著者
張 純紅
出版者
桃山学院大学
雑誌
桃山学院大学経済経営論集 (ISSN:02869721)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.49, no.3, pp.215-253, 2007-11-20

The ratio of the Japanese women to men's earnings(wage gap)in percentage remained at approximately 66 in 2005. The women-men wage gap of Japan has decreased, but narrowing the gap is extremely slow compared with other advanced countries such as the USA(81), the UK(78), France(78 in 2002)and Germany(72). This is a large and somehow puzzling question(figure 2-1). This study explores into the Japanese wage differentials between men and women, clarifying factors which have brought to the bigger wage gap. This study examined the Japanese Employment Practices, finding several possible explanations for the gender gap in wage. First is employment discrimination of a lifetime employment, behind which there has been the generally accepted idea. That is the Japanese sex role specialization system(men work for a living, and women do housework and child care). The second is that various family allowances and promotion are preferentially given to men, which also reflects the Japanese sex role specialization system. The third is that there has been sex discrimination of job specification and an unequal personnel performance evaluation underlying the Japanese seniority order wage system. Full-time women's wage increase and promotion have been extremely small and slow compared with those of full-time men. Moreover this study explores the actual women's labor force status such as labor force participation rate, work experience, and the number of managerial staff and part-timers. This women's situation explains lower wages under the Japanese seniority order wage system. The Japanese women's labor force participation rate depicts M-shape, which means that they are retired for marriage and child care. Therefore the Japanese women relatively have shorter work experience than men, and fewer numbers of them are assigned to a managerial position. The number of poorly paid women part-timers have greatly increased. Since 1990s, it is expected that the enactment of various antidiscrimination legislation has an effect on narrowing the Japanese gender gap in wage, but they are imperfect measures, and many deep-rooted prejudices to women still remain in the Japanese company and society, accordingly the greater improvement will not be expected in the near future. It will be a greater challenge of Japan on how the human capital of women is used usefully.
著者
信夫 千佳子
出版者
桃山学院大学
雑誌
桃山学院大学総合研究所紀要 (ISSN:1346048X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.40, no.2, pp.29-65, 2015-01-30

The Cell Production System with an autonomous and decentralized organization, has challenges on how each cell integrates itself with other cells as well as, on how it manages itself autonomously. In this system each cell manages their operations and transactions with other departments or outsourcing companies. As operators' technical abilities grew by advancing job enlargement and job enrichment, they became able to propose ideas to match customer's needs or wants. For this purpose, various education to enhance operators' technical abilities were conducted. In a model cell they sought solutions of the challenges by repeating trials and errors. In each cell, adaptability was not obstructed by limited knowledge and information that cell has, and operators autonomously challenged new KAIZEN. At that time computer technology that were being widely used, affected cell production system. Integration of a cell with other cells, with other departments, and with outsourcing companies, enhanced merits by direct transactions, while avoided demerits through clear division of works and coordination by the factory manager. Integration of factory operators was advanced furthermore by enhancing "visualization (implementation of visual control)" and by changing jobs of staff. In this factory employees noted again the principle of Toyota production systems that make excellent quality products at just-in-time. In the results they thought that this factory is better suited with "push system" and "hybrid system" rather than "pull system" of production. Concerning production lot, they made use of period lots for production to order. Concerning the number of operators and equipments they prepared capacity buffer for working flexibly. In this factory the trust relationship between top management and factory manager, factory manager and operators, gave good effects for the integration of cell production systems. In this way cell production systems of the case were constructed on the foundation of lean production systems. It seems that for a factory without any foundations of lean production system, it is difficult to construct these cell production systems as this factory developed.
著者
宮本 孝二
出版者
桃山学院大学
雑誌
桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.48, no.2, pp.1-26, 2015-02-27

Anthony Giddens published Capitalism and Modern Social Theory in 1971 and Politics and Sociology in the Thought of Max Weber in 1972 on the base of his studies on Weber's works. This paper, which is a part of my research project Giddens and Sociologists, aims to examine how Giddens used products of his studies on Weber's works in constructing his social theory since 1973. First, introducing his interpretations of Weber's works in Capitalism and Modern Social Theory, I depict the entire structure of Weber's social theory. Second, introducing his examination of relationships between Weber's political ideology shown in his political works and social theory shown in academic works, it will be made clear that the strong interest in contradictions brought by economic and political rationalization was consistent in his politics and sociology. Third, I research how Giddens has tackled central problems in social theory by learning much from Weber's social theory and politics.
著者
竹内 正己
出版者
桃山学院大学
雑誌
桃山学院大学産業貿易研究所報
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1, pp.2-25, 1969-03-25
著者
高橋 ひとみ
出版者
桃山学院大学
雑誌
桃山学院大学人間科学 (ISSN:09170227)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.12, pp.67-81, 1997-03-15

For nearly 110 years, we have been implementing only Far-Vision Tests in Vision Tests at elementary schools. For this paper, I investigated the kinds of Vision Test that meet the needs of the times. I implemented Near-Vision Tests five times at K Elementary School and N Elementary School between 1992 and 1994. Each time I discovered some Near-Vision children, but they had been given no help because, being Near-Vision children, they had not been identified by the Vision Test. However, using a Non-Space Low Vision Tester, I have verified that accurate tests can be carried out on both Far-Vision children and Near-Vision children at the same time. The paper closes with an appeal for Near-Vision as well as Far-Vision Tests to be implemented in elementary school's in the future.
著者
高橋 ひとみ 川端 秀仁 衞藤 隆
出版者
桃山学院大学
雑誌
桃山学院大学人間科学 (ISSN:09170227)
巻号頁・発行日
no.41, pp.57-97, 2011-10-25

Children are given visual acuity tests at school. The purpose of the tests is to facilitate school education. There are two types of visual acuity: far-vision and near-vision visual acuity. Far-vision visual acuity is required, for example, when reading something written on a white board in a classroom. On the other hand, near-vision visual acuity is needed when reading textbooks, notebooks, or when looking at computer screens. However, only far-vision visual acuity tests are stipulated in the "School Health Law". As a result, a near-vision visual acuity test is not typically included in medical examinations at public schools. However, we believe that a near-vision visual acuity test is necessary, and so in this paper we analyze some basic data about the relationship between children's near-vision visual acuity and their vision-related behavior. For the purposes of the paper, we examined both far-vision and near-vision visual acuity tests of elementary school children. We found that children whose far-vision visual acuity was under 1.0 had 4 vision-related behavioral problems, and that children whose near-vision visual acuity was under 0.8 had six such problems. Children whose far-vision visual acuity is found to be lacking are given remedial treatment to improve their eyesight. We therefore strongly recommend the addition of near-vision visual acuity tests in public schools so that children found to have near-vision acuity problems can be given treatment too.
著者
木下 栄二
出版者
桃山学院大学
雑誌
桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.44, no.2, pp.193-224, 2011-03-28

How can the research trends in Japanese family sociology of the past two decades be described from the perspectives of social research? The author tries to explore the trends, if any, by reviewing the related articles in Japanese Journal of Family Sociology and Annals of Family Studies, focusing on the data collecting methods and the objects of the analysis. This review shows that qualitative studies are on the wax and quantitative studies are, on the other hand, on the wane in number. In qualitative studies, articles using interview methods have increased remarkably. The main objects of the interview are women such as wife and mother, while new objects like care-workers and non-heterosexuals have recently emerged. In quantitative studies, articles using first hand data have decreased and those using secondary analysis have increased. The objects of the analysis are inclined to concentrate on the member of the nuclear family", especially wives and mothers. The author suggests that the research target should include men's experience in family life, so that the qualitative and quantitative studies can be more correlated, leading to leveling up the quality of the articles using quantitative approaches.
著者
竹内 靖子
出版者
桃山学院大学
雑誌
挑戦的萌芽研究
巻号頁・発行日
2012-04-01

キャンプ活動が知的・発達障がい児・者の「生活の質」「自立」「発達」にいかに貢献できるのかアメリカと日本のキャンプについて実証的に研究した。①知的・発達障がい児・者対象キャンプ関係者への聞き取り ②大阪市とその近郊のキャンプ実態調査 ③知的・発達障がい児・者対象キャンプ実践を行い、「参与観察」ならびに参加者とその家族への「質問紙調査」によりデータを収集し検討した。結果、キャンプ活動は、①参加者の「生活の質」「自立」「発達」に良い影響を与えていること。②参加者に加え家族やキャンプ関係者も「成長」する機会を得ること。③良い影響を継続するためには個別支援や運営に工夫が必要なことが明らかになった。
著者
小池 誠
出版者
桃山学院大学
雑誌
桃山学院大学総合研究所紀要 (ISSN:1346048X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.27, no.1, pp.43-56, 2001-07-10

The aim of this paper is to explore the relationship between globalization and culture by focusing on the international distribution of the Indian cinema. Nowadays globalization is discussed in various ways. I take it as a basic premise of my argument that globalization has complex impacts on nations and local societies in the world and these operate in a contradictory fashion. While it leads to the process of homogenization and the formation of a 'global village,' the opposing tendencies towards differentiation and segmentation are proceeding now. This paper deals with three points: globalization which is conceived in the Indian movies, the global distribution of Indian cinema, and the way of discussing Indian cinema and globalization. The international market of cinema is not dominated solely by American cinema, but Indian movies have a certain share in the world. I conclude that globalization has brought us more diversified cultural products we can consume and enjoy, among which the Indian movies play a significant role in the cinema world.
著者
島田 克彦
出版者
桃山学院大学
雑誌
桃山学院大学総合研究所紀要 (ISSN:1346048X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.38, no.2, pp.25-40, 2013-02-28

In this paper, we report the outcomes of the Study Group on Regional Archives, a St. Andrew's community collaborative research projects. Our research activities have been carried out by focusing on two areas. First, we engaged in research on revision of the regulations concerning management of official documents in Osaka City in accordance with the recent enactment of the law on management of official documents. We seek the improvement of management, preservation, and public presentation of historical official documents. However, there are many problems concerning the function and management of Osaka City's archives with regard to successful and effective citizens' use of such resources. Second, establishment and presentation of a website called "NAVI for Regional Archives in Osaka." This website provides information on the location of regional archives, guidelines for use of museums or archives, and so on. By establishing this website, we aim to expand practical use of regional archives by increasing public awareness of these valuable resources.
著者
本間 栄男
出版者
桃山学院大学
雑誌
桃山学院大学人間科学 (ISSN:09170227)
巻号頁・発行日
no.39, pp.1-27, 2010-12-15

In this paper, I aim at describing the passion for bibliography-making in the history of science in Japan and U.S.A. and suggesting a modest contribution of the bibliographies of the history of science to classifying library books. In Isis, the journal of the history of science in U.S.A. launched by George Alfred Leon Sarton (1884-1956), the bibliographies were main contents. Sarton's passion for bibliography-making is still inherited as the Current Bibliography, supported by the organized backup. In Japan, Kagakushi Kenkyu (Journal of History of Science, Japan) has had bibliographies in some periods before and after the WWII, owing to some personal efforts, but lost them since 1995. From the viewpoint of history of science, it is undesirable that the books of science are classified into too subdivided disciplines in the library, because the disciplines of science have been reorganized to synthesize or split.
著者
藤沢 道郎
出版者
桃山学院大学
雑誌
桃山学院大学人文科学研究 (ISSN:02862700)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.9, no.1, pp.83-110, 1973-11-15