著者

Shingo MARUMO Hiroyuki HATTORI Hiroshi ABE Yoshio NONOYAMA Katsura MUNAKATA

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

Agricultural and Biological Chemistry (ISSN:00021369)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.4, pp.528-529, 1968 (Released:2008-11-27)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

3 13

著者

Kazuyuki HIWATASHI Yasuyuki KOSAKA Nao SUZUKI Keishi HATA Toshiyuki MUKAIYAMA Kenji SAKAMOTO Hitoshi SHIRAKAWA Michio KOMAI

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.7, pp.1447-1451, 2010-07-23 (Released:2010-07-23)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

42

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The effects of dietary Yamabushitake mushroom (Hericium erinaceus) on lipid metabolism were examined. C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet containing hot-water extract (HW-E) and an ethanol extract (EtOH-E) of Yamabushitake mushroom. Administration of HW-E or EtOH-E with a high-fat diet for 28 d resulted in a significant decrease in body weight gain, fat weight, and serum and hepatic triacylglycerol levels. Our in vitro experiments indicated that EtOH-E acts as an agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα). Quantitative analyses of hepatic mRNA levels revealed that EtOH-E administration resulted in up-regulation of mRNA for a number of PPARα-regulating genes in spite of the fact that the gene expression of PPARα did not change. These results suggest that EtOH-E improves lipid metabolism in mice fed a high-fat diet, and that these effects were mediated by modulation of lipid metabolic gene expression, at least in part via activation of PPARα.

著者

Nakaba MURATA Kazuma MURAKAMI Yusuke OZAWA Noriaki KINOSHITA Kazuhiro IRIE Takuji SHIRASAWA Takahiko SHIMIZU

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.11, pp.2299-2306, 2010-11-23 (Released:2010-11-23)

参考文献数

61

被引用文献数

63

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and the formation of senile plaques. Silymarin, an extract of milk thistle, has long been used as a medicinal herb for liver diseases. Here we report marked suppression of amyloid β-protein (Aβ) fibril formation and neurotoxicity in PC12 cells after silymarin treatment in vitro. In vivo studies had indicated a significant reduction in brain Aβ deposition and improvement in behavioral abnormalities in amyloid precursor protein (APP) transgenic mice that had been preventively treated with a powdered diet containing 0.1% silymarin for 6 months. The silymarin-treated APP mice also showed less anxiety than the vehicle-treated APP mice. These behavioral changes were associated with a decline in Aβ oligomer production induced by silymarin intake. These results suggest that silymarin is a promising agent for the prevention of AD.

著者

Tatsuhiro MATSUO Ken IZUMORI

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.9, pp.2081-2085, 2006-09-23 (Released:2006-09-23)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

73

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The effects of supplemental D-psicose in the diet on diurnal variation in plasma glucose and insulin concentrations were investigated in rats. Forty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into four groups. Each group except for the control group was fed a diet of 5% D-fructose, D-psicose, or psico-rare sugar (3:1 mixture of D-fructose and D-psicose) for 8 weeks. Plasma glucose levels were lower and plasma insulin levels were higher at all times of day in the psicose and psico-rare sugar groups than in the control and fructose groups. Weight gain was significantly lower in the psicose group than in the control and fructose groups. Liver glycogen content, both before and after meals was higher in the psicose group than in the control and fructose groups. These results suggest that supplemental D-psicose can lower plasma glucose levels and reduce body fat accumulation. Hence, D-psicose might be useful in preventing postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetic patients.

著者

Tomoaki NISHIKAWA Norihiko YAMADA Atsuhiko HATTORI Hiroyuki FUKUDA Tsuchiyoshi FUJINO

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.10, pp.2221-2223, 2002 (Released:2003-06-19)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

36

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Ajoene, a major compound containing sulfur in oil-macerated garlic products, inhibited in a two-stage carcinogenesis test on mouse skin. Treatment with ajoene suppressed skin tumor formation, depending on the amount. In particular, the group treated with 250 μg of ajoene had only 4.9% the number of tumors per mouse compared with the control group at 18 weeks.

著者

Nobuhiro HIRAI Ryuji YOSHIDA Yasushi TODOROKI Hajime OHIGASHI

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.7, pp.1448-1458, 2000 (Released:2005-02-10)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

84

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The biosynthetic pathways to abscisic acid (ABA) were investigated by feeding [1-13C]-D-glucose to cuttings from young tulip tree shoots and to two ABA-producing phytopathogenic fungi. 13C-NMR spectra of the ABA samples isolated showed that the carbons at 1, 5, 6, 4′, 7′ and 9′ of ABA from the tulip tree were labeled with 13C, while the carbons at 2, 4, 6, 1′, 3′, 5′, 7′, 8′ and 9′ of ABA from the fungi were labeled with 13C. The former corresponds to C-1 and -5 of isopentenyl pyrophosphate, and the latter to C-2, -4 and -5 of isopentenyl pyrophosphate. This finding reveals that ABA was biosynthesized by the non-mevalonate pathway in the plant, and by the mevalonate pathway in the fungi. 13C-Labeled β-carotene from the tulip tree showed that the positions of the labeled carbons were the same as those of ABA, being consistent with the biosynthesis of ABA via carotenoids. Lipiferolide of the tulip tree was also biosynthesized by the non-mevalonate pathway.

著者

Hiromichi YOSHIKAWA Yayoi ICHIKI Keiko (DOI) SAKAKIBARA Hiroto TAMURA Masahito SUIKO

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.4, pp.840-846, 2002 (Released:2003-05-21)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

23

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Lunularic acid (LA) inhibited not only the germination and the growth of cress and lettuce at 1 mM but also the gibberellic acid (GA3)-induced α-amylase induction in embryoless barley seeds at 120 μM, which was recognized as a specific activity of abscisic acid (ABA). Moreover LA and ABA equally inhibited the growth of Lunularia cruciata A18 strain callus at 40 and 120 μM. A computational analysis revealed that the stable conformers of LA could be superimposed on the stable ABA conformers. In addition, the antibody raised against the conjugate of C1-ABA-bovine serum albumin (ABA-BSA) reacted with LA-horse-radish peroxidase (LA-HRP) conjugate as well as ABA-HRP conjugate, apparently. These results can explain why LA has ABA-like activity in higher plants. Moreover the results suggest that LA and ABA bind to the same receptor in higher plants.

著者

堀家 静子 大熊 広一 赤星 亮一

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

日本農芸化学会誌 (ISSN:00021407)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.12, pp.1203-1210, 1984

被引用文献数

1 1

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水,酢酸,酢酸水溶液および酸度16%熟成ホワイトビネガーの融解温度,融解熱をDSCを用いて測定し,凝固,融解に伴うサーモグラムを調べ,その熟成による変化をにつしいて研究を行った.<br> (1)貯蔵熟成した食酢を凍結して生じる氷および共融混合物の融解温度は,同酸度の酢酸水溶液とほぼ同一で貯蔵期間による差異は認められなかった.<br> (2) 6年間および12年間貯蔵熟成した食酢から生じた氷の融解熱は,同酸度の酢酸水溶液と比較すると,それぞれ0.3, 0.4cal/g低い.しかしながら,貯蔵期間による差異は僅少である.一方,共融混合物の融解熱は酢酸水溶液に比べ,それぞれ4.4, 5.8cal/g低い値を示し,熟成に伴う変化が顕著である.<br> (3)食酢中の主要微量成分であるエタノール,酢酸エチル,糖の酢酸水溶液の融解熱に与える影響について検討を行った. a.氷の融解熱に対してはエタノール,酢酸エチルおよび糖のいずれも,含有される濃度範囲においては,ほとんど影響が認められない. b.共融混合物の融解熱に対しても酢酸エチル,糖のいずれも影響を無視することができる. c.エタノールは共融混合物の融解熱に対して大きな影響を及ぼし,融解熱が減少するのでエタノール含有量と融解熱量の関係を実験によって求めた.<br> (4)食酢の熟成に伴う共融混合物の融解熱の減少は,エタノールによる影響よりもはるかに大きく,貯蔵年数に比例している.<br> (5)酢酸水溶液および熟成食酢の凝固融解に伴うサーモグラムから相変化に伴う水分子と酢酸分子間の水素結合の挙動について研究を行い,熱エネギーの収支を明らかにした.<br> (6)共融点の組成を持つ酢酸水溶液(酸度59%)から生じる共融混合物の融解熱は,他の組成の酢酸水溶液から生じる共融混合物の融解熱に比べて最小である.<br> (7)熟成した食酢から生ずる共触混合物の融解熱は,引卸し直後の食酢に比べてはるかに小さい.これは熟成食酢が低いエネルギー状態にある安定なクラスターを形成しているためと考えられる.

著者

Kaoru KOHYAMA Hiroko SAWADA Miho NONAKA Chiharu KOBORI Fumiyo HAYAKAWA Tomoko SASAKI

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.2, pp.358-365, 2007-02-23 (Released:2007-02-23)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

56

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The difficulty in masticating and swallowing rice cake was quantified. Healthy subjects ate pieces of rice cake (9 g and 3 g) and a modified product (9 g). We used electromyography to measure the activity of the jaw-closing and -opening muscles during chewing, as well as the suprahyoid muscle activity, laryngeal movement, and sound during swallowing. The smaller the rice cake, the shorter the mastication time, the fewer the number of chews, and the less the jaw-closing muscle activity. A modified rice cake product (9 g) was consumed with less mastication effort than the standard rice cake (9 g) and with the same effort as the standard (3 g). Both the sample amount and texture influenced mastication, although neither factor caused a significant difference in swallowing characteristics. These observations suggest that swallowing was induced when the bolus properties became suitable for swallowing, as healthy subjects could adjust their mastication technique according to the food amount and texture.

著者

Yutaka SUZUKI Yoichi MIZUTANI Tadao TSUJI Naoto OHTANI Kazufumi TAKANO Mitsuru HARUKI Masaaki MORIKAWA Shigenori KANAYA

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.2, pp.364-373, 2005 (Released:2005-02-23)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

19

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The gene encoding alkaline phosphatase from the psychrotrophic bacterium Shewanella sp. SIB1 was cloned, sequenced, and overexpressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein was purified and its enzymatic properties were compared with those of E. coli alkaline phosphatase (APase), which shows an amino acid sequence identity of 37%. The optimum temperature of SIB1 APase was 50 °C, lower than that of E. coli APase by 30 °C. The specific activity of SIB1 APase at 50 °C was 3.1 fold higher than that of E. coli APase at 80 °C. SIB1 APase lost activity with a half-life of 3.9 min at 70 °C, whereas E. coli APase lost activity with a half-life of >6 h even at 80 °C. Thus SIB1 APase is well adapted to low temperatures. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of SIB1 and E. coli APases suggests that decreases in electrostatic interactions and number of disulfide bonds are responsible for the cold-adaptation of SIB1 APase.

著者

Khondkar Ehteshamul KABIR Daizo HIROWATARI Katsuhiro WATANABE Daizo KOGA

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.1, pp.252-262, 2006 (Released:2006-01-23)

参考文献数

60

被引用文献数

17

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75-kDa chitinase, which showed potential as a biocontrol agent against Japanese pine sawyer, was characterized after purification from the integument of the fifth instar larvae of Bombyx mori by chromatography on diethylaminoethyl (DEAE)-Toyoperal 650 (M), hydroxylapatite, and Fractogel EMD DEAE 650 (M) columns. The optimum pH was 6.0 toward N-acetylchitopentaose (GlcNAc5) and 10 toward glycolchitin. The optimum temperature was 60 °C toward GlcNAc5 and 25 °C toward glycolchitn. The enzyme was stable at pH 7–10 and below 40 °C. Kinetic analysis and reaction-pattern analysis using glycolchitin and N-acetylchitooligosacchraides as substrates indicated that 75-kDa chitinase is an endo- or random-type hydrolytic enzyme to produce the β anomeric product and that it prefers the longer N-acetylchitooligosaccharides, suggesting, together with the N-terminal amino acid sequence, that the 75-kDa chitinase belongs to family 18 of glycosyl hydrolases.