著者

猪間 英俊

出版者

Japan Society of Engineering Geology

雑誌

応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.3, pp.150-156, 1975-09-30 (Released:2010-06-04)

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This report refers to some geotechnical experiences about the shaft work in Enasan-tunnel that is lately completed.They contain following topics.(1) location of the shaft(2) geotechnical investigation fer design and operation(3) a boring for drain and attendant works(4) excavation in distress(5) cracks in lining due to 440 m-fault gouge

著者

木宮 一邦

出版者

Japan Society of Engineering Geology

雑誌

応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.32, no.3, pp.120-129, 1991-08-10 (Released:2010-02-23)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

嘉門 雅史

出版者

Japan Society of Engineering Geology

雑誌

応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.4, pp.216-225, 1990-12-25 (Released:2010-02-23)

参考文献数

13

著者

猪間 英俊

出版者

Japan Society of Engineering Geology

雑誌

応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.3, pp.286-295, 1981-09-30 (Released:2010-06-04)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

1 2

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In excavation of the Kan'etsu tunnel, rock burst occurred expectedly. Especially for about 1 year since July 1980, many broken pieces of rock had sprung out frequently. Rock burst should be classified into sometypes, such as springing of rocks, cracks on face without springing of rocks, and only breakdown noises onface or in bed rock. Those types seem to be a series of forms of rock burst. Some examples of occurenceprocess of rock burst are shown in figure-3, -4, -5, -6.From our experiences of rock burst, it may be pointed out that those forms of rock burst have somecharacters. They are as follows:(1) It occurred even under small overburden.(2) It occurred in the formation of quartz-diorite, but not of hornfels.(3) It occurred mostly at face, and few at backward and side wall.(4) The existence of specific areas where rock burst occurred was recognized in the tunnel.(5) At the areas with inflow of ground water, it did not occurred.(6) It was related greatly to joint, fractured zone and so forth.(7) The sizes of brocken rock pieces were various, but the shapes of them were all generally flat.(8) It was closely related with working cycle of tunnel excavation.Some investigations including measuring of initial stress in bed rock and its change during tunnel excavation, core discing in the horizontal bored and sampled core, acoustic emission survey, rock properties tests, andtemperature measuring of face and sidewall, were carried out at the rock burst areas.As a result, significant informations on the behavior of bed rock related with tunnel excavation and onthe relation between rock burst and working cycle of excavation, were obtained.The rock mass at the rock burst areas was elastic and high brittleness. And rock burst seemed to beclosely related to geological weak zone of bed rock.For a countermeasure against rock burst, it was adopted as a keystone of tunnel excavation that many rockbolts were installed in working face. The tunneling method that we adopted by utilizing the above mentionedinvestigations of bed rock and analysis of our experiences of rock burst, may be appraised proper.It is useful that the system of acoustic emission survey is composed completely in order to control tunnelexcavation work at the rock burst areas.

著者

吉川 恵也 朝倉 俊弘

出版者

Japan Society of Engineering Geology

雑誌

応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.1, pp.145-159, 1981-03-30 (Released:2010-06-04)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

2 2

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In pure geology, displacement and direction of faults are important concerns. On the other hand, forconstruction and maintenance of tunnels, the conditions of fractured rock and fault clay caused by faultsare taken seriously. However these faults often bring trouble to tunnel construction, since they have extensivescale, secondary faults, and form wide fractured zones in many cases. In such cases, if possible theyare kept away from the tunnel route and if the route crosses them unavoidably it is often difficult toexcavate through them.In this paper, we will first describe the outline of the problems in survey, design, construction, andmaintenance of railway tunnels in fractured zones. Next, we will report the examples of the geological surveysfor the Rokko Tunnel and the Shin-Kanmon Tunnel. The former crosses many faults in the Rokkomountains and the latter crosses the fractured zone under the straits of Kanmon. We also will report theexample of the seismic prospecting for the Shin-Sasago Tunnel in order to foresee where the tunnel crossesthe fractured zone.In addition, we will describe the construction methods to excavate through the fractured zone for theRokko Tunnel and Shin-Kanmon Tunnel. The Mukaiyama Tunnel was constructed by NATM, and thegreater convergence of the tunnel section was measured in the fractured zone even though rock bolts wereadded.At last, we will report the case in which the Inatori Tunnel was damaged by a seismic fault.

著者

伊藤 俊方 小松原 岳史 佐藤 修

出版者

Japan Society of Engineering Geology

雑誌

応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, no.1, pp.22-30, 2004-04-10 (Released:2010-02-23)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

6 6

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新第三紀以降の地層が厚く分布する北部フォッサマグナ地域の深層地下水は, 化石海水を起源とするNa-Cl型地下水で代表される. 高濃度のNa-Cl型地下水が地下浅所にまで上昇してきていることもあり, 地下水の電気伝導度などを測定することにより活断層などの地質構造の把握に寄与できる.天水とほとんど混合していない強塩化物泉のCl-濃度は, 地質時代を遡るにつれて減少し, δ18Oは大きくなる傾向がある. したがってCl-濃度とδ18Oを測定することによって, どの時代の化石海水に由来したものかが想定でき, 温泉湧出母岩を判定する場合に活用できる可能性がある.

著者

守随 治雄

出版者

Japan Society of Engineering Geology

雑誌

応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.1, pp.23-33, 1984-03-30 (Released:2010-02-23)

参考文献数

15

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The Rock block slide occurred at Hitotsu-tsubota, Showa-mura, Fukushima Prefecture, Japan is found in an almost flat area topographically. Therefore, it seems to be the good field to investigate the geological factors led the rock to block slide except the landform factors.The present paper shows the mechanism of the rock block slide occurred in this area using geological, geomorphological and hydrogeological data obtained in this work. In this process it seems to be very important to analyses strata with interformational folding from geotechnical and mineralogical method. Especially on the characteristics of clayminerals and quality of groundwater, associated with the sliding and/or bed rocks should be studied in detail.

著者

大井 幸雄

出版者

Japan Society of Engineering Geology

雑誌

応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.2, pp.88-97, 1980-06-30 (Released:2010-02-23)

参考文献数

20

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There exist some layers of earth, found principally in Japan's cities, which react with and absorb oxygen in the air, Workers have died of asphyxiation when excavating these strata.An effective way of preventing this kind of accident is to check before operations begin whether or not the area has been analyzed for oxygen absorbing layers.The reason for this phenomena lies in the chemical properties of the soil.This report demonstrates that the presence or absence of oxygen absorption soil can be determined by following chemical tests on soil samples to be taken during geological surveys:1. Test for redox potential2. pH test3. Detremination of oxygen absorption by the Buret method4. Analysis of ferrous and sulfur ionsIn addition, the report shows that in those cases where the taking of samples is difficult, analysis of the oxygen content of gas that escapes from the borehole during gas permeability testing is also effective.

著者

清水 欣一

出版者

Japan Society of Engineering Geology

雑誌

応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.2, pp.51-78, 1966-06-01 (Released:2010-06-04)

参考文献数

29

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Unit area discharge of groundwater, Z of typical groundwater basins in Chugoku-Shikoku District was computed, and the relation between Z and their hydrogeological conditions was inspected. The results are as follows:(1) It seems that there is a mutual relation between Z of confined and unconfined groundwater of Shikoku Setonaikai coastal plain areas, Hirusenbara area and Misato area and Y value. Value, Y is a ratio of total annual precipitation in the catchment area of groundwater basin to the area of groundwater basin.(2) It is also noted to be some mutual connections between Z of Shikoku Setonaikai coastal plain areas and the degree of development of aquifer, especially of gravel bed.(3) Apparent unit area discharge of spring, Z of the North-West area of Mt. Daisen Volcano and Kusama Karst areas shows a linear zonal relationship with discharge average of spring in “Z-Q-n/A” diagram (Fig. 7).(4) Though land-subsidence by over-pumping has not been occurred in Shikoku Setonaikai coastal plain areas, Z of these areas shows higher value than that of typical land subsidence areas in Japan such as Tokyo downtown area, Osaka sea-side area and Niigata coastal plain area. Salt-water intrusion has been occured in some coastal aquifers of Shikoku Setonaikai coastal plain areas. From above results, the author insists to be of importance to compare Z of various groundwater basins with their hydrogeological conditions for the evaluation, further development and the conservation of groundwater resources.

著者

小嶋 智 丹羽 良太 岩本 直也 金田 平太郎 服部 克巳 小村 慶太朗 山崎 智寛 安永 一樹

出版者

Japan Society of Engineering Geology

雑誌

応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.1, pp.2-12, 2022-04-10 (Released:2022-06-06)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

1

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中部日本,越美山系,冠山地域にみられる二重山稜地形は,山体重力変形(DSGSD)により形成されたものである.二重山稜地形の間の凹地を埋積した堆積物は,上位より,(a)炭質泥層と植物遺体に富む層の互層,(b)明灰色泥層,(c)橙色礫質泥層からなる.(c)層は基盤との不整合直上の基底礫層と解釈した.(a)層に含まれる木片の加速器質量分析計を用いて測定した放射性炭素年代(AMS-14C年代)と,7,300 cal BPの鬼界アカホヤ火山灰(K-Ah)により,凹地埋積堆積物の平均堆積速度は約0.25 mm/yearであり,二重山稜地形は約11,000年以上前に形成されたと推定した.比抵抗トモグラフィー探査の結果から,この凹地は,伸びに直交する方向の断面では東に薄くなる楔形を呈し,凹地の西を限る東に急傾斜した重力性断層に沿った円弧滑りにより形成されたと推定した.約7300年前の地表面を示すK-Ahの層準は,水平で西に傾斜した基盤にアバットしている.このことはDSGSDによる二重山稜地形の形成が約7300年前までには終了し,その後は安定していることを示している.DSGSD活動は,おそらく最終氷期後の寒冷・乾燥気候から温暖・湿潤気候への変化により引き起こされた.氷河の後退とそれに伴う急斜面の形成,支えや重圧の徐荷による同様な斜面の不安定化は,世界中から報告されている.(b)層から(a)層への層相の変化も,この気候変動に伴う植生の変化に起因する可能性がある.

著者

池田 俊雄

出版者

Japan Society of Engineering Geology

雑誌

応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.3, pp.135-144, 1990-09-25 (Released:2010-02-23)

参考文献数

8

著者

林田 精郎

出版者

Japan Society of Engineering Geology

雑誌

応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.3, pp.103-111, 1973-09-30 (Released:2010-02-23)

参考文献数

23

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岩石の弾性係数は測定のために加えられた応力の大きさと応力速度の関数である。応力速度が大きい程, 応力が小さい程見掛けの弾性係数が大きくなる。このような力学的特性をもつ岩石は, 塑性要素と遅延要素とが連続的に分布する力学的モデルで代表させることができる。この場合, 個々の要素の定数は応力の大きさ, 応力速度などによって変るのでそれ程大きな意味はもっていない。岩石は固結の程度によって塑性的性質の顕著に現われる応力領域がある。これは岩石を力学的に研究する場合に重要なことである。

著者

八村 智明 宮原 哲也 大野 博之

出版者

Japan Society of Engineering Geology

雑誌

応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.6, pp.360-368, 2007-02-10 (Released:2010-02-23)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

4 2

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災害発生に伴う廃棄物は多量で雑多なものが短期間に排出される. このため, 通常の処理・処分システムにのらないことが多く, 長期的に放置される場合も見受けられる. 本論では, 現状のデータや知見から, 以下の可能性が示された.1) 災害廃棄物の仮置き場では, 嫌気環境下での有機物の腐敗が発生する可能性が高く, 早期の処理・処分が必要となる. さらに, 嫌気環境下の腐敗と悪臭対策のために, 消臭剤を添加したりすることは, 事態をより悪化させる場合がある. 災害廃棄物は雑多なものが分別されていないことが多く, とくに注意を要する.2) 仮置き場では, 有害重金属が溶出し, 地下水・土壌にそれが濃縮することが懸念される. このため, 早期の処理・処分とともに適切な地下水・土壌汚染対策の実施が必要である.3) 崩壊土砂の中などに長期に放置された災害廃棄物は, その量や状態にもよるが, 重金属類や石油化合物などによる複合的汚染の発生源となったり, 腐敗による火災や有害なガス等が発生したりすることが懸念される.4) 崩壊土砂の中などに長期に放置された災害廃棄物のうち, 地震や火山災害などで燃焼した家屋などは, これら残渣や焼却灰に高濃度のダイオキシン類が含有されている可能性がある.

著者

安部 明 岩田 博武 石川 正夫 西川 誠

出版者

Japan Society of Engineering Geology

雑誌

応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.1, pp.29-50, 1971-03-01 (Released:2010-02-23)

参考文献数

6

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昭和45年7月1日の集中豪雨によって, 千葉県の南部では, 山地の崩壊と流出土砂によるダムアップがもたらす河川災害が発生した。この報告においては, 山地の崩壊についての発生機構を現地における地形・地質の関連からあきらかにするとともに, 河川災害が河川の中~上流域に集中するにいたった, 河川災害の発生機構について推論するものである。

著者

田中 収 河西 秀夫

出版者

Japan Society of Engineering Geology

雑誌

応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.2, pp.101-108, 1982-06-30 (Released:2010-06-04)

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In August, 1981, many collapses occurred in Yamanashi Pref. owing to Typhoon 15. In this report, the types and features of collapses are described from a geological point of view, based on the field investigationtionsat the stricken areas (South Alps Super Drag Road, Norogawa Drag Road, Sakeishi Drag Road, and Magi Drag Road).The results obtained from these investigations are as follows:(1) The types and features of collapses are decided by the lithic characters.(2) In case of Masa (weathered Granite) and Talus deposit, collapses are generally occurred at the head of1st order valleys or within O-order valleys, and the debris frequently run down valleys in the form ofmud-flow. In the former case the types of the collapse are mostly circular slide, and in the latter, mostcollapses are of the type that slide along the surface of the bedrocks.(3) In case of lutaceous rocks, the collapses are generally occurred at the fracture zones, and concequently, their breaking points have nothing to do with valley order.

著者

中世古 幸次郎

出版者

Japan Society of Engineering Geology

雑誌

応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.4, pp.201-211, 1987-12-25 (Released:2010-02-23)

参考文献数

4

被引用文献数

1

著者

楠田 啓 西山 孝

出版者

Japan Society of Engineering Geology

雑誌

応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.6, pp.292-299, 1994-02-10 (Released:2010-08-24)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

2 2

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Examination of microcracks by image processing, including pattern recognition and image analysis, is becoming popular in applied geology. In the case of image processing, microcracks in rocks are usually recognized by apparent features, such as differences in brightness, color and/or pattern.On microscopic examination, it is usually difficult to distinguish microcracks from the other elements.The fluorescent method was devised recently to visualize microcracks and cavities in rock and concrete specimens. This method is useful for image processing because images recorded by a CCD camera under ultraviolet ray display a great difference of brightness between microcracks and other texture.We tested five techniques of image processing, linear differential operator (Sobel operator), quadratic differential operator (Laplacian operator;matrix size=3×3 or 9×9), and template matching operator (Kirsch operator and line detection operator), to extract microcracks in weathered granite and andesite fractured by uniaxial compression test retreated by fluorescent method.Actual microcracks in specimens of weathered granite were represented most realistically by thinned binary image obtained by Laplacian operator (matrix size=9×9).Image analysis of microcracks in specimens of andesite fractured by uniaxial compression test was also performed. The results revealed that two types of microcracks, tensile cracks parallel to major principal stress and shear cracks inclined to major principal stress, were extracted.It was also demonstrated that parallel microcracks were formed mainly in groundmass, while inclined microcracks were present mainly in phenocrysts.

著者

福塚 康三郎 森 正明 岩尾 雄四郎 黒木 貴一 大成 和明

出版者

Japan Society of Engineering Geology

雑誌

応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.46, no.6, pp.341-346, 2006-02-10 (Released:2010-02-23)

参考文献数

15

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本研究では, 佐賀平野北西部の標高10m以下の低地において, 地形と土地利用の変遷を明らかにし, 既存の文献資料を用いてクリークと表層地盤との関係を検討した. その結果, 軟弱地盤とクリークの分布はおおむね一致することが指摘され, クリークは表層地盤の推定可能な地形要素の一つであることが示された. さらに, クリークの一部は農地整備や都市化に伴い, 改変もしくは埋め戻されているケースがあるため, 旧地形情報による地形判読の重要性を指摘した.道路計画を検討するうえで, 新旧地形情報を活用して表層地盤を推定することは, 概略設計段階における有効的な地盤評価手法である. とくに, 旧地形情報は, コスト縮減やPI (パブリックインボルブメント) におけるコミュニケーション資料として活用することも可能である.

著者

杉崎 隆一

出版者

Japan Society of Engineering Geology

雑誌

応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.4, pp.213-224, 1989-12-25 (Released:2010-02-23)

参考文献数

29

著者

若松 隆二

出版者

Japan Society of Engineering Geology

雑誌

応用地質 (ISSN:02867737)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.4, pp.180-188, 1972-12-01 (Released:2010-06-04)

参考文献数

6

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Strong acidic water is flowing out from the old-Nishiazuma Mine Field and it is due to water pollution of the Matsukawa river whose water can't be used for irrigation.A disposition method of the strong acidic water was studied by field survey, with some laboratory tests and investigations for the acidification and neutralization of andesite rocks.As the results, PH value of the strong acidic water indicates from 1.4 to 3.4 and it's water flow is less than 0.273 m3/sec at the present condition. However, it will be possible to decrease less than 0.150 m3/sec in it's flow by means of protection of permeation of rain water under the ground surface near the old mine field.The old mine field is located near Ohgasayama Daichi plateau whose geological circumstance consists of tertiary tuff breccia which is covered unconformably by pyroxene andesite.On the part of this plateau, once there was a disposition area for the strong acidic water, the pyroxene andesite have got acidified up to about 50 m in depth under ground, where PH value indicates 4.0-5.0. But, rocks in deeper layer than the above and distant area from acidified area point out 7.0-8.0 in PH value.The result of infiltration test by two test wells in above mentioned area shows that the coefficient of permeability ‘K’ is 10-4-10-6 m/min and it is supposed that the boundary of strata is main water way of groundwater.The result of experiment in laboratory shows that the water changes to PH value 4.3 in the first 12 hours when the strong acidic water of PH value 1.4 touchs fresh rocks in this area and in 6-10 days it, which has been the most promoted in neutralization, become PH value 4.8.The disposition process of the stong acidic water is carried out as follows:1) a pipeline has been laid between the water's comeout point and the treatment site where a lot of wells are provided;2) the water in question transferred through a pipeline flours into the wells for permeation without any artificial pressure;3) the contaminated water injected into the wells is neutralized in the andesite and give off again;4) it flows into Yazawa river and Matsukawa river. The treatment water has no effect on the river, for it is almost neturalized.