著者

鍵和田 聖子

出版者

東洋英和女学院大学

雑誌

東洋英和大学院紀要 (ISSN:13497715)

巻号頁・発行日

no.1, pp.53-72, 2005

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This is a study of mandalas unique to Esoteric Buddhism and the influence they had on religious developments in Japan, especially in terms of movements toward a union of Buddhism and Shintoism. Several sites of esoteric Buddhism are examined, including Koyasan, Hieizan, Kumano, and stone images of the Buddha found in Oita Prefecture. Since ancient times, natural phenomen, especially mountains, were considered as gods or kami in Japan. This polytheistic nature of Shinto agreed with Buddhism, and allowed Japanese to believe that the Buddha could be identified with the Japanese gods.This identification between Buddhist deities and nature influenced the themes portrayed in Buddhist iconography, particularly the mandala. The lack of a sense of the absolute also contributed to change in the construction of mandalas. Furthermore, these "emblems of the other world" were somewhat more malleable in Japan, perhaps because Japanese themselves felt so close to the other world. In was through this indigenization of the mandala that we can see the indigenization of Buddhism, that is the transformation of Buddhism into a Japanese religion.

著者

小久保 康之

出版者

東洋英和女学院大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2017-04-01

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スイス国民党(SVP)が主導する大量移民規制を定める憲法改正案が2014年2月9日の国民投票で可決されたことに伴い、人の自由移動について合意した1999年のスイス・EU双務協定に祖語が生じ、スイスは対EU関係の悪化が懸念される事態に陥っていた。移民規制について新たに導入された憲法121a条とその関連条文では、3年以内に移民規制に関する法律を定めることや、121a条に抵触する国際条約を再交渉することが規定されていた。スイス政府は、EUとの双務条約の再交渉の余地を探るが、EU側は「人の自由移動」はEU市場の根幹を構成する要素であり、再交渉には応じられないとし、更に、英国が2016年6月の国民投票でEU離脱派が勝利を収めたことにより、非EU加盟国であるスイスとの再交渉が英国のEU離脱交渉に影響を与える事を恐れ、スイスとの正式な再交渉には一切応じないとの姿勢を崩さなかった。スイス政府は、2016年3月に移民規制に関する法案を提出するが、連邦議会はそれを否決し、同年12月16日に急進民主党と社会党が中心となって提出した「外国人に関する連邦法」が連邦議会で可決された。同法は、明確な形で移民規制を行うことを避け、スイス人の就労機会を優先させることに限定するものであり、憲法121a条は骨抜きにされた。同法に関する政令が2017年12月に発令され、2018年7月1日より、失業率が8%を超える業種について、スイス人失業者に優先的に雇用案内が提示されること、2020年1月からは失業率が5%を超える業種に適用されることなどが定められた。EU側は、スイスのこれらの一方的な措置がスイス・EU間の人の自由移動を妨げるものではないとして歓迎し、スイス・EU関係の悪化は回避された。この一連の動きから、非EU加盟国であるスイスがEUの基本原則に従わざるを得ない状況にある実態を明らかにすることができた。

著者

秋本 倫子

出版者

東洋英和女学院大学

雑誌

人文・社会科学論集 (ISSN:09157794)

巻号頁・発行日

no.30, pp.59-82, 2012

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A worldwide best seller Yoru to Kiri (the original German title : EIN PSYCHOLOGE ERLEBT DAS KONZENTRATIONSLAGER, the Enlish title: Man's Search for Meaning) was written by a Jewish psychiatrist Viktor E. Frankl. It was first translated into Japanese by Tokuji Shimoyama, a clinical psychologist and a professor emeritus at Sophia University (an ex-professor of Toyo Eiwa University). Since its publication, it has been read by many people over generations. The book has tremendous power toinspire and to encourage. After he was released from the Nazi concentration camps, he continued to work as a psychiatrist, taught at universities, gave lectures around the world, and lived to be 92. He is a miraculous psychiatrist and a psychologist of a kind that cannot be found anywhere.The aim of this paper was to re-read Yoru to Kiri and examine both from the perspective of modern trauma psychology (1) what kind of psychological reactions, defense mechanisms or coping behaviors Frankl resorted to while he was imprisoned in the Nazi concentration camps, (2) how he overcame the trauma and adapted to his life after the war, and by referencing some literature on his life and on Holocaust survivors' psychology, (3) what kind of defense mechanisms or coping behaviors were effective in surviving extreme situations.Results:(1) It was found that Frankl showed at least some traumatic symptoms: extreme fear, denial or undoing, dissociation, repetitive and intrusive reactions (nightmares and obsession) , paralyzed or limited emotions, reduced interests, irritability and anger. The nightmares persisted till his ninties. (2) Frankl was not only using the coping behaviors as the Holocaust survivors in the literature, but he 82 was also rich in resources: intelligence, being a psychiatrist, warm and loving family elationships, and Jewish faith. More than anything, he supported himself by his firm convi ction that the life is worthwhile living no matter how harsh it may be.Conclusion: Frankl may have been a gifted person in many ways. But more than anything, he was willing, instead of giving in to the "fate", he was willing to take responsibility to find the right answers and fulfill the tasks given to him. He lived with this belief all his life and has been other people's lives meaningful.

著者

宮崎 正康

出版者

東洋英和女学院大学

雑誌

東洋英和大学院紀要 (ISSN:13497715)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.41-57, 2011-03-15

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The purpose of this article is to help junior high school students understand the age when the Manchurian Incident occurred.The Kwantung army responsible for the defense of Manchurian railway caused the Manchurian Incident. Not only the Kwantung army but also the majority of the military felt strong dissatisfaction with domestic affairs and the diplomacy of the Hamaguchi Cabinet. The Hamaguchi Cabinet returned tothe gold standard at the time when the World Economic Crisis had occurred, and as a result the Showa era panic became intense. The unemployed increased while the Showa era panic was deteriorating, workers' salaries decreased, and the incomes of farmers had decreased especially. In the military, there were many drafted farmers. It was transmitted to the military that farmers' lives were very severe from these recruits,and the military came to have a strong criticism of the economic policy of the Hamaguchi Cabinet.Moreover, the Hamaguchi Cabinet took the policy of international cooperation that cooperated with America and Europe in diplomacy. However, the military thought that America and Europe were trying to rule Asia,and tried to limit the military force in Japan. Consequently it became impossible to oppose America and Europe by the policy of international cooperation of the Hamaguchi Cabinet.The Kwantung army thought that they were able to oppose America and Europe by occupying the whole of Manchuria, and enlarging the financial strength and the military force in Manchuria based on the plan of Japan. In addition, the Kwantung army thought that it would become easy to live for the farmers, and the development of Manchuria would be possible, if farmers who had decreased their incomes sharply in the Showa era panic were made to migrate to Manchuria. It is not easy at all to make junior high school students understand the age over which powers of the world fought using military force like this. However, it is thought that junior high school students' understanding will advance and they will come to be able to discuss this age if an appropriate teaching material is given. This article presents such an appropriate teaching material and proposes the method of teaching to junior high school students.

著者

宮崎 正康

出版者

東洋英和女学院大学

雑誌

重点領域研究

巻号頁・発行日

1993

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「経済復興政策と経済団体」に関して、以下の研究を行った。1.戦後復興政策に関連して、企業再建整備の過程で累積した重点産業の新勘定赤字を処理する政策について分析を深めた(発表論文を参照)。2.戦後の株式市場の復興と育成において、財界、政界、官界が果たした役割について検討した。(1)戦後、GHQにより証券取引所が閉鎖され、株式市場はほとんど何もないところから再建されることとなった。株式を介した直接金融の発展が、企業復興・経済発展に不可欠であることを認識し、株式市場の復興に最も積極的に活動した政治家は池田勇人であり、金融人では一万田尚澄等であった。(2)日本証券取引所の平和不動産への改組、証券取引所の再開、東京証券株式会社の日本証券金融会社への改組、投資信託の営業許可等、株式市場の復興・育成に関する占領期の大きな問題の解決には、それぞれ池田勇人や一万田尚澄等のバックアップやGHQへの働きかけがあった。(3)株式関係者、あるいはより広く経済関係者は、これらの有力者を公的・私的にもりたてる行動をとった。例えば池田については、池田の出席る二黒会や火曜会といった会が定期的にもたれていた。二黒会には、小林中、堀田庄三、水野成夫、東畑精一とともに、山一証券の小池厚之助が参加していたし、火曜会には、桜田武、水野成夫、小林中、永野重雄とともに野村証券の奥野綱雄が参加していた。

著者

小谷 みどり

出版者

東洋英和女学院大学

巻号頁・発行日

2009

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博士論文

著者

岡井 崇之

出版者

東洋英和女学院大学

雑誌

東洋英和大学院紀要 (ISSN:13497715)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, pp.25-37, 2012-03-15

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The purpose of this study is to consider the relationship between media discourse and socialchange. I examine them in theoretical aspect, and then I would like to provide new analytical framework. First, I review some discussions in media studies and sociology to analyze social change. Although the effects of mass media on social and cultural change have been discussed within mass communication theory, it has been considered that it is difficult to measure them strictly. Recently, the approach of discourse analysis has become increasingly important in media studies. But the focus on media discourse has shown a lack of interest in macro factors. It is also pointed out that social change theory in sociology raises many theoretical questions. Second, I suggest new perspectives in the study of discourse analysis, including the conversationalization of discourse and global discourse that articulates micro discourse and the macro structure of society. By the concept of the conversationalization of discourse, Fairclough suggested important implicationsfor the ideology of conversation and social change towards entertainment. On the other hand, Machin & Van Leeuwen have focused on globalization as discourse, analyzing the three aspects of genre, language, and image from the perspective of style and format. As a result, the following results were obtained: 1) Global media formats enter localities through a number of routes. Local media may copy global formats. 2) Media genre formats and technologies are increasingly globalized and homogenized. Such genres, formats, and technologies are not neutral containers of content. They carry meaning and value themselves. 3) In the above discussion, it is important that social change is traced to consumer capitalism. Finally, I concluded that that the accumulation of case studies in the context of Japanese society is important.

著者

Sippel Patricia

出版者

東洋英和女学院大学

雑誌

東洋英和大学院紀要 (ISSN:13497715)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.1-20, 2011-03-15

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本稿はカナダ・メソジスト教会婦人伝道会社に派遣され、東洋英和女学校の初期を形成した三人の女性伝道者たちの異文化交流に焦点を当てる。創立者であるマーサー・J・カートメル(1845-1945)の滞在期間は病気により短いものとなった。イライザ・スペンサー・ラージ(1855-1933)は、校舎において目の前で夫を殺害され、後には日本におけるカナダ・メソジスト伝道運動を脅かすほどの闘いに挑むこととなる。そしてアグネス・ウィントミュート・コーツ(1864-1945)は、当初伝道のために精力的な活動をするも、来る戦時期には長きにわたる疎外と孤独な死が彼女を待ち受けていた。書簡、報告書、議事録を紐解いていくことで、日本という生活環境そして布教の地でカナダ人伝道者たちが経験した国際交流の複雑さを素描する。

著者

根岸 隆

出版者

東洋英和女学院大学

雑誌

東洋英和大学院紀要 (ISSN:13497715)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.1-12, 2005-04-01

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We defended Marshall from modern economic theorists' false accusation that he forgot producers' surplus in his proposition of the tax-subsidy scheme. After due attention is paid to Brahmananda's pioneering contribution, we argued, firstly, that Marshall did not forget producers' surplus but merely considered the case of no producers' surplus, in view of his distinction between the supply curve and the particular expenses curve and the long-run nature of the equilibrium considered. In addition to this purely theoretical vindication (rational reconstruction), we argued further more, from the view point of the history of economic thought, that Marshall did not forget producers' surplus in The Pure Theory, which was aimed at specialist readers, but deliberately assumed it away in Principles, which was aimed at more general readers. Finally, in view of the recent rapid development of the theoretical and applied general equilibrmm theory, we emphasize the role of Marshallian particular equilibrium analysis as a heuristic method.

著者

小久保 康之

出版者

東洋英和女学院大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2011-04-28

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本研究では、ヨーロッパの小国がEU統合に対してどのように向き合っているかと検証した。非EU加盟のノルウェー、アイスランドはEEA(欧州経済領域)の枠組みを通じて、スイスはEUとの分野別双務協定を通じて、EUとの密接な関係を維持することでEU統合と共存する道を探っていることを明らかにした。その中で、アイスランドはEU加盟も検討しているが、世論が2分している状況も精査した。また、ベルギーはEU統合を更に深化させることが同国の国益に繋がると考えており、マルタも忠実な加盟国としての姿勢を見せることで、EU統合の枠組みを活用しようとしている様を明らかにすることができた。

著者

岩田 和子

出版者

東洋英和女学院大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2007

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占代オリエントにおいても誓いは法的領域と宗教的領域の双方に跨る現象であり、様々な場面に見られる。重要な文献資料であるアッカド語の「エサルハドン誓約文書」とその関連文書を原文に即して研究することにより、当時の誓いのあり方を明らかにした。

著者

津守 滋

出版者

東洋英和女学院大学

雑誌

人文・社会科学論集 (ISSN:09157794)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.53-78, 2006-03

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In the East Asian region de facto economic integration has been increasingly progressing since the nineties. Against this backdrop the possibility of forming an institutional framework for this "natural economic zone" has been deliberated to further promote the mutual interdependence of trade, investment and other economic relations. In December 2005 the leaders of ASEAN+3 (Japan, Korea and China)+India, Australia and New Zealand gathered in Malaysia to explore the possibility of giving birth to an "East Asian community". In order to get a clue as to whether East Asia would and could establish eventually a kind of "pluralistic comprehensive security community" beyond an economic community, the following political and security problems should be examined. Firstly, whether differences of stances and policies in the political and security issues could pose a hindrance to this kind of undertaking, and, if yes, to what extent? Secondly, whether the deepening and widening of economic integration could lead to integration in the political and security sphere? Thirdly, what should be done to form eventually a political and security community in this region? Whatever the answers to these questions may be, the past 2 Malaysian Summits in December 2005 marked a milestone in the direction of the emerging regionalism suitable for East Asia.

著者

伊藤 之雄

出版者

東洋英和女学院大学

雑誌

研究紀要 (ISSN:02879123)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.3-9, 1977

著者

平山 正実

出版者

東洋英和女学院大学

雑誌

東洋英和大学院紀要 (ISSN:13497715)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.25-42, 2005-04-01

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While looking into the life history of Elisabeth Kubler Ross I studied her view of life and death. In particular, I paid attention to the view presented in her maiden work titled "The Moment of Death" (1969) in which she wrote : "patients are led to their deaths by following five steps of psychological processes". Paying special attention to this theory, I used her autobiography as my references to find out how her view on life and death was reflected in her biography and I made an analytic study at it. Additionally, I focused on her anger at death and acceptance of death and compared her view with that of Job, a man of righteousness described in the Old Testament. In this way. I clarified the points of similarities and differences between the two and sought for a way in which people living the modem age may accept their own illnesses and death.

著者

小坂 和子

出版者

東洋英和女学院大学

雑誌

人文・社会科学論集 (ISSN:09157794)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, pp.1-18, 2001