文献一覧: 日本科学史学会 (出版者)

Robert Boyle (1627-91) is widely known as a leading Baconian in seventeenth-century English natural philosophy. But when and how did he familiarize himself with Francis Bacon's writings ? Which aspect of these works interested him in particular ? This paper addresses these questions by examining his citations of Bacon in chronological order. Around 1660, ten years into his scientific career, Boyle converted to Baconianism by adopting its characteristic method in natural history. Integrating various insights found in the Instauratio Magna (1620) into his own project, Boyle carefully modified Bacon's original teachings from the viewpoint of a professional experimental scientist.

2022-09-25 06:23:00
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1 0 0 0 OA シンポジウム:科学技術政策は変わるか-政権交代期の科学技術史-,2010年度年会報告(大会校企画)

著者: 木原英逸吉岡斉市野川容孝綾部広則
出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.50, no.257, pp.43-56, 2011 (Released:2021-07-22)

2022-09-25 06:23:00
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1 0 0 0 OA 紹介

出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.50, no.257, pp.57-61, 2011 (Released:2021-07-22)

2022-09-25 06:23:00
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1 0 0 0 OA 第二次世界大戦後の米国における軍による基礎研究への支援の決定 : 国防研究開発委員会とヴァネヴァー・ブッシュ

著者: 栗原岳史
出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.50, no.258, pp.65-76, 2011 (Released:2021-07-22)

After the end of the Second World War, the U.S. military services began to support basic research in ivilian institutions. They officially stated that they would transfer their basic research programs to the National Science Foundation (NSF), once it was established. But in fact they did not. This paper has analyzed the institutional processes in which the U.S. military services continued to support basic research after the establishment of the NSF. In July 1946, the US Army and Navy jointly established the Research and Development Board (RDB) to coordinate Their R & D activities. They appointed Vannevar Bush, a famous civilian scientific administrator and the director of the Office of Scientific Research and Development during the war, as Chairman of the RDB. Bush and some military officials attempted to set up a defense research division in the NSF, but they did not succeeded because President Truman vetoed in August 1947 the bill that they had proposed. As a result, the NSF was established without any military research divisions. Following the veto, debates continued among the military officials whether they should continue to support basic research programs in civilian institutions or transfer such support entirely to the NSF. During meetings of the RDB between 1948 and 1951, the decision was made that the military services would continue to support basic research even after the establishment of the NSF.

2022-09-25 06:23:00
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1 0 0 0 OA 幕府による硝石の統制 : 軍制改革と座・会所の設立

著者: 福田舞子
出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.50, no.258, pp.77-85, 2011 (Released:2021-07-22)

At the end of the Edo period, the Tokugawa Shogunate introduced Western military system in the military organization reform, and the reform gave rise to the situation that required a lot of gunpowder. Gunpowder was composed of 60-80% saltpeter, 8-25% sulfur and 10-20% charcoal. Saltpeter made up most of the materials of gunpowder, but Japan had no natural reserves of saltpeter. For acquisition of saltpeter, the Japanese relied on the import from China or artificial production. So on introducing Western military system, how to get saltpeter was regarded as important. Commondore Matthew Calbraith Perry's fleet that came to Japan in 1853 brought about the jump in saltpeter prices. The guild was responsible for control of the distribution channel of materials of gunpowder, especially saltpeter, and for produce of gunpowder under the Shogunate control, which led to the establishment of the guild of gunpowder (Awasegusuri-Za) in 1854. However, the production of gunpowder under the Shogunate control was not realized until the establishment of Meguro powder plant and the area of saltpeter production for the Shogunate (Shoseki-Gojiseijyo) in 1862-1863. The control of the distribution channel of materials of gunpowder, limited to saltpeter, was realized by establishment of the guild of saltpeter (Shoseki-Kaisyo) in 1863. The control of saltpeter by the Shogunate began with the plan of gunpowder guild in 1854, it is to say that arrival of Perry's fleet in Japan had a great impact on the production of gunpowder under the Shogunate.

2022-09-25 06:23:00
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1 0 0 0 OA 工部大学校創設再考 : 工部省による工学寮構想とその実施

著者: 和田正法
出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.50, no.258, pp.86-96, 2011 (Released:2021-07-22)

The Imperial College of Engineering (ICE or Kobu-Daigakko) in Tokyo, founded in 1873, was one of the most prominent modern institutions of engineering education in early Meiji Japan. Henry Dyer (1848-1918), the first principal of the college, says that he himself designed its curriculum on the ship from Britain to Japan, and it was accepted by the Meiji government without any modifications in 1873. Relying on his account, previous studies of the college mainly emphasized Dyer's contribution, ignoring that of the government. This paper examines the process of the establishment of the ICE by comparing the several plans for the college by the Ministry of Public Works, to which the college belonged, with those of Dyer. On this basis, the author argues that the system of engineering education at the college had been already settled by the Ministry before Dyer arrived in Japan, and that Dyer's contribution was limited to a detailed curriculum. There were critical differences in the intentions of the Ministry and Dyer for engineering education. For example, Dyer intended to give students a complete engineering education in a six-year course, while the Ministry intended to have students study abroad for a period after finishing the course. Although Dyer was proud that the college offered a higher level engineering education than universities in England and Scotland, leaders at the Ministry were not satisfied with an education in Japan alone, and decided to send students abroad for further studies.

2022-09-25 06:23:00
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1 0 0 0 OA 新しい視座に基づく製紙技術発展史(科学史入門)

著者: 小林良生
出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.50, no.258, pp.97-102, 2011 (Released:2021-07-22)

2022-09-25 06:23:00
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1 0 0 0 OA 大学変革期における科学史教育,2010年度年会報告

著者: 中根美知代佐藤賢一大谷卓史小山俊士村上祐子
出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.49, no.256, pp.232-246, 2010 (Released:2021-07-22)

2022-09-25 06:22:00
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1 0 0 0 OA 紹介

出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.49, no.256, pp.247-253, 2010 (Released:2021-07-22)

2022-09-25 06:22:00
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1 0 0 0 OA 『傷寒論』における薬用量の再検討 : 湯液方と丸散方の薬用量の比較

著者: 鈴木達彦遠藤次郎
出版者: 日本科学史学会
雑誌: 科学史研究 (ISSN:21887535)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.50, no.257, pp.1-8, 2011 (Released:2021-07-22)

This paper reveals the dosages of decoctions in Shanghanlun(傷寒論) in relation of pills and powder formulations, and obtains following results. At the first examination of the system of weight, while Taohongjing(陶弘景) shows three kinds of system of weight: [(1) lliang(両) is equivalent to 14 g. (2) lliang = 7 g (3) lliang = 1.4 g], he describes the necessity of the corrective system of weight among the decoctions, the pills and the powder formulations. After Song(宋) dynasty. Zhusanfa(煮散法), which is the method of preparing the decoction by placing powder ingredients of prescriptions in water and simmer, have been mainly adopted. In the term of Zhusanfa, although the whole quantities of prescriptions are written with the ancient weight unit, the notation of the dosage is indicated by the current weight unit, Qian(銭). In Shanghanlun, since the dosage form seems to have been changed from the pills or the powders into the decoction, some of decoctions contain impractical dose for decoction.

2022-09-25 06:22:00
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