA contents in developing seeds.

著者

Noriyuki Kuya Jian Sun Ken Iijima Ramaiah Venuprasad Toshio Yamamoto

出版者

日本育種学会

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.19003, (Released:2019-10-04)

被引用文献数

10

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Direct seeding saves time and labour in the cultivation of rice. However, seedling establishment is often unstable, and yields are lower than in transplanting. Anaerobic germination (AG) is a key trait for improvement of direct seeding of rice. We established a simple and reliable method of evaluating AG in rice breeding. We germinated seeds in distilled water or deoxygenated water and measured coleoptile length several days later; compared the results of each method with survival rate in flooded soil; and used the anoxic water method for QTL analysis and for testing cultivars. Coleoptile elongation in anoxic water and survival rate in flooded soil were significantly correlated (r = 0.879, P < 0.01). A significant QTL, likely to be a major gene (AG1), was found in chromosome segment substitution lines and in a backcrossed F2 population derived from tolerant and sensitive lines. Diverse rice genetic resources were classified into tolerant or sensitive accession groups reflecting their ecotypes. Our study revealed that anoxic water evaluation method saves space and time in a stable environment compared with flooded soil evaluation. It is applicable to QTL analysis and isolation of genes underlying anaerobic germination.

著者

Caren Rodriguez-Medina Alvaro Caicedo Arana Olivier Sounigo Xavier Argout Gabriel Alvarado Alvarado Roxana Yockteng

出版者

日本育種学会

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.19011, (Released:2019-08-01)

被引用文献数

30

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Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is considered a key crop in Colombian social programs aiming at alleviating rural poverty, promoting peace in post-conflict regions and, replacing crops used for illicit purposes. Colombia is thought to be part of the center of origin of cacao; several germplasm collecting expeditions have been implemented, dating back to the 1940s. Despite that history, the first breeding program based on creating, selecting, and releasing full-sib progenies made extensive use of accessions introduced from other countries as parents. A new breeding strategy was adopted in the 1990s, based on mass selection of promising trees (high-yield and disease-resistant) in farmers’ fields, resulting in the selection of clones released to farmers as planting material. In 2012, a new strategy, Recurrent Selection, was adopted by the Colombian Corporation for Agricultural Research, Agrosavia, based on the development of improved populations and allowing the selection of clones at the end of each cycle of recombination. The use of molecular markers is being integrated into this program in order to assist breeders in selecting material. This review provides details about the history and perspectives of the cacao breeding program in Colombia.

著者

Kazutoshi Yashiro Hiroyoshi Iwata Yukari Akashi Ken-o Tomita Maki Kuzuya Yoshihiko Tsumura Kenji Kato

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.2, pp.197-206, 2005 (Released:2005-06-15)

参考文献数

38

被引用文献数

14 29

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Ninety-nine accessions of melon (Cucumis melo L.) mainly from East and South Asia were analyzed based on the polymorphism of 210 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) bands to reveal the genetic structure and phylogenetic relationship in Asian melon. A cluster analysis based on their genetic similarity revealed three major clusters, i.e., a vars. makuwa and conomon group, a small-seed type group and a group of Japanese F1 cultivars and large-seed type accessions. Most of the East Asian melon accessions classified into the first group were of the small-seed type with a seed length shorter than 9.0 mm. The varieties of C. melo were roughly divided into two groups by a principal co-ordinate analysis based on AFLP data, that is, the group of vars. makuwa and conomon and small-seed type melon and the group of var. reticulatus and large-seed type melon. Indian melon accessions were rich in genetic variation. Melon accessions closely related to vars. makuwa and conomon were found in east India, and they were considered as possible candidates of the prototype of vars. makuwa and conomon.

著者

Ma. LaRue E. Ballesfin Ricky B. Vinarao Janice Sapin Sung-Ryul Kim Kshirod K. Jena

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.18045, (Released:2018-08-23)

被引用文献数

2 9

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An intergeneric hybrid was successfully developed between Oryza sativa L. (IRRI 154) and Leersia perrieri (A. Camus) Launert using embryo rescue technique in this study. A low crossability value (0.07%) implied that there was high incompatibility between the two species of the hybrid. The F1 hybrid showed intermediate phenotypic characteristics between the parents but the plant height was very short. The erect plant type resembled the female parent IRRI 154 but the leaves were similar to L. perrieri. Cytological analysis revealed highly non-homology between chromosomes of the two species as the F1 plants showed 24 univalents without any chromosome pairing. The F1 hybrid plant was further confirmed by PCR analysis using the newly designed 11 indel markers showing polymorphism between O. sativa and L. perrieri. This intergeneric hybrid will open up opportunities to transfer novel valuable traits from L. perrieri into cultivated rice.

著者

Yoichiro Hoshino Noriko Kanematsu Masahiro Mii

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.3, pp.360-366, 2018 (Released:2018-08-02)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

1 2

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Lilies (Lilium spp.) are one of the most important floricultural crops. As most lily cultivars have originated from interspecific hybridization, they usually have complex genome composition and occasionally fail to develop normal gametes. Further improvement of lily cultivars by sexual crossing requires evaluation of gamete development and subsequent male and female fertility. Although male fertility is easily evaluated through microscopic observation after staining or by pollen culture for germination, evaluation of female fertility is difficult, because gametes develop inside an ovule within an ovary. Lilium species have the Fritillaria type of embryo sac, which, at maturity, consists of a haploid egg apparatus, including one haploid egg cell and two haploid synergids, two polar nuclei (one haploid nucleus and one triploid nucleus) and three triploid antipodal cells. Compared to the Polygonum type of embryo sac, composition of the embryo in the Fritillaria type of embryo sac is complex. We developed an efficient microscopic observation technique for ovules using the clearing procedure, which allowed us to categorize abnormal patterns of female gametes and to elucidate the frequency of abnormal female gamete development. The relationship among normal embryo sac, pollen stainability and seed formation in lily cultivars is discussed.

著者

安藤 敏 高橋 千晶 幾見 京子 増田 彩子 清水 俊雄

出版者

日本育種学会

雑誌

Breeding science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.3, pp.195-201, 1997-09-01

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1

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アルファルファ雄性不稔系統(CMS)のオルガネラの遺伝情報を栽培品種に導入するため非対称融合法の検討を行い,その結果,安定して雑種カルスを得る方法を確立した。栽培品種のプロトプラストはヨードアセトアミド(IOA)で処理し,CMSのプロトプラストにはX線を照射したのち電気融合法で非対称融合を行った。栽培品種のプロトプラストはアガロース包埋法で培養した場合,6mMのIOAで処理することでほとんど不活化できた。CMSのプロトプラストのコロニー形成を抑えるには900Gy以上のX線照射量が必要で,他の植物と比べ高いことが明らかとなった。融合処理した細胞はアガロース包埋法で培養したが,この時,培養の最初からナース細胞を加えず,アガロースのまわりにKaoの液体培地のみを加えることにより,不定胚を形成するカルス(embryogenic callus:EC)の出現が確認できた。両親の植物体から全DNAを抽出し,ミトコンドリアDNA(mtDNA)をプローブとしてサザンハイブリダイゼーションを行いRFLP(制限酵素断片長多型)を調査した結果,制限酵素XhoIとプローブatpAの組合せで両者を明確に区別できることを見いだした。IOA濃度として3mMと6mM,X線照射量として1350 Gyと2250 Gy,アガロースのまわりに添加する培地としてKP培地とKC培地を選び,それぞれの組み合わせで融合処理と培養を行い,カルス形成,EC形成,植物体の再生およびmtDNAのタイプ毎のカルスの出現割合に及ぼす影響を調べた。その結果,IOAは低濃度(3mM)の方がカルス数,EC数,再生植物体数が多かったが,栽培品種型のエスケープカルスを抑えるためには高濃度(6mM)が必要だった。X線照射量は2250 Gyの方がカルス形成の頻度が高かった。CMSのプロトプラストに2250 Gyという高い量のX線を照射する条件では,核ゲノムだけでなくオルガネラゲノムが破壊されることが懸念されたが,mtDNAの分析からCMS特有のバンドが確認され,この条件が許容されると判断された。細胞質雑種と考えられるカルスの出現割合,及びECや再生植物体数から考えると,IOA 6mMとX線照射量2250 Gyの組み合わせが最もよいと考えられた。MtDNA分析で雑種型と判断されたカルスについてmalate dehydrogenase(MD)のアイソザイム分析を行った結果,CMS特有のバンドをもたず核が栽培品種型であるサイブリッドと考えられるものが得られた。再生植物体についてもmtDNA分析を行ったが,全て栽培品種と同じ型を示し,雄性不稔の形質は導入されていないものと判断された。

著者

Kana Takehara Kazumasa Murata Takuya Yamaguchi Kohei Yamaguchi Genki Chaya Shintaro Kido Yukimoto Iwasaki Hitoshi Ogiwara Takeshi Ebitani Kotaro Miura

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.18007, (Released:2018-06-23)

被引用文献数

25

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High-temperature stress during the ripening stage leads to quality deterioration due to an increase in chalky grains in brown rice (Oryza sativa L.). In a previous study, we identified a QTL for Appearance quality of brown rice 1 (Apq1) using chromosome segment substitution lines of the indica cultivar ‘Habataki’ in the japonica cultivar ‘Koshihikari’ background and narrowed down the locus to a 48-kb region on chromosome 7. To verify the function and mechanisms of this QTL in grain appearance, in this study, we fine-mapped the gene and conducted high-temperature tolerance tests. As a result of the genetic mapping, we narrowed down the candidate region of Apq1 to a 19.4-kb region including three predicted genes. Among these, the temporal expression pattern of sucrose synthase 3 (Sus3) corresponded well with the high temperature-sensitive period during ripening, and expression of the ‘Habataki’ allele of Sus3 was increased under high-temperature condition. In addition, we transformed the ‘Habataki’ Sus3 gene into ‘Nipponbare’, and the transformants obtained high-temperature tolerance. Therefore, we conclude that the causal gene underlying the QTL Apq1 is the thermo-responsive Sus3 allele, and the increase in Sus3 expression under high-temperature condition during ripening leads to high-temperature tolerance in rice.

著者

神戸 三智雄 藤本 文弘 水上 優子 稲波 進 深谷 勝正

出版者

日本育種学会

雑誌

Breeding science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.4, pp.347-351, 1997-12-01

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1

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アルファルファ菌核病(Sclerotinia trifoliorum Eriks.) は,晩秋から早春にかけて発病し,茎腐れ症状を呈し,株立ちを減少させる重要病害である。この病害はクローバ,レンゲなど他のマメ科車種にも罹病する多犯性病害であることから抵抗性品種の育成は難しいとされてきたが,循環選抜により抵抗性育種が可能であることを明らかにした。ほ場条件で人工接種による抵抗性検定法を開発し,愛知育成のナツワカバ,タチワカバ及びフランス,アメリカから導入した1O品種・系統による約3,000個体を基礎集団として,1983年から集団選抜と母系選抜を9世代繰り返した。各世代の選抜強度は2.0〜7.0%,集団の大きさは55〜100個体としてランダム交雑し(Table 1),選抜1世代から9世代に当たるSR 58-1〜SR 58-9の選抜系統について抵抗性検定を2回の試験に分けて実施した。ほ場検定における1〜5世代系統の生存率についてみるとSR 58-1,SR 58-2では12.4%,17.6%と低く,基礎集団の一部としたナツワカバと差がなかった。3世代系統から高くなり,5世代系統のSR 58-5は57.6%の最も高い生存率を示した(Table 3,Fig.1)。5-9世代系統の検定ではSR 58-5の42.4%に比べSR 58-9は62.9%の明らかに高い生存率を示した(Table 4)。ファルコナーの方法による累積選抜圧と選抜反応との関係から実現ヘリタビリティを求めると初期世代はh^2=0.078と低かったが,3〜9世代ではh^2=O.364と高い値を示した(Fig.4)。このことから,基礎集団では菌核病の抵抗性に関与する遺伝子の働きは小さく,その頻度も低いため,1,2世代の選抜ではほとんど抵抗性の向上が認められなかった。しかし,選抜を繰り返すことによって集団内の抵抗性遺伝子の頻度が高くなり,9世代系統のSR 58-9では大きな選抜反応が得られたと考えられた。

著者

Naonobu Noda

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.1, pp.79-87, 2018 (Released:2018-04-10)

参考文献数

80

被引用文献数

47

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Flower color is the most important trait in the breeding of ornamental plants. In the floriculture industry, however, bluish colored flowers of desirable plants have proved difficult to breed. Many ornamental plants with a high production volume, such as rose and chrysanthemum, lack the key genes for producing the blue delphinidin pigment or do not have an intracellular environment suitable for developing blue color. Recently, it has become possible to incorporate a blue flower color trait through progress in molecular biological analysis of pigment biosynthesis genes and genetic engineering. For example, introduction of the F3′5′H gene encoding flavonoid 3′,5′-hydroxylase can produce delphinidin in various flowers such as roses and carnations, turning the flower color purple or violet. Furthermore, the world’s first blue chrysanthemum was recently produced by introducing the A3′5′GT gene encoding anthocyanin 3′,5′-O-glucosyltransferase, in addition to F3′5′H, into the host plant. The B-ring glucosylated delphinidin-based anthocyanin that is synthesized by the two transgenes develops blue coloration by co-pigmentation with colorless flavone glycosides naturally present in the ray floret of chrysanthemum. This review focuses on the biotechnological efforts to develop blue flowers, and describes future prospects for blue flower breeding and commercialization.

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.1, pp.cover, 2018 (Released:2018-04-14)

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On the coverFlower arrangements with blue chrysanthemums designed by H. Mogi (NARO). Blue chrysanthemums were created by introducing and co-expressing butterfly pea A3′5′GT and Canterbury bells F3′5′H. The blue coloration is due to intermolecular co-pigmentation between the newly synthesized anthocyanins and endogenous flavones (This issue, p. 79–87).(N. Noda: NARO)

著者

Yukari Masuta Akira Kawabe Kosuke Nozawa Ken Naito Atsushi Kato Hidetaka Ito

出版者

Japanese Society of Breeding

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.17085, (Released:2018-03-24)

被引用文献数

14

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In plants, several transposable elements are conserved across species. We found a homolog of ONSEN, which is a heat-activated retrotransposon originally isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana, in Vigna. The ONSEN-like elements (VaONS) were detected in all the analyzed Japanese accessions of Vigna angularis (adzuki bean) by Southern blot analysis. However, VaONS sequences were observed to be polymorphic in the different accessions. Interestingly, extrachromosomal DNA (ecDNA) was detected in some accessions of adzuki bean, indicating the conserved heat-activation of VaONS. Furthermore, we successfully induced retrotransposition of VaONS in adzuki plant regenerated through callus. Findings of our study should provide a new tool for molecular breeding of adzuki bean.

著者

中村 郁郎 亀谷 七七子 山中 慎介 加藤 裕介 城守 寛 佐藤 洋一郎

出版者

日本育種学会

雑誌

Breeding science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.4, pp.385-388, 1997-12-01

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

10

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植物細胞に含まれる葉緑体は,光合成原核生物であるらん藻の共生により生じたと考えられている(Pa1mer1993)。特に,リボゾームタンパク質遺伝子rpl16とrpl14は,陸上植物の葉緑体の起源を考察する上で興味深い領域の一つである。すなわち,らん藻や紅藻類の葉緑体では,rpl16とrpl14の間に共通な2遺伝子(rpl29とrps17)が介在しているが,陸上植物10種の葉緑体では,rpl29-rps17は欠失し約100塩基のリンカー配列を挟みrpl16とrpl14が隣り合っている(Fig.1)。この事は,原始植物が上陸した時に欠失が生じ,植物の種分化にともないrpl16-rpl14のリンカー配列は単一配列から変異してきたことを示唆している。rpl16およびrpl14は,イネ,タバコ,ホウレンソウの3種の間で84%以上の高い相同性を示したが,リンカー配列のホモロジーは28%と低いことが認められた(Fig.2)。rpl16およびrpl14の保存領域に対する1対のプライマーを作製し,イネ,ヒエ,リンドウ,カシから抽出したDNAをテンプレートとしてPCR反応を行ったところ,約550塩基のDNA断片が増幅され,ダイレクト法により塩基配列を決定できた。そこで,rpl16の終止配列を含む下流50塩基の配列を葉緑体型を特定するためのID(PS-ID)配列として利用できないか検討した。データベース検索および本研究で決定した各葉緑体のPS-ID配列を比較したところ,塩基置換に加え,機能のある塩基配列では起こりにくい短い欠失/挿入およびSlippage等の多様な変異が生じていることが認められた。各PS-ID間の塩基置換を数えたところトウモロコシとヒエで3カ所,インゲンマメとリョクトウで4カ所,ホウレンソウとエノテラで14カ所であった。また,興味深いことにインド型イネは,日本型イネに比べて2力所で3塩基のSlippageが認められた(Table 1)。本研究で提案したPS-ID配列の検出法は,配列の知られていない高等植物種の葉緑体を共通プライマーを用いて解析できる可能性が高く,さまざまな植物についてPS-ID配列を集積しデータベース化できれば,植物系統進化学,古生物学および植物育種等に広く応用できるものと考えられる。

著者

鵜飼 保雄 大澤 良 斉藤 彰 林 武司

出版者

日本育種学会

雑誌

Breeding science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.1, pp.139-142, 1995-03-01

被引用文献数

10

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核DNAの制限酵素断片長多型(RFLP)やランダム増幅多型DNA(RAPD)などのDNA多型を利用して,多くの作物で連鎖地図の作成が進められている.またDNA多型連鎖地図を利用して量的形質遺伝子座(QTL)の解析をおこなう方法がいくつか開発されている (Lander and Green1987,Lander and Botstein1989). 連鎖地図作成はDNA多型でも通常の形質の場合(Bai1ey1959)でも原理的には同じである.しかし,前者では利用できるマーカー数が著しく多いうえに,それらの同時分離データが得られるので,それらの情報を総合的に活用してきわめて詳細な連鎖地図を作成することが可能となっている.しかしマーカー数が多いので単にマーカー間で組換価を求めるだけでも莫大な計算量が必要となる.またマー力一の連鎖群内順序の決定などでは大行列の逆行列や固有値の計算が含まれる.さらにQTL解析には,収束した推定値を得るまでに大量の反復計算が要求される.このようなことからDNA多型利用による連鎖地図作成とその育種的利用にはコンピュータ支援が不可欠である.

著者

Akira Kobayashi Akiko Ohara-Takada Shogo Tsuda Chie Matsuura-Endo Norikazu Takada Yoshiki Umemura Takashi Nakao Tsutomu Yoshida Kazuya Hayashi Motoyuki Mori

出版者

日本育種学会

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.77-82, 2008 (Released:2008-03-26)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

3 13

著者

Mahbubur S.M. Rahman 山田 昌彦 吉田 雅夫

出版者

日本育種学会

雑誌

Breeding science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.4, pp.335-339, 1997-12-01

被引用文献数

1

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バンレイシ科アノナ属に属するチェリモヤ(A. cherimola),バンレイシ(A. squamosa),ギュウシンリ(A. reticulata),トゲバンレイシ (A. muricata),ポンドアップル(A. glabra), ヤマトゲバンレイシ(A. montana)と A. cherimola×A. squamosaの種間雑種,計14系統を供試して,PCR-RFLP法により類縁関係を検討した。葉緑体DNAフラグメント,rbcL-ORF106を増幅させるため一組の塩基配列標識部位(STS)のプライマーを用いた。増幅したフラグメントを6種類の制限酵素で消化したところ,2-6のDNA断片が得られた.RsaIで消化した時,7つの異なったパターンが観察されたが,他の酵素では4-6のパターンしかみられなかった。対になった距離の平均値は,O.017-O.607の範囲で,最小値はA. squamosaとA. cherimola×A. squamosaとの間でみられ,最大値は,A. glabraとA. cherimola×A. squamosaとの間で見られた。Swofford parsimony法により,8つの系統樹図が得られ,それより50% majority-rule consensus treeが得られた。栽培種と野生種は別のグループを形成し,チェリモヤとバンレイシの雑種であるアテモヤは栽培種の両親の中間に位置した。ポンドアップルはデンドログラムでは単独のクラスターを形成し,他の種とは大変異なっているとみなされた。これらの結果は,多くのアノナ属を使い,系統分類学において基礎的な情報を与えるものと思われる。

著者

Satoru Maeda Nagao Hayashi Takahide Sasaya Masaki Mori

出版者

日本育種学会

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.3, pp.396-406, 2016 (Released:2016-06-29)

参考文献数

61

被引用文献数

25

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Broad-spectrum disease resistance against two or more types of pathogen species is desirable for crop improvement. In rice, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), the causal bacteria of rice leaf blight, and Magnaporthe oryzae, the fungal pathogen causing rice blast, are two of the most devastating pathogens. We identified the rice BROAD-SPECTRUM RESISTANCE 1 (BSR1) gene for a BIK1-like receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase using the FOX hunting system, and demonstrated that BSR1-overexpressing (OX) rice showed strong resistance to the bacterial pathogen, Xoo and the fungal pathogen, M. oryzae. Here, we report that BSR1-OX rice showed extended resistance against two other different races of Xoo, and to at least one other race of M. oryzae. In addition, the rice showed resistance to another bacterial species, Burkholderia glumae, which causes bacterial seedling rot and bacterial grain rot, and to Cochliobolus miyabeanus, another fungal species causing brown spot. Furthermore, BSR1-OX rice showed slight resistance to rice stripe disease, a major viral disease caused by rice stripe virus. Thus, we demonstrated that BSR1-OX rice shows remarkable broad-spectrum resistance to at least two major bacterial species and two major fungal species, and slight resistance to one viral pathogen.

著者

Minoru Nishimura Makoto Kusaba Kenzo Miyahara Takeshi Nishio Shuichi Iida Tokio Imbe Hiroyuki Sato

出版者

日本育種学会

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.1, pp.103-105, 2005 (Released:2005-03-15)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

15 26

著者

Iketani Hiroyuki Ohta Satoshi Kawahara Takayuki Katsuki Toshio Mase Nobuko Sato Yoshihiko Yamamoto Toshiya

出版者

日本育種学会

雑誌

Breeding science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.1, pp.1-6, 2007-03

被引用文献数

2

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'Somei-yoshino' (Yoshino cherry, Prunus × yedoensis) is the most popular flowering cherry cultivar in Japan. In order to confirm the clonal status of this cultivar, which is one of the most important issues, genotypes of different individuals were investigated using 21 microsatellite markers. Of the 52 individuals examined, including 47 old trees planted from the late 19th to the early 20th century that had been collected from various locations in Japan, 50 showed an identical genotype. The other two were assumed to be the offspring of this cultivar. These results showed that 'Somei-yoshino' is a clone from a single tree. The genealogy of six other cultivars belonging to the same hybrid species was examined using the same method. The results were congruent with the documentation of their genealogy. 'Mishima-zakura' and 'Shouwa-zakura' were found to be the offspring of 'Somei-yoshino', while 'Amagi-yoshino', 'Izu-yoshino', 'Mikado-yoshino' and 'Perpendens' were not directly related to 'Somei-yoshino'.

著者

Tatsuro Suzuki Toshikazu Morishita Yuji Mukasa Shigenobu Takigawa Satoshi Yokota Koji Ishiguro Takahiro Noda

出版者

日本育種学会

雑誌

Breeding Science (ISSN:13447610)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.4, pp.339-343, 2014 (Released:2015-01-10)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

4 32

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In a screening of about 500 lines of Tartary buckwheat, we identified lines that contained no detectable rutinosidase isozymes using an in-gel detection assay. We confirmed that seeds of these individuals had only a trace level of in-vitro rutinosidase activity. To investigate the heritability of the trace-rutinosidase characteristic, we analyzed the progeny of crosses between rutinosidase trace-lines, ‘f3g-162’, and the ‘Hokkai T8’. The F2 progeny clearly divided into two groups: those with rutinosidase activity under 1.5 nkat/g seed (trace-rutinosidase) and those with activity over 400 nkat/g seed (normal rutinosidase). The segregation pattern of this trait in F2 progeny exhibited 1 : 3 ratio (trace-rutinosidase : normal rutinosidase), suggesting that the trace-rutinosidase trait is conferred by a single recessive gene; rutinosidase-trace A (rutA). In addition, sensory panelists evaluated the bitterness of flour from trace-rutinosidase individuals and did not detect bitterness, whereas flour from normal rutinosidase individuals was found to have strong bitterness. Although at least three bitter compounds have been reported in Tartary buckwheat seeds, our present findings indicate that rutin hydrolysis is the major contributing factor to bitterness. In addition, the trace-rutinosidase line identified here, ‘f3g-162’, is a promising material for generating a non-bitter Tartary buckwheat variety.