著者

Wontae Gong

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.7, pp.921-925, 2018 (Released:2018-07-03)

参考文献数

21

被引用文献数

4

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[Purpose] The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of continuous bridge exercises accompanied by an abdominal drawing-in maneuver on the thickness of abdominal muscles of normal adults. [Participants and Methods] The number of participants were 32, of which 16 people were assigned to the experimental group and 16 to the control group, respectively. Continuous bridge exercises were performed by the experimental group in 15 sets of 25 minutes each, 3 times a week for 6 weeks. The thickness of the abdominal muscles was measured using real-time ultrasonography. [Results] When the thicknesses of the abdominal muscles in the experimental and control groups before and after the experiment were compared, it could be seen that the internal obliques abdominis (IO) and transversus abdominis (TrA) of the experimental group had been increased. [Conclusion] This study confirmed that continuous bridge exercises effected a change in the thickness of deep abdominal muscles.

著者

Yasushi Kurihara Miki Tagami Tadamitsu Matsuda Sumiko Yamamoto

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.3, pp.227-231, 2019 (Released:2019-03-19)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

1

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[Purpose] To clarify the relationship between movement of the shank relative to the global reference frame (shank angle) while running, and foot alignment factors that lead to the onset of Achilles peritendinitis. [Participants and Methods] This study included 54 healthy male participants. Running at a constant speed was measured by three-dimensional motion analysis. The shank angle at the time of the first peak of vertical ground reaction force and maximum ankle dorsiflexion were analyzed. The magnitude of ankle plantarflexion, inversion, and adduction angle in the propulsive phase as well as static foot alignment (navicular index, and range of ankle dorsiflexion angle) were measured. The relationships between shank angle features and these parameters were investigated. [Results] Outward inclination of the shank occurred at the time of the first peak of vertical ground reaction force and maximum ankle dorsiflexion, with this increase in movement correlating with parameters that increased the risk of Achilles peritendinitis. [Conclusion] These findings suggest that evaluation of the shank angle on the frontal plane while running may be used to estimate the onset of Achilles peritendinitis in clinical practice.

著者

Ryuta Saito Shogo Okamoto Rie Nakazawa Masaaki Sakamoto

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.3, pp.282-286, 2019 (Released:2019-03-19)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

6

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[Purpose] This study aimed to investigate the plantar contact condition in females and to clarify the relationship between the foot alignment and floating toes classified in static and dynamic conditions. [Participants and Methods] The participants were 122 females. We evaluated the plantar contact condition, calculated the floating toe score, and classified the floating toes of the participants. The floating toes were classified into improvable and unimprovable floating toe groups based on the floating toe score measured in dynamic conditions. Furthermore, foot alignment was evaluated in 35 participants randomized and extracted from the contact toe and the improvable and unimprovable floating toe groups. [Results] The Arch Height Index in the unimprovable floating toe group was significantly smaller than that in the improvable floating toe group. The digitus minimus varus angle in the unimprovable floating toe group was significantly larger than that in the improvable floating toe group. No significant differences were observed in other items. [Conclusion] This study revealed that the foot alignment between the improvable and unimprovable floating toe groups has different features. However, no significant difference was found in the foot alignment between the contact and floating toe groups. Henceforth, it is necessary to evaluate and classify floating toes considering the functional aspects.

著者

Seung Kyu Park Dae Jung Yang Je Ho Kim Jae Won Heo Sam Heon Park Yo Han Uhm Jong Hyuk Yoon

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.1, pp.24-28, 2019 (Released:2019-01-10)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

2

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[Purpose] To present an efficient treatment regimen for patients with cervicogenic headache by comparatively analyzing the neck disability index (NDI) and cervical muscle activity after an exercise intervention. [Participants and Methods] Thirty patients with cervicogenic headache were assigned to the cranio-cervical flexion group (n=15) and cranio-cervical flexion plus transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) group (n=15). Intervention was administered for four weeks, after which the participants’ NDI and sternocleidomastoid muscle activity were measured. [Results] The treatment group demonstrated a significantly greater change in NDI after the intervention compared to the control group. The treatment group also showed a significantly greater change in sternocleidomastoid muscle activity than the control group. [Conclusion] Our results show that applying tDCS during cranio-cervical flexion exercise can strengthen the sternocleidomastoid muscle more effectively while improving pain and associated functions in patients with cervicogenic headache. These results would contribute towards developing a more efficient treatment for patients with cervicogenic headache.

著者

Hye-Young Kim Young-Ran Yeun Sung-Joong Kim

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.9, pp.2529-2532, 2016 (Released:2016-09-29)

参考文献数

22

被引用文献数

5

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[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to investigate the preventive effects of stretching and stabilization exercises on muscle fatigue of the neck erector spine and upper trapezius muscles. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects of this study were 26 healthy university students (14 males and 12 females). Each subject was assigned randomly to each of three study groups in order to prevent order effect. The three groups included in this study were the no-exercise, stretching exercise, and neck stabilization exercise groups. The median electromyographic frequency was used as a gauge of muscle fatigue. [Results] Decreased muscle fatigue was demonstrated by an increase in the median electromyographic frequency values in all the four muscle groups in the comparison between conditions 1 and 3. In particular, statistically significant differences were found between the two conditions in the right upper trapezius muscle group. [Conclusion] These findings suggest that the effect of stretching and stabilization exercises can reduce muscle fatigue in mobile phone users.

著者

Masaki Hasegawa Sadaaki Oki Tomoaki Shimada

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.1, pp.11-16, 2010 (Released:2010-03-19)

参考文献数

28

被引用文献数

5 5

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[Purpose] In general, people with bilateral osteoarthritis descend stairs sideways or backwards as compensatory movements. However, to the best of our knowledge, no studies have investigated these movements. The objective of the present study was to ascertain the effects of descending forwards and descending backwards on kinetic changes in the knee joint, to ascertain the optimal stair descending method for minimizing stress on the knee joint. [Subjects] Subjects were 30 adult women with no orthopedic or neurological disorders. [Methods] With step heights (riser heights) of 10, 15, 20 and 25 cm, changes in knee flexion angle, extension moment and joint force were measured when descending forwards and descending backwards using a three dimensional motion analysis system. [Results] Peak knee flexion angle, peak knee extension moment and peak knee joint forces observed in descending stairs backwards were smaller than those in the descending forwards action. [Conclusion] The present results suggest that descending stairs backwards for osteoarthritis patients is effective in protecting the knees, alleviating pain and acquiring compensatory movements.

著者

Amer Al Saif Samira Alsenany

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.6, pp.1697-1700, 2015 (Released:2015-06-30)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

5 21

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[Purpose] Obesity is a global health problem and is associated with a multitude of complications. This study was designed to determine changes in cardiopulmonary functions after aerobic and anaerobic exercise training in obese subjects. [Subjects and Methods] Forty obese subjects, whose ages ranged between 18 and 25 years, were divided into 2 equal groups: group A received aerobic exercise training in addition to dietary measures, and group B received anaerobic exercise training for 3 months in addition to dietary measures. Measurements of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, maximum voluntary ventilation, maximal oxygen consumption, and body mass index were obtained for both groups before and after the exercise program. [Results] The mean body mass index, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, heart rate, and maximal oxygen consumption decreased significantly, whereas the mean maximum voluntary ventilation increased significantly after treatment in group A. The mean maximum voluntary ventilation also increased significantly after treatment in group B. There were significant differences between the mean levels of the investigated parameters in groups A and B after treatment. [Conclusion] Aerobic exercise reduces weight and improves cardiopulmonary fitness in obese subjects better than anaerobic exercise.

著者

島田 裕之 内山 靖

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

理学療法科学 (ISSN:13411667)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.2, pp.61-67, 1999 (Released:2007-03-29)

参考文献数

25

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本研究は運動機能障害を有する患者に対して心拍数の測定による歩行耐久性の評価を行い,短距離歩行と長距離歩行時の生理応答の違いを明らかにした。さらに,長距離にわたって荷物を持つことが生体に及ぼす影響を明確にし,歩行障害度との関係を比較・検討した。その結果,健常者,患者ともに歩行開始直後の短距離(50m)の歩行速度と長距離(1km)での歩行速度とは相関しなかった。患者が長距離歩いたときの心拍応答は直線あるいは対数関数的に上昇を示し,特に機能障害の重度な患者では歩行距離が伸びると歩行効率は低下し,身体にかかる負荷が増大する結果となった。また,荷物を持つことにより健常者,患者ともにPCI,%HRRは有意に上昇し,歩行速度は低下し,機能障害の重度な患者ほど応答的課題に対する生理応答の変化は大きかった。以上の結果から,理学療法の臨床では実際の長距離歩行を詳細に検討することが重要であると考えられた。

著者

Justin M. Anderson Paul A. Oakley Deed E. Harrison

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.2, pp.153-158, 2019 (Released:2019-02-07)

参考文献数

39

被引用文献数

6

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[Purpose] To demonstrate the reduction of symptoms related to Parkinson’s disease by improvement in posture. [Participant and Methods] A 59-year-old male patient presented with a prior diagnosis of Parkinson’s. Symptoms included a resting right hand tremor, intermittent ‘freezing episodes’ with gait, mild ataxia with shuffling on toes and bradykinesia assisted with a cane, as well as low back pain and right knee pain. Radiography revealed gross postural and spine deformity. The patient received Chiropractic BioPhysics care including mirror image exercises, spinal traction, spinal adjustments as well as gait rehabilitation. [Results] After 38 treatments over 5 months, the patient had significant improvements in posture alignment as well as gait, balance, hand tremors, low back and knee pains and SF-36 values. A 21 month follow-up revealed the patient had remained essentially well and the initial postural improvements were maintained. [Conclusion] This case demonstrates improvement of various symptoms in a patient with Parkinson’s disease. Since poor posture is a long known clinical manifestation of this disorder, it is proposed that the improvement of posture in these patients may lead to improved outcomes. X-ray use in the diagnosis and management in those with spine deformity is safe and not carcinogenic.

著者

Sun-Kyoung Lee Chung-Moo Lee Jong-Hwan Park

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.9, pp.2915-2919, 2015 (Released:2015-09-30)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

5 15

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[Purpose] The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of a jump rope and ball combined exercise program on the physical fitness the neurotransmitter (epinephrine, serotonin) levels of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. [Subjects and Methods] The subjects were 12 boys attending elementary school, whose grade levels ranged from 1–4. The block randomization method was used to distribute the participants between the combined exercise group (n = 6) and control group (n = 6). The program consisted of a 60-min exercise (10-min warm-up, 40-min main exercise, and 10-min cool down) performed three times a week, for a total of 12 weeks. [Results] The exercise group showed a significant improvement in cardiorespiratory endurance, muscle strength, muscle endurance and flexibility after 12 weeks. A significant increase in the epinephrine level was observed in the exercise group. [Conclusion] The 12-week combined exercise program in the current study (jump rope and ball exercises) had a positive effect on overall fitness level, and neurotransmission in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.

著者

Bo-in Kim Ju-Hyeon Jung Jemyung Shim Hae-Yeon Kwon Haroo Kim

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.1, pp.77-79, 2014 (Released:2014-02-06)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

5 10

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[Purpose] This study analyzed the activities of the back and hip muscles during Pilates exercises conducted in a prone position. [Subjects] The subjects were 18 healthy women volunteers who had practiced at a Pilates center for more than three months. [Methods] The subjects performed three Pilates exercises. To examine muscle activity during the exercises, 8-channel surface electromyography (Noraxon USA, Inc., Scottsdale, AZ) was used. The surface electrodes were attached to the bilateral latissimus dorsi muscle, multifidus muscle, gluteus maximus, and semitendinous muscle. Three Pilates back exercises were compared: (1) double leg kick (DLK), (2) swimming (SW), and (3) leg beat (LB). Electrical muscle activation was normalized to maximal voluntary isometric contraction. Repeated measures analysis of variance was performed to assess the differences in activation levels among the exercises. [Results] The activity of the multifidus muscle was significantly high for the SW (52.3±11.0, 50.9±9.8) and LB exercises(51.8±12.8, 48.3±13.9) and the activity of the semitendinosus muscle was higher for the LB exercise (49.2±8.7, 52.9±9.3) than for the DLK and SW exercises. [Conclusion] These results may provide basic material for when Pilates exercises are performed in a prone position and may be useful information on clinical Pilates for rehabilitation programs.

著者

Sung-Ryoung Ma Jong-Bae Choi

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.1, pp.93-94, 2019 (Released:2019-01-29)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

4

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[Purpose] This study aims to investigate the effect of electrical stimulation on aspiration in children with cerebral palsy and dysphagia. [Participants and Methods] Five children with cerebral palsy and dysphagia were recruited. Electrical stimulation was applied to the submental region targeting submental muscles. All participants received electrical stimulation 30 min/day, 5 days/week, for 4 weeks. Evaluation was performed using the penetration-aspiration scale (PAS), based on a videofluoroscopic swallowing study. [Results] PAS scores showed a statistically significant decrease from 3.8 ± 1.5 to 2.1 ± 1.2 and from 6.4 ± 2.1 to 4.3 ± 2.5 for semisolids type and liquids respectively. [Conclusion] The use of electrical stimulation is effective in reducing aspiration in children with cerebral palsy and dysphagia.

著者

Munetsugu Kouta Koichi Shinkoda

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.3, pp.185-189, 2008 (Released:2008-08-29)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

19 24

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[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to clarify the difference in sit-to-walk (STW) motion between young adults (YG) and an elderly persons (EG). [Subjects and Methods] Twenty-seven subjects (9 in YG and 18 in EG) were instructed to perform STW and to walk 3 m at a comfortable speed and at maximal speed. Data were obtained using a 3D motion capture system for kinematic data, and two force plates for kinetic data. [Results] The time required for STW was similar for both groups at both comfortable and maximal speeds, but the forward velocity of the center of gravity of the whole body (COG-WB) was higher for YG, and upward COG-WB at the time of the first heel contact was faster for YG. Ground reaction force analyses showed many differences between the groups. For YG, COG-WB moved forward and the first swing side was longer than for EG. [Conclusion] Forward and lateral COG-WB movements before the toe-off generate a progressive force. We suggest that YG subjects may have sufficient muscle power in their lower extremity to bear the progressive force, or that EG subjects may have learned anticipatory postural control which has shorter forward movement due to aging and declining physical function.

著者

Kyong-Il Ki Mi-Sun Kim Young Moon Jong-Duk Choi

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.4, pp.1267-1269, 2015 (Released:2015-04-30)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

7 16

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[Purpose] This study examined the effects of auditory feedback during gait on the weight bearing of patients with hemiplegia resulting from a stroke. [Subjects] Thirty hemiplegic patients participated in this experiment and they were randomly allocated to an experimental group and a control group. [Methods] Both groups received neuro-developmental treatment for four weeks and the experimental group additionally received auditory feedback during gait training. In order to examine auditory feedback effects on weight bearing during gait, a motion analysis system GAITRite was used to measure the duration of the stance phase and single limb stance phase of the subjects. [Results] The experimental group showed statistically significant improvements in the duration of the stance phase and single limb stance phase of the paretic side and the results of the Timed Up and Go Test after the training. [Conclusion] Auditory feedback during gait training significantly improved the duration of the stance phase and single limb stance phase of hemiplegic stroke patients.

著者

Anita Verma Sanjay Shete Dattatraya Kulkarni Ranjeet Singh Bhogal

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.7, pp.1254-1258, 2017 (Released:2017-07-15)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

2

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[Purpose] This study was conducted with a view to find out the effect of yoga practices on micronutrient absorption in urban residential school children. [Subjects and Methods] The study population comprised 66 urban school children aged 11–15 years staying in a residential school in Pune City, Maharashtra, India. A stratified random sampling method was used to divide the students into experimental and control groups. There were 33 students in experimental group and 33 students in control group. Both experimental and control groups were assessed for the status of zinc, copper, iron and magnesium at the baseline and at the end of 12 weeks of yoga training. The study participants of experimental group underwent yoga training for 12 weeks, for one hour in the morning for six days a week. The control group did not undergo any yoga training during this time period. [Results] The experimental group participants showed significant improvement in micronutrient absorption as compared to control group. [Conclusion] The findings of this study indicate that yoga practices could improve micronutrient absorption in urban residential school children.

著者

Wontae Gong Sangyeol Ma Hyolyun Ro

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.107-110, 2011 (Released:2011-04-28)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

6 7

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[Purpose] This study investigated the effects and safety of whole body cryotherapy (WBC) and spinal decompression on the pain, cervical function, and body surface temperature of cervical herniated nucleus pulposus (C-HNP) patients. [Subjects] The subjects were 20 patients (6 males and 14 females) with cervical disc herniation (C5-6) who visited Hospital S in Daejeon, Korea. [Methods] Treatment Group 1 (3 males and 7 females) received interference current therapy, ultrasonic therapy, spinal decompression therapy, and WBC. Treatment Group 2 (2 males and 8 females) received interference current therapy, ultrasonic therapy, and spinal decompression therapy. [Results] Visual Analog Scale (VAS), Neck Disability Index (NDI), and differences in body surface temperatures between left and right upper extremity muscles decreased after treatment compared to prior to treatment. The group receiving spinal decompression and WBC application had a greater degree of change in VAS and NDI. However, change of body surface temperatures of the upper extremities after treatment between the two treatment groups was not statisticaly significant. [Conclusion] A combination of spinal decompression therapy and WBC offers a safe and appropriate treatment for cervical disc herniation.

著者

Sangho Lee Sangyong Lee Mugeun Jeong Hyunju Oh Kwansub Lee

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.11, pp.1907-1909, 2017 (Released:2017-11-22)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

17

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[Purpose] This study examined the effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy on pain and range of motion in patients with adhesive capsulitis. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty patients with adhesive capsulitis were divided into an experimental group (n=15) that would be treated with extracorporeal shock wave therapy and a control group (n=15) that would be treated only with conservative physical therapy. Both groups were treated three times a week over a four-week period. [Results] An intra-group comparison before and after the treatment showed that both groups experienced a decline in pain and an increase in their range of motion that were statistically significant. An inter-group comparison after the treatment showed that the experimental group had a lower level of pain and a higher range of motion than the control group that were statistically significant. [Conclusion] Extracorporeal shock wave therapy may be an effective intervention for reducing pain and improving the range of motion in patients with adhesive capsulitis.

著者

Keisuke Nakamura Masayoshi Ohira Yoshiharu Yokokawa

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, no.10, pp.1631-1633, 2014 (Released:2014-10-28)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1 6

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[Purpose] The aim of this study was to investigate the steady state of oxygen uptake (VO2) at several standing up frequencies to clarify whether workload in the sit-to-stand exercise (STSE) is greater than the anaerobic threshold (AT). [Subjects] Ten healthy young subjects performed the STSE. [Methods] In the STSE, subjects stood up and sat down without using their arms to push-off from the chair at standing up frequencies of 6, 12, 18, 24, 30, and 36 times per minutes. Subjects exercised for 5 minutes at each frequency with 5 minutes of rest between each consecutive frequency trial. The steady state of VO2 was evaluated by the difference in the VO2 between the 3rd and 5th min at each frequency. The correlation between the VO2 of the STSE and the standing up frequency was analyzed. [Results] At standing up frequencies greater than 24 times/min, the steady state of VO2 could not be confirmed. The relationship between the standing up frequency (at less than 24 times/min) and VO2 was strong (r=0.94). [Conclusion] The STSE may be a potentially useful test for determining AT and predicting the physical capacity of patients.

著者

Paweł Lizis

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.8, pp.2563-2567, 2015 (Released:2015-08-21)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

3 21

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[Purpose] This study compared the analgesic effects of extracorporeal shock wave therapy with those of ultrasound therapy in patients with chronic tennis elbow. [Subjects] Fifty patients with tennis elbow were randomized to receive extracorporeal shock wave therapy or ultrasound therapy. [Methods] The extracorporeal shock wave therapy group received 5 treatments once per week. Meanwhile, the ultrasound group received 10 treatments 3 times per week. Pain was assessed using the visual analogue scale during grip strength evaluation, palpation of the lateral epicondyle, Thomsen test, and chair test. Resting pain was also recorded. The scores were recorded and compared within and between groups pre-treatment, immediately post-treatment, and 3 months post-treatment. [Results] Intra- and intergroup comparisons immediately and 3 months post-treatment showed extracorporeal shock wave therapy decreased pain to a significantly greater extent than ultrasound therapy. [Conclusion] Extracorporeal shock wave therapy can significantly reduce pain in patients with chronic tennis elbow.

著者

Jung-Ho Lee Eun-Yeong Han

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, no.3, pp.341-344, 2013-03-25 (Released:2013-05-10)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

3 15

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[Purpose] The study aims to examines the effects of proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF), extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT), and trigger point injection (TPI) on pain reduction and functional improvement in patients with Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) of the upper trapezius muscle and compares their treatment effects, thereby presenting precise and efficient treatment methods. [Subjects] Thirty-three patients with MPS in the upper trapezius muscle were divided into three groups: a PNF group (n=11), ESWT group (n=11), and a TPI group (n=11). [Methods] The degree of pain was measured using the visual analog scale (VAS). Pressure pain threshold (PPT) was measured at trigger points in the upper trapezius muscle by using a pressure algometer, and the Constant-Murley scale (CMS) and neck disability index (NDI) was applied for functional evaluation. [Results] A comparison of the effects of the different treatment methods revealed no significant differences among the groups in terms of PPT, but CMS (pain, range, and activities of daily living) and NDI showed significant differences among groups. [Conclusion] PNF treatment enhanced neck function, range of motion in the shoulder joint, and activities of daily living relative to the other methods; ESWT reduced degree of pain and improved functioning. TPI treatment reduced pain, but had limited effects in enhancing functional activities.