著者

Noriko HAYASHI Tetsuo IIDA Takako YAMADA Kazuhiro OKUMA Isao TAKEHARA Takashi YAMAMOTO Koji YAMADA Masaaki TOKUDA

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.3, pp.510-519, 2010-03-23 (Released:2010-03-23)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

141

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This clinical study was conducted to investigate the safety and effect of D-psicose on postprandial blood glucose levels in adult men and women, including borderline diabetes patients. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled crossover experiment of single ingestion was conducted on 26 subjects who consumed zero or 5 g of D-psicose in tea with a standard meal. The blood glucose levels at fasting and 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after the meal were compared. The blood glucose level was significantly lower 30 and 60 min after the meal with D-psicose (p<0.01, p<0.05), and a significant decrease was also shown in the area under the curve (p<0.01). The results suggest that D-psicose had an effect to suppress the postprandial blood glucose elevation mainly in borderline diabetes cases. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled parallel-group experiment of long-term ingestion was conducted on 17 normal subjects who took 5 g of D-psicose or D-glucose with meals three times a day for 12 continuous weeks. Neither any abnormal effects nor clinical problems caused by the continuous ingestion of D-psicose were found.

著者

菊池 義智

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

化学と生物 (ISSN:0453073X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.8, pp.510-512, 2013-08-01

著者

Kenji KUMAZAWA Nao SAKAI Hiroko AMMA Satoshi SAKAMOTO Masaki KODAMA Yoshiyuki WADA Osamu NISHIMURA

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.6, pp.1231-1236, 2010-06-23 (Released:2010-06-23)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

5

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An aroma concentrate of the mat rush (igusa) was prepared by combining solvent extraction with the solvent-assisted flavor evaporation (SAFE) technique. An aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) applied to the volatile fraction revealed 51 odor-active peaks with FD factors between 43 and 47. Among the perceived odorants, twelve peaks with the higher FD factors (≥46) were proved to be the most important components of the characteristic aroma in mat rush. Eleven odorants were identified or tentatively identified from the twelve peaks as methional, (E,Z)-2,6-nonadienal, (E)-2-nonenal, (E,E)-2,4-nonadienal, (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-nonatrienal, trans-4,5-epoxy-(E)-2-decenal, 4-hydroxy-2,5-dimethyl-3(2H)-furanone, 3-hydroxy-4,5-dimethyl-2(5H)-furanone, isovaleric acid, methyl anthranirate, and vanillin. The FD factors of the odor-active peaks in dried mat rush were observed to be much higher than those in raw mat rush. This finding suggests that the drying process during manufacturing of the mat rush is one of the most important factors for the formation of the characteristic mat rush aroma.

著者

Katsuhiko BABASAKI Kazuhiko MASUNO Hitoshi MURATA

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.1, pp.100-106, 2003 (Released:2003-06-25)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

12

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The spawn of cultivated mushrooms are generally produced, propagated, and distributed to growers as a mycelial culture without genetic purification, in which phenotypic variants frequently occur. We investigated how heterologous mycelia present in a spawn influence fruit body production in the cultivated basidiomycete Pholiota nameko. The ‘di-mon’ dual cultivation of protoplast clones produced mosaic fruit bodies, which could result from the ‘di-mon’ mating. In the ‘di-di’ dual cultivation of heterologous strains with different fruiting times, authentic fruit bodies of each dikaryon and chimera showing a feature combining characteristics of the two dikaryons emerged simultaneously. Mycelia isolated from the chimera produced all three types of fruit bodies, indicating unlikeliness of the occurrence of anastomosis. These results suggest that mycelia colonized in the substrate interact with each other and coordinately promote fruit body production in P. nameko. This phenomenon masks a clonal variability that may be surfaced through multiplication and distribution of the spawn, occasionally bringing about abnormal fruiting.

著者

Hiroshi UEDA Atsuko TAKEUCHI Tadayuki WAKO

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.9, pp.1809-1813, 2013-09-23 (Released:2013-09-23)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

11

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Bunching onion [Allium fistulosum L. (Liliaceae)] secretes mucus in the cavities of its green leaves. The effects of the mucus, which is consumed as food, were examined. The mucus augmented the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1 from RAW 264 cells and of interleukin (IL)-12 from J774.1 cells; however, extracts from green leaves and white sheaths did not. An oral administration of this mucus to mice augmented the immune functions of peritoneal cells by increasing TNF-α and IL-12 production and phagocytosis. It also augmented interferon (IFN)-γ production from spleen cells and natural killer (NK) activity. These results suggest that an oral administration of the A. fistulosum mucus can enhance natural immunity.

著者

Kazuo YOSHIOKA Naoki HASHIMOTO

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

Agricultural and Biological Chemistry (ISSN:00021369)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.48, no.2, pp.333-340, 1984 (Released:2006-03-27)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

15

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Formation of acetate esters by brewers' yeast during sugar fermentation was investigated in relation to alcohol acetyltransferase activity influenced by the fatty acid composition of the yeast cell membrane. Glucose gave more acetate esters with a higher activity of alcohol acetyltransferase than the other carbohydrates. When maltose was fermented, the activity of alcohol acetyltransferase bound to the cell membrane was suppressed by unsaturated fatty acids accumulated in the cell membrane and the formation of acetate esters was greatly reduced without insufficient fermentation. On the other hand, when fructose was fermented, the ester formation was reduced with a decrease in the enzyme activity and the formation of higher alcohols through insufficient fermentation.

著者

赤沢 堯

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

日本農芸化学会誌 (ISSN:00021407)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.4, pp.822-823, 1991

著者

Takeshi Takahashi Toshi Oka Hirokazu Iwana Tamotsu Kuwata Yoshiro Yamamoto

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.9, pp.1557-1560, 1993-09-23 (Released:2008-02-08)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

47

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In order to elucidate the interaction of lactic acid bacteria with the immune system, immune responses to the lactic acid bacteria, Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus acidophilus, were examined in mice fed with each organism. In mice fed with B. longum for more than 8 weeks, an antibody response was detected to the cytoplasm of B. longum, but not to the cell wall. On the other hand, in mice fed with L. acidophilus for more than 6 weeks, an antibody response was detected to both the cytoplasm and cell wall of L. acidophilus. Moreover, feeding each organism for 2 weeks enhanced the proliferative response of Peyer's patch (PP) cells to the cell fraction against which the serum antibody was detected. However, this was not found with spleen cells. These results suggest that mucosal stimulation by lactic acid bacteria may induce a systemic immune response to them.

著者

Yoshinori KATAKURA

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.5, pp.1076-1081, 2006-05-23 (Released:2006-05-23)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

13

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Although dysfunctional telomeres and oncogenic or stressful stimuli are known to trigger cellular senescence in normal human diploid cells, the molecules and signaling network involved in the cellular senescence program are not fully understood. We have been trying to identify cellular senescence-inducing factors by various means. First, we screened for an extrinsic signal that can induce cellular senescence in human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549, and identified transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) as the cellular senescence-inducing factor. Cancer cells senesced by treatment with TGF-β impaired tumorigenicity both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that cellular senescence functions as a tumor suppression mechanism. Next, we identified 86 independent senescence-associated genes by subtractive screening using A549-derived cell lines. Thirdly, we established novel cell lines (AST cells) from A549 cells exposed to mild oxidative stress. AST cells demonstrated functional impairment of telomerase due to perturbed subcellular localization of human telomerase reverse transcriptase, suggesting that mild oxidative stress might affect the cell fate of cancer cells. These results should provide insight into the molecular basis of the cellular senescence program.

著者

Kouji WADA Hitoshi SASAKI Mitsuya SHIMODA Yutaka OSAJIMA

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

Agricultural and Biological Chemistry (ISSN:00021369)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.7, pp.1753-1760, 1987 (Released:2006-04-05)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

4

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The aroma profiles of 39 coffee samples (32 arabica and 7 robusta coffees) were evaluated objectively by the coupling of gas chromatographic analysis and two kinds of multivariate analysis (principal component analysis and cluster analysis) and compared with the classification on the basis of a cup test of brewed coffee by cup testers. Robusta coffees were separated from arabica coffees by principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis. Using PCA of only 32 arabica coffee samples, their aroma profiles could be characterized on the first and second principal components. The components responsible for grassy aroma and earthy odor, respectively, were clarified from the factor loadings obtained by PCA. Furthermore, 32 arabica coffees were divided into seven clusters by cluster analysis of the first and second principal components obtained by PCA. Consequently, 39 coffee samples were classified into eight groups and the result was consistent with the classification on the basis of sensory evaluation except for two samples.

著者

Kazuhiko KONDO Masaru OGURA Yuichiro MIDORIKAWA Mitsugi KOZAWA Hiroshi TSUJIBO Yoshihiko INMORI

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

Agricultural and Biological Chemistry (ISSN:00021369)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.10, pp.2673-2674, 1988 (Released:2006-04-05)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

4

著者

久保田 紀久枝 小林 彰夫 山西 貞

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

日本農芸化学会誌 (ISSN:00021407)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.11, pp.1049-1052, 1982

被引用文献数

4

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オキアミ加熱臭の特性をより明確にするために,外観上よく似ているサクラエビ生凍結品の加熱臭をオキアミと同様に分析し,比較検討を行った.本研究では,とくに含硫化合物に注目した.<br> 1)GC-FPD分析の結果,一定のt_Rの範囲(Fr.A)に含硫化合物が集中していたが,これは,オキアミボィル凍結品と類似していた.<br> 2) サクラエビのFr. Aの成分をGC-MSで分析した結果,9種の化合物が同定された.そのうち8種は,トリチオラン類(3種),ジチイン類(1種),チアゾール類(1種),チアルジン類(3種)からなる含硫化合物であった.このうち,チアルジンが最も多く,Fr. Aの58,2%を占めていた.<br> 3) オキアミとサクラエビの匂い成分の槽違点は,含まれている化合物の種類は共通しているものが多いが,組成は異なり,サクラエビは側鎖にエチル基を持つものが少なく,これが匂いにも影響していると思われた.<br> 4) サクラエビ加熱臭成分中の低分子アルデヒドをTLCで検索した.エタナールに比べプロバナールが非常に少ないことが示され,プロパナールが前駆体の1つとなるチアルジンのエチル誘導体がサクラエビに少ない結果をよく説明していた.

著者

出口 ヨリ子 長田 邦子 内田 和美 木村 広子 芳川 雅樹 工藤 辰幸 保井 久子 綿貫 雅章

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

日本農芸化学会誌 (ISSN:00021407)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.8, pp.923-931, 1998-08-01

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

40 62

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グアバ(<i>Psidium guajava</i> L.)は日本や亜熱帯地方で民間的に糖尿病や下痢止めに用いられている.グアバ葉の熱水抽出物(GvEx)の抗糖尿病効果を調べるために,動物やヒトへの投与実験を行った.これに先がけて,<i>in vitro</i>においてマルターゼ,シュクラーゼ, α-アミラーゼの糖類分解酵素活性の阻害作用を調べた.GvExはこれらの酵素活性を胆害したが,その中でα-アミラーゼの阻害が他の二つの酵素阻害より強いことが示された.正常マウスへのマルトース,シュクロース,可溶性デンプンの負荷試験では, GvEx投与により血糖値の低下が認められた.また,糖尿病性腎症を含む糖尿病の病態を示す糖尿病モデルマウス(C57BL/KsJ, db/db)へGvExを7週間経口投与を行った結果, GvEx非投与の対照群に比べて, GvEx投与群ではHbA_1c%と腎臓メサンジウム基質の肥厚を示す糸球体数の有意な低下が認められた.<br> グアバ葉からグアバ茶を調製し,ヒトへの飲用試験を行い食後血糖値への影響を調べた.年齢40歳以上, BMI 22.0以上の対象者ではグアバ茶飲用により食後の血糖値の低下が認められた.これらの結果からGvExは糖の消化を抑制することにより,食後血糖値の上昇を低下させ,結果的に糖尿病の進展を遅らせることが予想された.

著者

Bei-Wei ZHU Lu-Lu ZHAO Li-Ming SUN Dong-Mei LI Yoshiyuki MURATA Lei YU Lei ZHANG

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.6, pp.1430-1437, 2008-06-23 (Released:2008-06-23)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

40

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Cathepsin L-like enzyme was purified from the body wall of the sea cucumber Stichopus japonicus by an integral method involving ammonium sulfate precipitation and a series of column chromatographies on DEAE Sepharose CL-6B, Sephadex G-75, and TSK-GEL. The molecular mass of the purified enzyme was estimated to be 63 kDa by SDS–PAGE. The enzyme cleaved N-carbobenzoxy-phenylalanine-arginine7-amido-4-methylcoumarin with Km (69.92 μM) and kcat (12.80/S) hardly hydrolyzed N-carbobenzoxy-arginine-arginine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin and L-arginine 7-amido-4-methylcoumarin. The optimum pH and temperature for the purified enzyme were found to be 5.0 and 50 °C. It showed thermal stability below 40 °C. The activity was inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents and activated by reducing agents. These results suggest that the purified enzyme was a cathepsin L-like enzyme and that it existed in the form of its enzyme-inhibitor complex or precursor.

著者

永田 武雄 岡部 民義

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

日本農芸化学会誌 (ISSN:00021407)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.8, pp.448-452, 1944

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臺南州新營部の蔗作地帶に分布する既報⁽¹⁾と同一の強,弱鹽分地土壤を用ひ畑地状態及び水田状態に於ける硝酸の還元作用を調査した.共の成績の要點は次の通りである.<br> 畑地状體の場合<br> (1) 畑地状態に於ける硝酸の還元値は水田状態の場合較ぺ一般に低い.<br> (2) 鹽分を増す程NO₃→NO₂,は抑判されて變化の開始は遲れ又其量も減少する.<br> (3) 葡萄糖を添加すると強鹽分土ではNO₃→NO₂→NH₃が増大するに反し弱鹽分土及び普通土は稍々減少する傾向が見られた.<br> (4) 脱鹽するとNO₃→NO₂は多くなるが殘存するNO₃は却つて多い.<br> (5) 20日間の成績によると葡萄糖を加へない場合は大部分NO₃として殘存するが葡萄糖を加へると一般にNO₃の消失量を増し特に鹽分の強いもの程然りで約半減した.この硝酸の消失は變化による減少と微生物による硝酸同化作用又は窒素脱離作用の結果であらう.<br> 水田状態の場合<br> (6) 水田状態の硝酸還元量は一般に大であるが鹽分による差異は稍減殺される様である.<br> (7) 葡萄糖を加へない場合のNO₃→NO₂は畑地状態の傾向に類似したが葡萄糖を添加すると著しく増加し特に強鹽分土に然りである.<br> (8) この場合NO₃は日數の經過に伴ひ減少し5日目に最低値を示し7日目には稍増加した.此の増加はNO₂→NO₃の結果であらう.<br> (9) 脱鹽によつてNO₃→No₂は増大となり就中強鹽分地に明瞭である.<br> (10) NO₂→NH₃は微弱であり鹽分の弱さによる影響は明瞭を缺く. NO₃→NH₃も徴弱で明瞭を缺くが脱鹽によつて強鹽分土は稍増加する様である.即ちNO₃→NO₂は鹽分を増す程稍々抑判されるがNO₂→NH₃, NO₃→NH₃は共に微弱で判然としない.本作用耐鹽性の如くアンモニア化成作用と硝酸化成作用の中間にある順位は次の通りである.<br> アンモニア化成作用>硝酸還元作用>硝酸化成作用<br> 終りに御懇切なる御指導と御校閲を賜ひし恩師大杉先生に謹みて深甚の謝意を表す.

著者

Mitsuaki MORIGUCH

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

Agricultural and Biological Chemistry (ISSN:00021369)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.4, pp.955-961, 1982 (Released:2006-03-27)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

10

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Fermentative production of pyruvic acid by yeasts was studied using extracts from citrus natsudaidai peel as a carbon source. Many yeasts showed good growth. Of these yeasts, Debaryomyces coudertii IFO 1381 produced pyruvic acid at high yield. Pretreatment of the peel extract with Amberlite IR-120B (Na+) led to increased production of pyruvic acid. Under optimum conditions, the accumulation of pyruvic acid reached a maximum of 970mg/100ml at 48hr-fermentation. The pyruvic acid from the fermentation broth was identified with lactic acid dehydrogenase and by comparisons of properties of its 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazone with those of authentic pyruvic acid in paper chromatography, IR spectrometry and elemental analysis.

著者

SHAH F. H. SEDI M. H. SHEIKH T. H.

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

Agricultural and Biological Chemistry (ISSN:00021369)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.6, pp.645-650, 1967

被引用文献数

5

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Isolation of microorganisms capable of synthesising amino acids, utilizing hydrocarbons, has been reported. These microorganisms were isolated from soil samples by selective culture techniques. 91 strains were found capable of producing amino acids in the broth. Different amino acids and their maximum yield obtained were glutamic acid 160mg/l; leucine 90.0mg/l; isoleucine 40.0mg/1; valine 105.0mg/l; methionine 25.0mg/l; tryptophan 2.5 mg/l; arginine 70.0mg/l; and histidine 10.0mg/l.

著者

鵜沢 浩隆 大類 洋 目黒 煕

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

化学と生物 (ISSN:0453073X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.9, pp.609-615, 1995-09-25

被引用文献数

5

著者

Masahiro NISHII Yasuko FUJIHARA Jin-ichiro INAGAKI Kazuo OGAWA Fujio NOHARA Makoto UBUKATA Kiyoshi ISONO

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

Agricultural and Biological Chemistry (ISSN:00021369)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.10, pp.2697-2699, 1986 (Released:2006-04-05)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

1

著者

Akio KURODA

出版者

Japan Society for Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Agrochemistry

雑誌

Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry (ISSN:09168451)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.70, no.2, pp.325-331, 2006 (Released:2006-02-23)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

60

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Cells must balance energy-efficient growth with the ability to adapt rapidly to sudden changes in their environment. For example, in an environment rich in amino acids, cells do not expend energy for making amino acid biosynthetic enzymes. However, if the environment becomes depleted of amino acids (nutritional downshift), cells will be exposed to a lack of both the amino acid biosynthetic enzymes and the amino acids required to make these enzymes. To solve this dilemma, cells must use their own proteins as sources of amino acids in response to the nutritional downshift. Once amino acid biosynthetic enzymes start to accumulate, the cell is able to produce its own amino acids, and a new growth phase begins. In Escherichia coli, amino acid starvation leads to the accumulation of an unusual molecule, polyphosphate (polyP), a linear polymer of many hundreds of orthophosphate residues. Protein degradation in this bacterium appears to be triggered by the accumulation of polyP. PolyP forms a complex with the ATP-dependent Lon protease. The formation of a complex then enables Lon to degrade free ribosomal proteins. Certain very abundant ribosomal proteins can be the sacrificial substrates targeted for degradation at the onset of the downshift. Here I propose to call the polyP-Lon complex the “stringent protease,” and I discuss new insights of protein degradation control in bacteria.