著者

松原 栄

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学キリスト教論集 (ISSN:0286973X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, pp.25-50, 1988-03-31

著者

安原 佳子

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学総合研究所紀要 (ISSN:1346048X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.2, pp.75-87, 2011-01-31

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Community living for people with intellectual disabilities requires the organization of services and also help and support. Especially, public services are necessary for them to live in the community. However, services alone are minimal here in Japan. Therefore, it is important that they also have ample informal supports in order to enhance the quality of their lives. One of the most effective informal supports is relationships built among peer groups-including people with and without disabilities-in their childhood and adolescence. Their peer group provides various supports for them when needed, and enhances their quality of life by providing a richer variety of options for their everyday lives.

著者

面地 敦

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

国際文化論集 (ISSN:09170219)

巻号頁・発行日

no.33, pp.23-56, 2005-12

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Generally, the fourth war between Venice and Genoa (the "War of Chioggia") is famous because this war had a decisive impact on Mediterranean trade. But, behind the war, there was another important war between Venice and Padua on the Italian mainland. This war is less famous, and many historians have paid little attention to it.Until the second half of the fourteenth century, Padua had not threatened Venice, but Francesco I, lord of Padua from 1355 to 1388, changed this situation: he entered into an alliance with Hungary against Venice.During the War of Chioggia (1378_1381), on sea the army of Genoa was the main body of the nti-Venice army, but on the mainland the lord of Padua had the initiative, helping the Genovese army, while also attacking and occupying many cities subordinate to Venice.While Venice fought against Genoa in Chioggia, its point of access to the sea, on the mainland it also fought against Francesco I to secure its commercial route to Germany and Lombardia. The important city for both Venice and Padua was Treviso, because without this city Venice could not maintain its surface trade routes with other Italian cities, and with the European states.In June of 1380, the Venetian army defeated the Genovese army at Chioggia, but on the mainland Padua remained dangerous, attacking not only Treviso but also other small cities allied to Venice. Because of its financial and military difficulties, Venice could not assist its subordinate cities very much. The city of Treviso was well-defended, and the army of Padua did not succeed in occupying it. But the Venetian government judged that it would be difficult to defend Treviso, because the alliance of Padua and Hungary made then much stronger than Venice, and because they disrupted the transport of food and necessities between Venice and its subordinate cities. Also, Venice could not pay its the soldiers satisfactorily. Finally, Venice decided to cede the city to the Duke of Austria. In the Peace of Turin (1381), Padua got some territory nearTreviso, but not Treviso itself, so, the Lord of Padua, declared war against Austria, too. Three years later, in 1384, he bought Treviso for 100.000 ducats from the Duke of Austria, who had given up the attempt to hold the city. In this way, Francesco I continued to be a danger to Venice until 1388 when Padua city fell to the allied army of Milan and Venice. This episode forced Venice to reflect deeply on its of the control of the Italian mainland.In this sense, the "War of Chioggia" was a very significant event.

著者

竹内 真澄

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.1-28, 1989-03-20

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Habermas is one of the most influential Sociologists in the modern world. In 1981, he published "Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns", which is characterized as a summary of his theory today. In this book, he attempted to put two approaches together. Functionalistic approach and phenomenological approach. But, how relate System and Lifeworld was represented in his works in the 1960's already. In my essay, I think that Habermas had two schemata. One was <Society-State> schema, the other was <System-Life-world> schema. He derived <System-Lifeworld> schema from <Society-State> schema. Actuality of his social theory lies in this point.

著者

有川 康二

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学人間科学 (ISSN:09170227)

巻号頁・発行日

no.33, pp.83-118, 2007-06-08

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This paper argues for Kayne's (1984) Connectedness Condition which is aimed at accounting for the island effect first discovered by Ross (1967). An island is a structure out of which an element cannot escape. A variable which is confined in an island is not related to the operator outside the island. The study of islands, or the boundary condition for structures that allow operator-variable relations, is important, because the displacement builds operator-variable relations and because displacement is a characteristic of human natural language. Displacement is a phenomenon in which the actual position of an element in a sentence is distinct from the position where it is interpreted.The island effect is a long-standing formidable problem that resists a simple and elegant explanation. Linguists have tried hard and proposed various conditions and principles to explain the island effect, such as the Subjacency Condition, the ECP (Empty Category Principle), the CED (Condition on Extraction Domain), barriers, Relativized Minimality, the MLC (Minimal Link Condition), the PIC (Phase Impenetrability Condition), etc. Various factors have been considered;(a) the nature of empty category e (trace t or original) that has been left by movement (of the copy),e. g. , whether e is a sister of a lexical category L, or whether e is properly governed , (b) the structure of islands, e. g. , whether islands contain adjunction structure, or whether the specifier position is occupied, (c) the position of islands, e. g. , whether the island is a sister of L, (d) the manner of movement, e. g. , whether the movement crosses more than two bounding nodes (barriers) at a time, whether each step in a movement is the shortest possible, whether the movement is internal Merge, whether the movement takes place cyclically, whether the movement takes place within the same structure-building space, or takes place between distinct spaces (sideward movement), (e) the timing of movement, e. g. , whether the movement takes place before Spell-Out, etc.Kayne's (1984) take on islands is new and insightful: the language system in the human brain is solving a legibility problem of classic topology, i. e. , is it possible from e to reach the antecedent by drawing with one stroke of the brush? A legibility problem is posed by external systems (the thought system and the perception-motor system) which are connected to the language system, which the language system must solve in order for it to be identified by external systems. An example of classic topological problems is Euler's path : is it possible to cross seven bridges by passing each bridge once?, a hard problem posed by a citizen of the then Konigsberg in1736 (now Kaliningrad in Russia), which is the origin of graph theory in mathematics.Euler's Path (Can one draw this with one stroke of the brush? If not, prove it. )Euler proved that it is not possible to draw it with one stroke, providing necessary and sufficient (iff) conditions for the path solution.Kayne's (1984) Connectedness Condition is a legibility problem that the language system solves in the optimal way. An acceptable sentence is the optimal solution to the Connectedness Condition, topological in nature.

著者

小野 良子

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

英米評論 (ISSN:09170200)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.57-71, 2000-12-20

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The female figures in Shakespeare's comedies, such as Rosalind in As You Like It and Viola in Twelfth Night, are traditionally portrayed as healthily asexual heroines by women actors on the modern stage or screen. The disguised heroine as witty, eloquent, and beautiful boy who is erotically alluring to another female figure in the play reveals in the final act the female body in the female clothes to celebrate her own marriage to a male superior. The cross-dressing of the female figure is simply taken for granted as a theatrical convention and never raises sociopolitical issues concerning sexuality and gender among the modern audience. However, for the critical reader of Shakespeare's plays transvestism and 'the body beneath' of the female figures are of much consequence in speculating on the representation and its reinterpretation of the Elizabethan stage. Every Shakespeare student knows that there were no professional women actors on the English stage before 1660, and that the female roles had been played by young male actors. The taking of female parts by boy actors should not be dismissed as the convention. Indeed, this fact has raised crucial issues of postmodern cultural criticism among Shakespearean readers. From the recent critical point of view, identity, either gendered or sexed, has been seen as a historical production. The human subject is considered the ideological product of the relations of power in the Elizabethan patriarchal society. The theatre then becomes an agent of the absolutist state, reproducing the state's strategies and celebrating and confirming its power. The purpose for my essay is to examine the process by which power is produced and legitimated on the Shakespearean stage and to lead to the argument which explores possibilities of reinterpretation and its cultural production of Shakespeare's comedies on the modern Japanese stage. This paper traces the contemporary anti-theatrical campaign and its discourse which condemned the closs-dressing of the boy actor as the threat to the male identity and hierarchical society itself; and then speculates upon the relation between the boy actor and the woman he plays-the imaginedbody of a woman, a staged body of a boy actor-and how clothes embodied and determined a particular sexual identity and contradictory fantasies of the body beneath.

著者

高橋 ひとみ 衞藤 隆 川端 秀仁

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

2010

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学校教育を円滑に進めるには、遠見視力と近見視力が必要である。現行の遠見視力検査のみでは、多様な「視力の問題」を抱える子どもの対処は不可能であることを明らかにし、教育現場へ近見視力検査を導入するために、時間・労力・費用が最少で、信憑性がある簡易近見視力検査を考案した。視力低下予防と視力改善の効果が認められた眼精疲労改善トレーニングと簡易近見視力検査の全国的な普及を図りながら、疫学的データー収集を行った。

著者

栗原 貞一

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学キリスト教論集 (ISSN:0286973X)

巻号頁・発行日

no.12, pp.p21-42, 1976-03

著者

片桐 新自

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.21-53, 1990-09-28

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At the present time, comics is one of the typical Japanese mass culture, which is supported and inherited by the masses. So, we can know mass consciousness through analysis of comics. Here are four methods of sociological analysis of comics. First is historical analysis of popular comics in each period. To some degree, we can explain why one comic got popular by the situation of period. Second is qualitative method of important comics. It's a kind of intensive analysis of comic content. Third is quantitative method. Researching how many each comic magazine is printed, how often children read comics and so on, we can understand mass consciousness quantitatively. Fourth is analysis of comic writers including lots of semi-professional ones ("doujin-shi" writers) who can be called "mass writers". I select the first method in this paper. Analyzing popular comics historically, I emphasize four characteristics of present comics. 1) Appearance of variety for different readers. 2) Establishment as a media. 3) Publishing very large number of comic books. 4) Vulgarness of content with simple fun, sex and violence.

著者

村瀬 寿代

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学キリスト教論集 (ISSN:0286973X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, pp.19-43, 2001-03-01

著者

鈴木 幾多郎

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学総合研究所紀要 (ISSN:1346048X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.36, no.1, pp.29-37, 2010-06-30

著者

山口 光朔

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学キリスト教論集 (ISSN:0286973X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.8-17, 1971-03-31

著者

井本 英一

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学人間科学 (ISSN:09170227)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.1-43, 1997-09-30

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A man who has had a near-death experience tells us; he passed through a dark, long tunnel at the end of which a dim light was seen; before entering or leaving the tunnel he saw a river or Styx, a flower garden or a vast field, an old man standing there, and a young girl leading him (the man of near-death experience); he saw a sacred prostitute at the entrance of the tunnel; the old man gave him instruction to go back home or someone from behind called him to go home and get his work done. King Gilgamesh of the Sumero-Akkadian Epos passed through a pitch-dark, long tunnel to see Utnapishtim in order to get an eternal life; Utnapishtim persuaded him to go home though giving him a present of herbs; on his way home from Utnapistim's land a snake stole his herb and got an eternal life for itself. Adam and Eve left the Garden of Eden after eating fruit given by the snake: from Eden a river streamed out from something like the grotto of Pan forking into four rivers; in the times of paganism Adam was Gilgamesh and Eve was a sacred prostitute and the god was Utnapishtim. A Chinese fisherman after sailing upstream found a tunnel at the source of the river in the forest of peach trees in full blossom; he walked into the tunnel and got out of it to find a utopia; an old man told him of the history of the utopia; the fishrman returned home never to come again and find it. Koga Saburo of Japan went through 73 subterranean tunnels and 72 countries; he saw many rivers, gardens, old men (a Buddhist statue), young girls and ancesters; eventually he appeared on the ground transformed into a snake.

著者

崔 杉昌

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

国際文化論集 (ISSN:09170219)

巻号頁・発行日

no.38, pp.75-119, 2008-07-25

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The purpose of this study is to examine the folk structure of regional sacrifices performed in Japan and Korea by analyzing their process and formation of the organizers.In chapter 1, the mechanism of the performance of Miyaza is analyzed.Miyaza is an organization of some qualified residents which is in charge of the performance of Shrine rites. Miyaza is worth studying regarding the structure of Japanese society as its formation and operation reflect the structure of each community where it is performed.The city of Niimi, Okayama Prefecture where field works were done is well known as midieval Niimi Manor. Accordingly, that period's history is well reflected in the current Miyaza system and in the way it is performed. That is, in the formation of the sacrifice, Myo meaning land in the manorial system is transmitted, and its representative is called Myogashira. In history, Myogashira is regarded as a man of power who through the medium of land has a part in community autonomy with peasants.Accordingly, even today only a special family with the right of Myo has the right to participate in the sacrifice. This family is descended semipermanently and it only is in charge of Toya, the house where the sacrifice is performed. While limited number of Myogashiras can participate directly in the sacrifice general residents as the status of Yoriko prepare and assist Maturi. In other words, Myogashira and Yoriko form the constructive relationship of master and servant.Although this relationship of course is limited in Maturi today, it obviously reflects Niimi region's inclinations and history and the position of Myogashira means the power in that region.chapter 2, a sacrifice called Tong je performed in Yeongdeok-Gun area in Korea is examined.This study analyzes and examines the organization and performance of Tong je which focuses on the belief called Kolmegi and how the folk belief is accepted in that region.Korean rural communities are getting downsized and older as in Japan and these phenomena change the folk belief.Although they are to be done separately in Korea and Japan such factors as the choice of members who perform the sacrifice, taboo, the operation of Toya and Toga, age related fact like Nobanhe are should be studied through field works by the comparative method.

著者

深沢 徹

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, pp.91-101, 2004-02

著者

藤森 かよこ

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学総合研究所紀要 (ISSN:1346048X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.3, pp.49-57, 2008-03-18

著者

遠山 淳

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

国際文化論集 (ISSN:09170219)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, pp.127-140, 2000-03-31

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Japaneese fixed-form verse including haiku, senryu, and tanka, are widely regarded as being composed of 5-7-5 or 5-7-5-7-7 syllables. ignoring the pause placed immediately after the fifth or seventh syllable or, more precisely, mora. This article examines the rhythm of what have been usually regarded as "five" or "seven" moras in Japanese short fixed-form poetry. These poems are not written with five or seven syllables but with a sound space or a temporal space of eight moras in mind. This is because the Japanese language, which is a pitch accent, responds to the long-short duration of sounds rather than the strong-weak stress relation of sounds to cultivate a sense of rhythm. To examine this, the author discusses the effect of the Japanese view of nature and the universe, including breathing, walking, working and dancing, in creating the sense of rhythm in the Japanese language.

著者

南 由介

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山法学 (ISSN:13481312)

巻号頁・発行日

no.9, pp.53-66, 2007-03-20

著者

宮本 孝二

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

桃山学院大学社会学論集 (ISSN:02876647)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.2, pp.39-62, 2011-03-28

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The sociology of culture has been developing, and we have many works on the sociological analysis of culture. But, from a social theoretical viewpoint, there remain undeveloped areas between the sociology of culture and social theory. This paper aims to show some ways to solve basic problems in social theory of culture. First, we define culture as systems of meaning rules, and explain theoretically constructions of producing various aspects of culture. Every action is cultural praxis, and various aspects of culture are constructed based on cultural praxes. Second, by referring to seven analytical frameworks prepared in discussions of social structures, we make it clear that they are effective for analyzing structures of culture. Third, we propose three frameworks to analyze changes of culture through investigating relationships between culture and society, which are mainly formed from generation, transmission and problematization of culture in society.

著者

国松 夏紀

出版者

桃山学院大学

雑誌

国際文化論集 (ISSN:09170219)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, pp.159-170, 2000-12-20