著者

崔 相

出版者

The Japanese Society of Fisheries Science

雑誌

日本水産学会誌 (ISSN:00215392)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.11, pp.1082-1091, 1962

被引用文献数

6

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The locular index of the shell, which was introduced by HOYLE, W. E. (1886), is considered to be one of the most significant species diagnoses for the cuttle-fish. As for <i>Sepia esculenta</i> produced in Japan, SASAKI (1910, 1929) observed two different groups of it with different locular indexes. Later, YAMAMOTO (1945), YASUDA (1951) and KOITO et al. (1956) infer, on the basis of difference in the locular index, the existence of local types of it. Hereupon, TOMIYAMA (1957), ISHIKAWA and IWAI (1958) and YAGI (1960) made clear after more detailed examination on the form and growth of the shell that the locular index changes continuously with the growth of the cuttle-fish.<br> The present author executed the hatching and growing of <i>Sepia escutenta, Sepia subaculeata</i> and <i>Sepielta maindroni</i>, while studying on the form and locular index of the shell as against the growth. The results thus obtained are:<br> 1) The shell of just-hatched <i>Sepia escutenta</i> has a length of 3.59 to 5.04mm (4.33mm in average), a width of 2.62 to 3.38mm (2.92mm in average) and 6 to 8 striped lines (7.0 lines in average). Characteristic of the shell is, as is compared with that of <i>Sepia subaculeata</i>, the meek-developed inner cone with a circular trimming. The last loculus is found protruding at the stage of a shell length 6.6 to 7.1mm, No spine is found at the rear end of the shell immediately after the hatching; they are formed at the stage of a shell length 5.1 to 5.5mm.<br> 2) <i>Sepia subaculeata</i> immediately after the hatching has a shell, 5.11 to 7.59mm long and 3.76 to 4.28mm wide, with 7 to 11 striped lines (8.1 lines in average). Compared with Sepia esculenta, the shell of this species has a much more developed inner cone with an acuteangled trimming. The spine at the rear end of the shell is recognizable even immediately after the hatching, and the last loculus appears at the stage of a shell length 30 to 35mm.<br> 3) The shell of just-hatched <i>Sepiella maindroni</i> is 3.04-3.31mm long and 1.66-1.79mm wide with 7-9 striped lines. No spine is found at the rear end of the shell. Its morphologi-cal characteristic such as the well developed last loculus constitutes an easier distinction from <i>Sepia esculenta</i> or <i>Sepia subaculeata</i>.<br> 4) The allometry expression applies well to the relation between shell-length and shell-width as well as to the relation between shell-lenth and shell-weight. On the curve of the relation of shell-length versus shell-weight, however, a slight inflection is observed at the point corresponding to the shell length of about 20mm for all of the three species.<br> 5) The locular index of the shell for the artificially reared individuals is 46-23 for <i>Sepia esculenta</i> (shell length 4-90mm), 41-25 for <i>Sepia subaculeata</i> (shell length 5-155mm), and 66-44 for <i>Sepiella maindroni</i> (shell lengtn 3-105mm). The index is greater in the youngling stage and decreases with the growtn.<br> 6) The shell locular index for <i>Sepia esculenta</i> varies a great deal with the growing condition. The index is large for the well-grown (42.3-37.9) and small for the undergrown (36.9-34.3).<br> 7) Though the locular index falls within a certain domain peculiar to each of the species and thus forms a species character, it is altogether a variable and, therefore, it involves a risk to judge species or presume the existence of local types just out of the index values.

著者

北上 誠一 村上 由里子 安永 廣作 阿部 洋一 加藤 登 新井 健一 SEIICHI KITAKAMI YURIKO MURAKAMI KOSAKU YASUNAGA YOICHI ABE NOBORU KATO KEN-ICHI ARAI 社団法人全国すり身協会 社団法人全国すり身協会 独立行政法人水産総合研究センター中央水産研究所 カネテツデリカフーズ株式会社 東海大学海洋学部 社団法人全国すり身協会 National Surimi Manufacturers Association National Surimi Manufacturers Association National Research Institute of Fisheries Science Kanetetsu Delica Foods Inc. School of Marine Science and Technology Tokai University National Surimi Manufacturers Association

出版者

The Japanese Society of Fisheries Science

雑誌

日本水産学会誌 = Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries (ISSN:00215392)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.2, pp.250-257, 2009-03-15

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

2 3

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等級の異なる10種のスケトウダラ冷凍すり身に加水して調製した加熱ゲルの破断強度(BS),破断凹み,及びゲル剛性(Gs)とタンパク質(P)濃度の関係を解析した。そして,(1)BSとGsはP濃度に伴って指数関数的に増大,(2)加水しない加熱ゲルのBSとGsの最大値はすり身の等級が上位の方が高く,(3)BS vs Gsを図示すると,10種のすり身から得た加熱ゲルの両値の間に強い正の相関があった。これらの結果は,そのBSとGsのレベルとP濃度依存性から見積る加熱ゲル形成能が,冷凍すり身の品質要因の一として有用であることを示す。From ten lots of walleye pollack frozen surimis of various grades, the heated gels of different protein concentrations were prepared by adding 0-150% water. Breaking strength (BS), breaking strain (bs), and gel stiffness (Gs=BS/bs) were measured, and the effect of the protein concentration of the heated gel on their physical values was analyzed. The results were as follows: (1) Of all the surimis tested, the BS and Gs of the heated gel increased exponentially with the increase in the protein concentration of the heated gel. (2) The maximum values of BS and Gs of the heated gels formed without addition of water were higher in the order of SA>FA>A>KA>2nd grades of frozen surimi. (3) When BS was plotted against Gs, there was a close, positive correlation among those of the heated gels from the ten lots of frozen surimis of various grades. These results indicated that the heated gel forming ability, as measured by BS and Gs levels of the heated gel and its dependence on the protein concentration, is a useful parameter for judging the quality of walleye pollack frozen surimi.

著者

SEINEN CHOW PAUL A SANDIFER

出版者

The Japanese Society of Fisheries Science

雑誌

Fisheries science (ISSN:09199268)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.2, pp.370-372, 2001 (Released:2009-03-31)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

3

著者

小倉 芳子 松岡 達郎 川村 軍蔵 川村 軍蔵 Yoshiko Ogura Tatsuro Matsuoka Gunzo Kawamura 鹿児島大学大学院連合農学研究科 鹿児島大学水産学部 鹿児島大学水産学部 鹿児島大学水産学部 The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences Kagoshima University:(Permanent address) Faculty of Fisheries Bogor Agricultural University (IPB) Faculty of Fisheries Kagoshima University Faculty of Fisheries Kagoshima University Faculty of Fisheries Kagoshima University

出版者

The Japanese Society of Fisheries Science

雑誌

日本水産学会誌 = Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries (ISSN:00215392)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.6, pp.991-997, 1999-11-15

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

2 2

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触刺激に対するζポイント, ζ_tが網地に遭遇した魚の前進行動の継続に与える影響を調べるため, 失明させたコイ, ニジマス, ティラピア, ブルーギルを用いた水槽実験を行った。供試種では, 魚体の長さ方向での接触位置により前進後退行動が入れ替わり, ζ_tポイントの存在を確認できた。ζ_tポイントの位置は種固有で種間で異なる。網地に遭遇した魚の前進継続率は, 目合い, 縮結によって異なり, ζ_tポイントに基づく前進後退行動の分岐モデルに基づいて計算した前進継続確率でよく説明できた。刺網の漁獲過程で網地に遭遇した魚が網目に進入する確率は, ζ_tポイントの位置, 魚体の大きさと形状, 目合いと縮結に影響されると結論した。Two series of glass-tank experiments with blinded fish were conducted to investigate the existence of a ζ-point (a body section over which external stimulation alters forward and back ward motions of fish) against tactile stimulation and its effect in determining the direction of swimming upon contact with a net webbing. Cyprinus carpio, Salmo mykiss, Tilapia mossambica and Lepomis macrochirus were tested. Longitudinally random positions over the bodies of these fish were stimulated using thin sticks and they moved either forward or backward according to the location of the stimulated positions. Cyprinus carpio which encountered net webbing expanded in a tank proceeded into a mesh at different ratios under the conditions of three mesh sizes and three hang-in ratios. Geometrical analysis of contact of a netting twine and a fish body section indicated that the probability of proceeding into an encountered mesh increases with mesh size and is modally maximised at a certain hang-in ratio. It was concluded that, (1) a tactile ζ-point, ζ_t exists at a body section which is unique to each species, and (2) the probability for fish to proceed into a mesh of gillnet is affected by the position of ζ_t, body form and size, mesh size and hang-in ratio.

著者

YASUNORI ISHIBASHI HIDEAKI EKAWA HACHIRO HIRATA HIDEMI KUMAI

出版者

The Japanese Society of Fisheries Science

雑誌

Fisheries science (ISSN:09199268)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.6, pp.1374-1383, 2002 (Released:2009-03-31)

参考文献数

50

被引用文献数

50

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Nile tilapia were exposed to severe hypoxic conditions. The respiratory frequency (RF) of the fish reached a maximum level at approximately 10 mmHg PO2 and decreased gradually thereafter. The fish sank to the bottom and subsequently their respiration began to stop. The hypoxic conditions increased the hematocrit value. As RF decreased, plasma cortisol and glucose levels climbed drastically. Just before respiratory arrest, the ATP and the total adenylate (TA) concentrations were significantly depressed in the liver, kidney and ordinary muscle but not in the heart or gill. As RF decreased, ATP and TA in both the liver and kidney decreased rapidly. Cytochrome oxidase activity increased significantly in the brain, heart, gill and ordinary muscle until respiratory frequency peaked. However, from the peak RF, this activity decreased in the liver and kidney. Lactic acid levels in both ordinary muscle and liver increased markedly when the fish sank. These results indicate that the stress response to hypoxic conditions is induced markedly with the decreased RF. It is also suggested that the decreased energy status in the liver and kidney of tilapia occurs at the same stage as the metabolic depression in the whole body, without increases in the aerobic and anaerobic metabolisms.

著者

CHOU CHIU-LONG PAON LISA ANN MOFFATT JOHN DANIEL ZWICKER BLAINE

出版者

The Japanese Society of Fisheries Science

雑誌

Fisheries science (ISSN:09199268)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.2, pp.369-378, 2003

被引用文献数

7

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Bioaccumulation and distribution of Mn and Zn in the total soft tissues, digestive glands, residuals and adductor muscles of the horse mussel <i>Modiolus modiolus</i> from three sites, including industrialized and non-industrialized locations in Eastern Canada, were investigated. Extremely high digestive gland metal concentrations were found in individual mussels, as high as 1819 μg/g Mn wet weight and 1964 μg/g Zn wet weight, with mean values from 358 to 404 μg/g Mn and from 399 to 614 μg/g Zn for the collection sites. High Mn to Zn interrelationships were observed inall types of tissues and at all sites. Between different tissues, Zn was interrelated by linear relationships, and Mn was best described by power curve relationships for all tissue types. In the total soft tissue, Mn and Zn interrelations were fitted to power regression curves with different slopes between the three study sites. This indicated that horse mussel was exposed to different metal levels inthe environments and could be useful for monitoring these metals. The uptake of both metals at extremely high concentrations, the lack of regulation and the occurrence of interactions all suggest that Mn and Zn may play a biological role in horse mussels. Zn and Mn interactions, surprisingly, were not disrupted at the very high concentrations of either metal, which proves that the mechanism of metal interactions does not involve a detoxification role.

著者

柳本 卓 北村 徹 TAKASHI YANAGIMOTO TORU KITAMURA 北海道区水産研究所 日本エス・ユー・エス株式会社 Groundjish Biology Section Subarctic Fisheries Resources Division Hokkaido National Fisheries Research Institute Laboratory of Environmental Biology Japan NUS Co. Ltd.

出版者

The Japanese Society of Fisheries Science

雑誌

日本水産学会誌 = Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries (ISSN:00215392)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.6, pp.893-899, 2002-11-15

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

7 4

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タラ科3種(スケトウダラ,マダラ,コマイ)の成魚の筋肉から抽出した粗DNAを用いPCR法にて増幅したシトクロームb領域の塩基配列を決定した。塩基配列からDpnII,HaeIII, RsaIおよびTaqIの4種類の制限酵素により,タラ科3種の種判別ができることが明らかになった。また,種特異的なプライマーを設計して,増幅した断片の長さの違いで3種を識別する方法を確立した。これらの手法により,形態的な差異だけでは困難なタラ科仔稚魚の種判別が可能になった。Mitochondrial DNA sequences of the cytochrome b gene (1161bp) were obtained from three gadoid species (Theragra chalcogramma, Gadus macrocephalus, and Eleginus gracilis) near Hokkaido, Japan. Four restriction enzymes (DpnII, HaeIII, RsaI and TaqI) were diagnostic to identify these three species. Species specific internal primers were designed based upon the characteristic nucleotide substitutions in each species, which allowed discrimination among these three species by amplicon size.

著者

小倉 通男

出版者

The Japanese Society of Fisheries Science

雑誌

日本水産学会誌 (ISSN:00215392)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.7, pp.581-585, 1968

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The mackerel small Tenbin angling (balance line angling) boats based on Katsuyama harbour in Chiba Prefecture are operating in Tokyo Bay through a whole year, changing season to season gear and kinds of fish to be caught as follows, mackerel pole and line fishing, squid angling miscellaneous angling (line fishing for sea bream, troll fishing for yellowtail, vertical long line for blue fishes and etc.).<br> In this study, whether the fishing ability of the boats will be fluctuated or not by the change of gear and fish were investigated on selected twenty boats operating over 100 days a year from the ones based on Katsuyama.<br> In three kinds of the fisheries, mackerel Tenbin angling, mackerel pole and line fishing and squid angling, the correspondent degree of good or worse catch in any combination of two kind of the fisheries was high, especially remarkable between the Tenbin angling and the pole and line fishing for mackerel, due to, perhaps, the reason that the fishermen well know the behaviour of the fish. In miscellaneous angling, however, such relation was not found.

著者

殖田 三郎

出版者

The Japanese Society of Fisheries Science

雑誌

日本水産学会誌 (ISSN:00215392)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6, no.2, pp.91-104, 1937

被引用文献数

2

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Already in 1929, I⁽¹⁸⁾ reported preliminarily on this subject, but at that time both experi-ments and observations were. not satisfactory, so that I have continued this study since 1934 at the suggestion of Dr. K. M_IYAKE.<br> As regards the fate of the carpospores, D_ANGEARD ⁽²⁾ has reported that the carpospores of <i>Porphyra</i> germinate and develop to the protonema-like microscopic plantlets after they are liberated from the mother fronds.<br> After my observation, anyhow, I think it is not far from the truth to say that the car-pospores of <i>Porphyra tenera</i> K_JELLM. germinate soon after the mother frond liberate them, because not only I could easily observe this germination with the fully riped carpospores in the laboratory, but also in nature on the twigs of dead trees or bamboos, which were planted in shallow waters for the culture of the alga, I could find out many germinated young plantlets in the later part of spring-that is the season, for the mother plants, to begin to decay. These plantlets do not grow large during the summer season, and they propagate with monospores repeatedly. The young fronds which germinate in autumn on the twigs of dead trees or bamboos yield monospores which are transformed from the ordinary vegetative cells; and thus multiplication of this alga is done. Thereafter, this plant develops normally, and gives rise to the frond of <i>Porphyra</i> in winter. These facts observed by myself in nature were quite certified also by the results of my experimental cultivations of the plantlets in the laboratory.

著者

原田 禎顕 Yoshiaki Harada 西日本フグ研究会 Nishinihon Society for the Study of Pufferfish Kazurugaoka

出版者

The Japanese Society of Fisheries Science

雑誌

日本水産学会誌 = Bulletin of the Japanese Society of Scientific Fisheries (ISSN:00215392)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.6, pp.1054-1061, 1999-11-15

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

1 1

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1994年から97年の間に福岡空港に輸入された中国産養殖フグを調べた。供試した70尾の, 外部形質, 骨学的諸形質を, 天然フグのそれと比較した。臀ひれの色調は, トラフグ及びナメラダマシと大差なかった。胸ひれ後方の大黒紋の後方に1ないし数個の黒斑が一部に認められたが, トラフグ様の不規則黒斑がなく, 額骨縦走隆起線の内湾が強くカラスにも似るが, 頭蓋骨のプロポーション, 腹椎骨数, 臀ひれの色調がカラスとは異なるので, ナメラダマシと同定された。Seventy specimens of the cultured pufferfish Takifugu pseudommus imported from China to Fukuoka Airport between 1994 to 1997 were studied. The external and osteological characters were examined. The colour of the anal fin of the specimens was almost the same as that of T. rubripes and T. pseudommus. Although no irregular black spots similar to T. rubripes were observed on the body in accord with T. pseudommus, in some specimens (ca. 26%), one or a few black spots behind the ocellated humeral blotch were observed in concordance with the specimen ((59) 1099) collected by the author of the scientific name. According to the key to members of genus Takifugu, the specimen is identified as T. pseudommus. On the other hand, judging from the external appearance of the cranium and the degree of incurvation of the longitudinal ridge of the frontal, the specimens seem to be both or either T. pseudommus and T. chinensis. But, because the colour of the anal fin, cranial proportion, and number of abdominal vertebrae (8) were different from those of T. chinensis, the specimen was concluded to be T. pseudommus. In addition, the theory that both T. pseudommus and T. chinensis belong to one and the same species was proved to be incorrect. Furthermore, the pufferfish which had been taken for"Nameradamasi"in recent times in Japan is different from T. pseudommus.

著者

川口 武男 清水 淳三 谷 正二 由井 十七三

出版者

The Japanese Society of Fisheries Science

雑誌

日本水産学会誌 (ISSN:00215392)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.6, pp.415-417, 1936

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The degree of blackening of the canned crab-meat and that of the blue-meat formation of the same were known to depend on the pH-value, and respective amount of volatile basic nitrogen, copper, iron, and hydrogen sulfide.<br> As shown in Table 1, no difference was found in pH-valne, amount of volatile basic nitrogen, copper, total sulfur in the examined parts (protopodite, meropodite and propodite of the second to fourth legs), of the examind three individuals, that of iron being the same irrespective of the examined parts, but different in different individuals. On the other hand, the amount off hydrogen sulfide of the meat of protopodite was much more than that of meropodite and of propodite.

著者

KOICHI SASAKI MAKOTO KUDO TAKESHI TOMIYAMA KINUKO ITO MICHIO OMORI

出版者

The Japanese Society of Fisheries Science

雑誌

Fisheries science (ISSN:09199268)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.1, pp.104-116, 2002 (Released:2009-03-31)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

19

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The predation pressure on the siphons of the bivalve Nuttallia olivacea by the juvenile stone flounder Platichthys bicoloratus in the Natori River estuary, Miyagi, was estimated from both sides of the predator-prey relationship to analyze the specific relationship in which predators remove a part of the prey. Feeding experiments determined the feeding rate required to achieve the growth of juvenile stone flounders in the field. A juvenile cropped siphon tips at a mean of 56 per day from March to early July. The siphon tips that a juvenile consumed in a season amounted to 6375 pieces (6.2 g). In terms of predation, the duration since the last cropping in the field from the regeneration of cropped siphons was analyzed. The mean cropping rate of 0.211 times a day per clam in an area of intensive predation indicated that a clam was cropped 25.8 times (22.1 mg) in a season by fishes. The mean cropping rate by juvenile stone flounders was estimated to be 0.160 times a day. Of the 25.8 croppings, 19.5 (16.9 of the 22.1 mg) could be attributed to juvenile stone flounders. The results proved that a juvenile stone flounder preyed on approximately 370 clams in a season.

著者

尾形 英二

出版者

The Japanese Society of Fisheries Science

雑誌

日本水産学会誌 (ISSN:00215392)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.2, pp.99-103, 1956

被引用文献数

1

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It was found, as reported in the pr vious paper, that the gradations in the reduction of TTC by filament reflected sharply the intact, injured and dead states.<br> Limits of viability of filaments under various deleterious conditions were determined by using TTC as indicator.<br> The results are summarized as fo1lows:<br> 1) Injurious effect of 10^-4M. copper sulfate in sea water becomes manifest within 1 day, 10^-6M. after 3 days, and 10^-8M. after 5 days;<br> 2) The critical temperature of causing damage after 24 hours of incubation is found at 30° to 32°C.;<br> 3) Injury becomes apparent after 3 hours of desiccation at 66% relative humidity, and within 1 to 2 hours at 10%, respectively;<br> 4) By the ultraviolet irradiation (quartz mercury sterilizing lamp), severe injury occurs after 30 minutes, and complete killing after an hour.<br> Further research in extended application of the TTC test method to other useful algae is in progress.

著者

松田 由美子

出版者

The Japanese Society of Fisheries Science

雑誌

日本水産学会誌 (ISSN:00215392)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.9, pp.841-846, 1968

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The present study was undertaken to find a proper method for the production of dried "tokoroten, " <i>gelidium</i> jelly, which, on reconstitution, gives a jelly having favourable flavour and elasticity similar to those of the original one.<br> The jellies were dehydrated by the following four different methods: A) Freeze-drying after vacuum freezing, B) Freeze-drying after still air freezing at -21°C, C) Drying at room temperature after still air freezing at -25°C and subsequent thawing in still air, and D) Drying at room temperature after still air freezing at -25°C and subsequent thawing in running tap water. Among them, the latter two methods correspond to the conventional one for the production of agar-agar in Japan.<br> After being stored in carton boxes at room temperature for a definite period, the dried samples were reconstituted into jellies for examination of various properties.<br> Immediately after processing, the dried products obtained by the former two methods gave the jellies quite similar to the original one in all the properties examined, although the jellies prepared from the stored products showed a slight discolouration, increase of jelly strength and off-flavour.<br> On the other hand, the properties of jellies from the dried samples produced by the latter two methods were considerable different from those of original one even immediately after drying. This may be due to the loss of water-soluble constituents.

著者

松田 由美子

出版者

The Japanese Society of Fisheries Science

雑誌

日本水産学会誌 (ISSN:00215392)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.9, pp.836-840, 1968

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Effect of pre-freezing rate on the quality of lyophilized "tokoroten", <i>gelidium</i> jelly, was examined.<br> The jellies were freeze-dried in a vacuum freeze dryer at a platen temperature of 60°C and chamber pressure of 20-300μHg after being frozen by the following methods: spraying with liquid nitrogen, vacuum freezing, air blast (3m/sec) freezing at -30°C freezing on a cold plate at -30°C and still air freezing at -21°C (Fig. 1).<br> When the jelly was frozen at a higher rate, the shape of lyophilized product remained unchanged and its tissue was fine (Fig. 3-2), whereas the one frozen at a slower rate gave a shrinked product and its tissue was rough (Fig. 3-5).<br> Although the ultra-quick freezing by spraying with liquid nitrogen gave a product whose tissue was very fine, remarkable cracks and projections resulted during the subsequent freeze-drying (Fig. 3-1). The colour of lyophilized jelly was more preferable as the rate of prefreezing was higher. A slight difference was observed in the distribution of ash and dissolution velocity in hot water. However, the freezing rate did not affect the reconstitution of the products: the quality of all the jellies made from the dried products was similar to that of original jelly.<br> It may be concluded from these results as well as the simplicity in processing that the vacuum freezing is the most preferable method for pre-treatment of the jelly.

著者

松田 由美子

出版者

The Japanese Society of Fisheries Science

雑誌

日本水産学会誌 (ISSN:00215392)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.11, pp.1026-1030, 1968

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It was reported in the previous paper¹⁾ that the lyophilization is a preferable method for the preservation of "tokoroten", <i>gelidium</i> jelly, as the lyophilized product gave, on reconstitution, a jelly having similar flavour and elasticity to those of the original "tokoroten". In this study, freezing preservation of it was attempted.<br> "Tokoroten" cut into 1.4cm cubes was frozen by three different methods, vacuum freezing, air blast freezing (3m/sec) at -30°C and still air freezing at -30°C, and stored at -25°, -15°and -5°C for 3 months. At a definite storage interval, the samples were dissolved in boiling water. The resulting solutions were condensed to the original concentration and gelatinized. The jellies thus obtained were examined on their qualities, such as colour, flavour, texture, palatability, jelly strength and compressive strain, to compared with those of the original one.<br> Immediately after freezing, reconstitution of all samples was nearly perfect. The jellies prepared from the stored samples showed only slight discolouration and off-flavour. The storage temperature and period did not affect the qualities appreciably.<br> It may be concluded from these results that "tokoroten" can be preserved frozen at least for 3 months at a temperature as high as -5°C without any unfavourable change of quality, and that the frozen "tokoroten" can be reconstituted almost perfectly if the process of thawing in boiling water is introduced.

著者

宮崎 一老

出版者

The Japanese Society of Fisheries Science

雑誌

日本水産学会誌 (ISSN:00215392)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.10, pp.955-966, 1962

被引用文献数

15

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Knowledge of the larval history of bivalves, especially their identification of species in plankton samples, would be of great importance for fisheries investigators making possible reliable prediction of spatfalls and efficient collections, as well as breeding seasons of adult forms and dates of larval settlement, and would, moreover, contribute much toward the solution of a wide range of problems, both practical and academic.<br> Up to this time little has been known concerning the larvae of most bivalves, although several extensive studies had been made by STAFFORD, KÄNDLER, LEBOUR, MIYAZAKI, YOSHIDA, J∅RGENSEN, SULLIVAN and REFS.<br> In the present work the author has revealed that the identification of larval stages of bivalves should be carried out not only by the shapes of prodissoconth but also by their developmental findings and the spawning habits of adult population, the latter being classified into groups A and B as shown below.<br> A-group (Marine form); a) Standard type, b) Protobranch type, c) Egg mass or string type, d) Incubatory type.<br> B-group (Freshwater form); a) Glochidium type, b) Lasidium type, c) Sphaerium type, d) Corbicula type, 1) Corbicula leana type, 2) Corbicula sandai type, 3) Corbicula japonica type (Brackish).<br> Further, having closely studied the drawings and descriptions covering some 200 species in aggregate number published by the investigators abovementioned, the present author has classified post-larvae into 20 types on the basis of definitely recognizable characteristics of prodissoconchs, which would be useful to any investigators interested.

著者

道津 喜衛 塚原 博

出版者

The Japanese Society of Fisheries Science

雑誌

日本水産学会誌 (ISSN:00215392)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.4, pp.335-342, 1964

被引用文献数

8

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<i>Mogurnda obscura</i> are the large eleotrid goby, about 15cm in length (Fig. 1: A, B). They are distributed in the western Japan, and are dwelling in rivers, brooks, lakes and swamps, and solitary in life (Fig. 2: A). Especially the river dwellers are found on sandy mud bottom of stagnant waters in middle and lower course of river. They are rather nocturnal and feeding on small fishes and crustaceans, especially small shrimps. They are active in warm seasons, especially in spawning season extending from April to June, and they have a tendency to become hibernant in winter.<br> The male fish are larger than the female, and they are polygamy. The sex dimorphism evidently appears in the form of genital papilla. No nuptial coloration appears in both sexes. The number of the ripe ovarian eggs, 1.5 to 1.9mm in diameter, were counted 934 to 3, 559 in 5 specimens ranging 95 to 162mm in total length (Table 1). The nest preferences were widely given to many kind of substances, e. g., stone, wood, bamboo, grass root, etc. in various forms. The egg masses were found mainly on underside of the nest shelters, and they were guarded by the male parent until the egg hatched out (Figs. 2, 3). A pair of the ripe fish, reared in an aquarium, spawned an egg mass on the inner wall of the earthernware pipe given as a nest. The egg is ellipsoid in shape, 5mm in long axis and 2mm in short axis. It is demersal adhesive one with a large yolk (Figs. 2, B: 3). The embryo hatched out after it developing to juvenile form (Fig. 4: A, B). The incubation period was about 30 days at 16 to 19°C.<br> The newly hatched larvae were 7.5mm in total length with separate ventral fins, and after the hatching they entered instantly into a bottom life (Fig. 4). The larvae as well as the ones of the relatives, <i>M. (M.) adspersus</i> and <i>M. mogurnda</i>, and shout, and grew in an aquarium (Fig. 1, C).<br> It is expected that the spawning is induced smoothly by the setting of artifical nest on the bottom of the habitat, because the nest is wanting under the natural condition. The authors adopted earthernware pipes and pieces of bamboo, about 30cm in length and 7cm in diameter, for the artificial nest, and attained a desired effect.

著者

HACHIRO HIRATA

出版者

The Japanese Society of Fisheries Science

雑誌

Fisheries science (ISSN:09199268)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.68, no.sup1, pp.829-834, 2002 (Released:2008-06-30)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1

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The harmonization between aquaculture developments and the conservation of aquatic environments is the key to sustaining aquaculture. One of the obstacles to this harmonization is the negative economic relationship between developments and conservation. In order to sustain a systematic aquaculture, we need to establish benefits for both the human economy and the biological economy. The polyculture of Ulva and fish has been conducted by our group since 1964, with differing intents. Sakai was able to develop an abalone culture that fed on the Ulva cultured in the fish farm, and these mollusks produced green pearls as a byproduct of this fish culture. In that way, human profit was harmonized with the biological economy. The whole aqua-crop ensilage (WACE) system has been lectured by Hirata since 1999. The fish culture introduces nutrients into the sea. The nutrients contribute to the growth of sessile organisms. Whole organisms are harvested and ensilaged to produce the probiotic feed. This feed is mixed with routine fish feed. Ruminated culture will also be applied for byproducing the rotifer in culture of fish. These systems will be developed in the future.

著者

Kazumi Sakuramoto

出版者

The Japanese Society of Fisheries Science

雑誌

Fisheries science (ISSN:09199268)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.3, pp.401-405, 1995 (Released:2008-06-30)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

5

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A method is presented to estimate relative recruitment from catch-at-age data alone by applying fuzzy control theory. An important feature of this approach is that the natural mortality coefficient is not needed. Simulation tests were conducted to determine the performance of this approach including comparison with a conventional method. The simulations showed that the assumed trend of recruitment was well reproduced. The fuzzy method possessed a higher robustness to noise in the catch-at-age data than the conventional method. This approach is useful for the analysis of catch-at-age data.