著者
小田部 胤久
出版者
美学会
雑誌
美学 (ISSN:05200962)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.67, no.2, pp.1-12, 2016 (Released:2018-01-01)

In section 2 of the third Critique (1790) Kant refers to the Iroquois sachem who said the cook-shops (not the palace) in Paris pleased him. The sachem seems to be a barbarian ensnared by appetite and incapable of disinterested pleasure. My paper, however, argues first that Kant, extracting this episode from “The History of New France” (1744) written by a French Jesuit missionary, Charlevoix, tacitly advocates the idea of the noble savage, thereby giving the Iroquois sachem the function of criticizing a luxurious civilization. Second, I show that in the “General Remark on the exposition of aesthetic reflective judgments,” Kant positively evaluates a castaway Crusoe (who is put together in one context with the Iroquois sachem in section 2) as a person who withdraws from civilized society with the consciousness that society is far from the moral ideal. The Iroquois sachem and the castaway Crusoe are examples that anticipate section 83 in the second part of the third Critique, which focuses on the role of the faculty of taste in the process of civilization, thereby incorporating Kant’s theory of taste in the first part of the third Critique into his whole system.
著者
木水 千里
出版者
美学会
雑誌
美学 (ISSN:05200962)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.67, no.2, pp.37-48, 2016 (Released:2018-01-01)

Des années trente, des galeries, des musées américains ont commencé à organiser des expositions surréalistes, dont le mouvement artistique né à Paris en 1924. C’est en ce moment-là qu’Alfred Barr Jr., premier directeur du MoMA (Museum of Modern Art) a présenté la composition opposée de l’art moderne européen: abstraction contre dada, surréalisme, en organisant une série d’expositions en 1936 intitulées «Cubism Abstract Art» et «Fantastic Art, Dada, Surréalisme». Nous porterons notre attention sur l’exposition Giorgio de Chirico, se tenant dans la galerie de Julien Levy à N.Y. et comptant parmi les deux expositions. Apparemment, on peut considérer que cette exposition a eu lieu dans le dessein de présenter le surréalisme aux Américains. Cependant, il est bien connu qu’Albert C. Barnes, écrit la préface insérée dans le catalogue, ne s’intéresse pas au surréalisme. Donc, se réservant à traiter de Chirico en tant que surréaliste, on essaye de trouver dans cet artiste une tendance du retour au classicisme des artistes d’avant-garde, connu au nom du «retour de l’ordre». Ce travail nous donnerons un point de vue à partir duquel nous réfléchirons à nouveau sur les mouvements artistiques européens modernes.
著者
江本 紫織
出版者
美学会
雑誌
美学 (ISSN:05200962)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.67, no.2, pp.61-72, 2016 (Released:2018-01-01)

Photographs have always been considered as showing the past due to their indexicality. However, this understanding fails to capture how and why viewers perceive time in viewing photographs. This paper presents a more nuanced model, focusing on two key points: annotations which extend photographic contents, such as explanations of photographs, related photographs, knowledge and memories which viewers have, and a triad of semantic organizations – depiction, representation, and reference – which affect viewers’ perceptions. First, this paper will look at the effect these annotations have on perceptions of time in photographs across various viewing situations. Further, we will analyze the connection between these annotations and the triad to help us understand the various and complex relationships photographs have with time, and how these relationships translate to the viewing experience. We will use these insights to explore how perceptions of time can vary based on photographic viewing conditions. By considering all of this as a whole, we can build a greater understanding of perceptions of time in viewing photographs, with much more depth than the current “past” model.