著者

伊田 勝憲

出版者

心理科学研究会

雑誌

心理科学 (ISSN:03883299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.2, pp.28-41, 2008-05-30 (Released:2017-09-10)

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Various problems in adolescence or transition from childhood to adolescence have been considered deriving from identity diffusion. Recently, some researchers say that the construct of Erikson's identity becomes outdated. But identity diffusion should be reconsidered relating resolutions of the crises in other (previous) stages of psychosocial development. This study clarified the operational definition of Eriksonian industry by surveying Japanese version of four subscales to measure the crisis of latency because there are not many papers on Erikson's forth stage (industry vs. inferiority). According to the view of Kowaz et al., industry consists of three components (cognitive, behavioral and affective), and the items in four subscales cover most of them. But it is necessary to further investigate several aspects of these components, especially the relationship among competition, cooperation and industry. In addition, this study examines a new construct of assumed-competence, which is defined as emotion based on undervaluing others and low self-esteem, in connection with problem of psychosocial development. The new findings were that the undergraduates who demonstrated low assumed-competence showed a more satisfactory resolution to the crises of industry and identity than the subjects showing high assumed-competence, and that assumed-competence significantly correlated with competitive achievement motive, not with achievement motive for self-fulfillment. The pursuit of learning motivation based on the sense of industry is an issue in the future.

著者

布施 光代 郷式 徹 平沼 博将

出版者

心理科学研究会

雑誌

心理科学 (ISSN:03883299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.56-66, 2006-02-28 (Released:2017-09-10)

被引用文献数

2

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The purpose of this study was to investigate developmental changes in conceptions about living things and life in preschool children. Fifty- three preschoolers participated in the experiment. They were told to judge whether an object is a living things or not and whether an object has a life or not in each of 24 pictures consisting of elements of human, animals, plants, natural things, parts of the body, or inanimate objects. In addition, they were asked to judge whether to have the mind about same pictures. The results showed that, preschool children clearly distinguish neither the conceptions about living things nor life. This result was different from the distinction between an adult's living things concept and the concept of life. However, five-years old children regarded to have acquired folkbiology had the stricter criteria that distinguished animate and inanimate objects. On the other hand, four-years old children had the wider conception about living things and life. Moreover, preschool children had not understood the relation between the conceptions about living things and animated beings and the mental attribute yet.

著者

藤岡 秀樹

出版者

心理科学研究会

雑誌

心理科学 (ISSN:03883299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.2, pp.33-42, 2010-02-20 (Released:2017-09-10)

著者

古澤 聡司

出版者

心理科学研究会

雑誌

心理科学 (ISSN:03883299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.1, pp.10-28, 1985-09-30 (Released:2017-09-10)

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"The Section of Psychology, the Association of Japanese Democratic Scientists"had two principles.One was the democratic, and the other was the materialistic.These two principles have been historically discussed in this article.

著者

岩男 征樹

出版者

心理科学研究会

雑誌

心理科学 (ISSN:03883299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.2, pp.55-62, 2011-12-26 (Released:2017-09-10)

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The purpose of this paper was to examine the main target of critique in critical psychology. First, referring to the critical theory of Frankfurt School, I clarified that the main target of critique was both modern society and science. Second, I discussed that the critique to modernism and science was a philosophical foundation of psychological research. Third, I examined whether Critical Psychology in Germany as subjective science was a critical psychology of critique of modernism. Finally, I pointed out that critical psychologists needed tolerant of inadequate critiques of newcomers to facilitate the acceptance of the critical psychology in Japan.

著者

水野 君平 加藤 弘通 太田 正義

出版者

心理科学研究会

雑誌

心理科学 (ISSN:03883299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.63-73, 2017 (Released:2018-03-15)

参考文献数

29

著者

濤岡 優

出版者

心理科学研究会

雑誌

心理科学 (ISSN:03883299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.1, pp.1-16, 2020 (Released:2020-08-08)

参考文献数

33

著者

兵藤 宗吉

出版者

心理科学研究会

雑誌

心理科学 (ISSN:03883299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.2, pp.45-60, 1994-12-26 (Released:2017-09-10)

被引用文献数

1

著者

兵藤 宗吉

出版者

心理科学研究会

雑誌

心理科学 (ISSN:03883299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.2, pp.45-60, 1994

著者

加藤 義信

出版者

心理科学研究会

雑誌

心理科学 (ISSN:03883299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.2, pp.26-31, 2000

著者

加用 文男

出版者

心理科学研究会

雑誌

心理科学 (ISSN:03883299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.1, pp.74-88, 2005-02-28 (Released:2017-09-10)

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Thanks to the valuable works by the brain scientist A. R. Damasio (1994, 1999) that underlined the bodily bases for feelings, the correlation between the feeling and the body is receiving much attention today. In this paper I first discussed the significance of his theory as well as Wallon's theory of feelings (1932), which has so far been paid comparatively little attention in the English-speaking sphere. Next I argued that Wallon's theory of feelings is basically a theory of mutually coordinating interaction between center and periphery, and that it is quite different from James-Lange or Cannon-Bard theories. Then I proceeded to consider the various phenomena that I called "not corresponding feelings" and regarded as manifestations of what Wallon discussed in the theory, and classified them under four categories, in the hope that the classification will serve as a theoretical basis for future case-gathering efforts. The first of the categories I called "the feelings toward undefined subjects", under which come Freud's "anxiety", Damasio's "background emotions", and the emotional effects relevant to "the postural functions" that Wallon discussed. The second category was called "remaining and alteration". Anderson's study on the primacy effect (1965), the perseverance effect by Ross, Lepper and Hubbard (1975), and the non-effect of mitigating information by Zillman and Cantor (1976) are the instances of "remaining" I gave, and the suspension-bridge experiment by Dutton and Aron (1974) and the sexual attraction study by Dienstbier, R. A. (1979) come under "alteration". The third was called "strengthening and weakening". "strengthening" was seen, for instance, in a phenomenon when a laughter (or crying) is so compulsive it cannot be stopped, but I could not identify any studies on this subject. An example of the "weakening", on the other hand, was found in the survey by Bowlby (1979) on convalescent processes from the loss of a parent or spouse, which indicates crying is effective in alleviating grief. My argument is that the "weakening" phenomena is contradictory to both the James-Lange theory and the Cannon-Bard theory and can only be explained by the theory of mutually coordinating interaction. The fourth is "deviant expression", which includes such phenomena as tears out of anger or laughter, laughter out of extreme fear, and aggressive behavior as expression of joy, the last of which may be illustrated by some of the behaviors of the C type children in Ainsworth et al.'s SS method. Very few studies have been done on the subject, leaving a great deal of room for future research. I gave some examples of "deviant expression" I observed among children at nursing school. My overall conclusion is that theories on feelings today should be some kinds of revised two-factor theory-they, while recognizing the role of cognition in the formation of emotion emphasized in the two-factor theory by Schachter and Singer (1962), the theories of cognitive appraisal by Roseman et al. (1990), Smith and Lazarus (1993) and Scherer (1984, 1992, 1993), and the theory of secondary emotion by Damasio (1999), should also take the theory of mutually coordinating interaction of Wallon (1932) fully into consideration.

著者

山本 理絵 神田 直子

出版者

心理科学研究会

雑誌

心理科学 (ISSN:03883299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.2, pp.21-30, 2017 (Released:2018-03-15)

著者

加用 文男

出版者

心理科学研究会

雑誌

心理科学 (ISSN:03883299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.1, pp.1-19, 1992-05-31 (Released:2017-09-10)

被引用文献数

1

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Although a large number of studies have been made of make-believe play, little is known about the child's cognitive differentiation of fantasy and reality. A decade ago, Kayo(1981)proposed a new experimental method towards this problem. However, from the developmental point of view, much still remains to be done. This paper is intended as a further investigation of developmental change in this area. In experiment I, the experimenter began asking a child in play, "What are you doing?", and received the answer of an imaginary name or role, for example, "I'm making a pudding"or"I'm salesman". Later, the experimenter called the child or the pretend object by it sreal name, for example, "But this is sand, isn't it?"or"But you are Ryuji, aren't you?". The following results were obtained : None of younger food really as the experimenter had done. From these observatins, we can say with fair certainty that the mental movement of children(2:0-2:6)in play children(1:11:0-3:6)could make a valid objection. Older children(3:7-6:6)sometimes could make a valid objection. Based on these observations above, we can conclude that especially over 3 and a half years old, a child's psychological state in play is usually moving, changing and returning inside of make-believe. In experiment II, after the experimenter received play food, such as a "a pudding", from a child in play, he immediately put it into his mouth. The results were as follows : most of the older children(2:6-6:0)were startled and some of them burst out laughing. However, on the one hand, most of younger children(2:0-2:6)were not obviously startled, but on the other hand, many of them looked hard at the scene. Some of them actually began to eat the play lies between the two fixed states of makebelieve and non-makebilieve.

著者

大泉 溥

出版者

心理科学研究会

雑誌

心理科学 (ISSN:03883299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.1, pp.1-27, 2007-12-20 (Released:2017-09-10)

著者

竹内 謙彰

出版者

心理科学研究会

雑誌

心理科学 (ISSN:03883299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.2, pp.11-22, 2010-02-20

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The turning point of development around the ages of 9 and 10 years is especially critical for high-functioning pervasive developmental disorders (HFPDD) children. In this study, in order to grasp their fundamental needs, their unique way to understand others' mind was considered in light of the type of mentalization and compensatory strategies. While typically developing children acquire the theory of mind around 4 years of age based on intuitive mentalization, HFPDD children achieved it at last around 9 years of mental age depending only on propositional mentalization. To compensate their lack of intuitive mentalization, HFPDD children manage to anticipate others' behavior using verbal ability. Propositional mentalization without intuitive mentalization make them possible to speculate others' mind, but also often let them to misunderstand others. As a result, it was suggested that there are three fundamental needs for HFPDD children: (1) to reassure themselves about their relationship with others, (2) to acquire a sense of achievement, and (3) to develop their communication competence. It was finally indicated that clarifying the form and role of their speech is the important challenge in order to understand their internal world.

著者

加用 文男 中本 奈穂美

出版者

心理科学研究会

雑誌

心理科学 (ISSN:03883299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.59-62, 2007-07-20

被引用文献数

1

著者

加用 文男

出版者

心理科学研究会

雑誌

心理科学 (ISSN:03883299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.68-83, 2013-06-23 (Released:2017-09-10)

被引用文献数

1

著者

小平 朋江 いとう たけひこ

出版者

心理科学研究会

雑誌

心理科学 (ISSN:03883299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.55-62, 2017 (Released:2018-03-15)

参考文献数

21

著者

辻 あゆみ いとう たけひこ

出版者

心理科学研究会

雑誌

心理科学 (ISSN:03883299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.2, pp.112-128, 2021 (Released:2022-05-11)

参考文献数

60

被引用文献数

1

著者

辻 あゆみ いとう たけひこ

出版者

心理科学研究会

雑誌

心理科学 (ISSN:03883299)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.1, pp.29-48, 2023 (Released:2023-06-28)

参考文献数

43

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本研究では、発達障害児者の母親を一人の主体として捉え、その人生を家族や教師などの社会的関係から一考することを目指した。そのため、テキストマイニングと質的内容分析の併用による混合研究法を用いて10名の母親と元園長(支援者)との振り返り面接の記録を分析した。その結果、第一に、母親は家庭や教師をはじめとする人と社会的な関係を形成しながら生きていること、第二に、障害のある子どもを通しても人生を肯定的に意味づけるようになること、第三に、子どものみならず、社会に対しても願いを抱くようになることが示された。発達障害児者の母親は、子どもの幸せを願いながら、障害のある子どもを介して様々な人と出会い、多様な体験していることが明らかになった。旧知の関係にある元園長との対話を通しても、子育てにまつわる出来事を意味づけ、自己成長を見せると考察された。