著者

Yoshinori Naito Masataka Kamiya Akira Kanai Susumu Ota

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.11, pp.913-916, 2019 (Released:2019-11-26)

参考文献数

11

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[Purpose] In this study, we investigated the immediate effect on walking using a custom-made hinged knee brace with adjustable knee flexion and extension support (support brace) in patients in the acute phase of stroke. [Participants and Methods] Thirteen patients (56.8 ± 6.8 years) who experienced stroke and who were able to walk independently participated in the study. The walking speed and mean knee extension strength were evaluated under three conditions: no brace, general brace, and support brace. [Results] The walking speed of patients while using the support brace was significantly faster (0.60 ± 0.11 m/s) than that without brace (0.45 ± 0.16 m/s) and with general brace (0.52 ± 0.14 m/s). The fastest walking speed among all 8 patterns (no brace, general brace, and the support brace with six different patterns of support) was with the support brace. The mean knee extension strength while wearing a support brace (1.01 ± 0.24 Nm/kg) was significantly greater than that without wearing a brace (0.82 ± 0.28 Nm/kg). [Conclusion] The support brace, which allows for customizable adjustment of the flexion and extension strength, enhanced the walking ability of patients who experienced ambient stroke and were in the acute phase.

著者

Yong-chan Do Won-gyu Yoo

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.1, pp.169-170, 2015 (Released:2015-01-09)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

6 10

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[Purpose] This study applied variable plank exercises on a stable surface consisting of a mat, on an unstable surface consisting of a dynamic cushion placed under the upper extremities and lower extremities. [Subjects] Forty-three healthy male and female subjects in their 20s voluntarily consented to participate in this study. [Methods] The subjects performed the plank exercises on the three support surfaces. Ultrasound imaging was conducted while they carried out plank exercises. [Results] The changes in the thicknesses of both the transversus abdominis and internal abdominal obliques were statistically more significant for LEDCP than for MatP. In addition, the changes in the thickness of the transversus abdominis were statistically more significant for LEDCP than for UEDCP. [Conclusion] Therefore, applying an unstable condition to the lower limbs using a dynamic cushion is considered more effective during plank exercises.

著者

Kengo Nakai Hala Zeidan Yusuke Suzuki Yuu Kajiwara Kanako Shimoura Masataka Tatsumi Yuichi Nishida Tsubasa Bitoh Soyoka Yoshimi Tomoki Aoyama

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.2, pp.202-205, 2019 (Released:2019-02-07)

参考文献数

25

被引用文献数

6

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[Purpose] Hallux valgus occurs in the forefoot where the transverse arch is located and may be a factor involved in forefoot pain. The relationship between forefoot pain and forefoot structure is unknown. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between forefoot pain and the transverse arch in patients with hallux valgus. [Participants and Methods] In this study, 122 (197 feet) adult females (46 to 86 years old) with hallux valgus were studied. By using questionnaires, the females were divided into two groups depending on whether or not they had forefoot pain (a group with forefoot pain [P group] and a group without forefoot pain [NP group]). The hallux valgus angle was measured using a goniometer, and the transverse arch was measured using a weight-bearing plantar ultrasonography imaging device. The transverse arch measurements included the transverse arch height and length. [Results] Only the transverse arch length, even after adjustment, was significantly greater in the P group. No significant difference was found between the hallux valgus angle and the transverse arch height. [Conclusion] The greater transverse arch length in the P group was possibly due to the collapsing transverse arch support muscles. Increased width probably caused inadequate impact absorption which in turn led to forefoot pain.

著者

Hiroshi Katoh

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.10, pp.776-779, 2019 (Released:2019-10-19)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

6

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[Purpose] In clinical settings, patients with knee osteoarthritis often complain of pain at gait initiation. In the present study, we aimed to determine the differences in the center of foot pressure and lower extremity muscle activity at gait initiation in healthy volunteers compared to patients with medial knee osteoarthritis. [Participants and Methods] The study comprised of 10 females without medial knee osteoarthritis (healthy group) and 10 females with medial knee osteoarthritis (medial knee osteoarthritis group). We measured the center of foot pressure trajectory and muscle activity onset times of the tibialis anterior and internal gastrocnemius at gait initiation. Moreover, we examined the effects of insole use in the medial knee osteoarthritis group. [Results] The posterior center of foot pressure displacement was significantly smaller in the medial knee osteoarthritis group (barefoot and insole) than in the healthy group. The anterior center of foot pressure displacement significantly improved with insole use. The muscle activity onset time of the tibialis anterior was significantly delayed in the medial knee osteoarthritis group (barefoot) than in the healthy group. [Conclusion] Postural control decreased at gait initiation in the medial knee osteoarthritis group.

著者

Sung-Hak Cho Soo-Han Kim

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.6, pp.1806-1808, 2016 (Released:2016-06-24)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

2 9

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[Purpose] This research explored the positive effects of self-myofascial release on hamstring muscular flexibility and proprioception and investigated the effectiveness of the stretch combined with therapeutic ultrasound. [Subjects and Methods] This study included 30 healthy university students with no history of pain in the Achilles tendon or hamstring within the recent 6 months. Each participant completed two experiments. In the first experiment (MS), they completed self-myofascial stretching using a foam roller for 7 days. In the second experiment (MSU), the same participants performed the self-myofascial stretching after the 15-minute application of ultrasound. This study involved a pre- and post-test on hamstring muscle flexibility and hip joint proprioception. [Results] The use of self-myofascial stretching in the MS experiment had a significant effect on hamstring muscle flexibility and hip joint proprioception. However, the addition of ultrasound in the MSU experiment had no additive effect. [Conclusion] Self-myofascial stretching immediately increased hamstring muscle flexibility and improved hip joint proprioception, but the addition of pre-stretch ultra sound provided no further benefit.

著者

Thomas Haab Georg Wydra

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.6, pp.1048-1053, 2017 (Released:2017-06-07)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1 5

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[Purpose] Degenerative changes take place in the musculoskeletal system of elderly people, resulting in a reduced range of motion. For this reason, stretch training is recommended for elderly individuals. To date, there have been no studies of the adaptations of the passive properties of muscles following long-term stretch training. The aim of this study is to investigate the hamstring elasticity of elderly people following a 10-week stretch training and compare the results to a younger cohort. [Subjects and Methods] The experimental groups consisted of 15 younger (24.0 ± 4.0 years) and 14 older (65.1 ± 7.9 years) individuals. Both experimental groups undertook a standardised 10-week static passive hamstring stretch training. Passive properties of the hamstring were measured with an instrumented Straight Leg Raise Test. [Results] After a 10-week stretch training, there were increases in range of motion, passive resistive force and passive elastic energy in both age groups. Passive elastic stiffness decreased. Changes of hamstring passive properties did not differ significantly between age groups after a 10-week stretch training. [Conclusion] Increasing age has a negative effect on muscle passive properties, but older individuals benefit from regular stretch training, just as younger individuals do.

著者

大野 吉郎 潮見 泰蔵 黒沢 和生 関 勝男 高橋 高治 猪股 高志 福田 敏幸 今泉 寛 丸山 仁司 秋山 純和

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

理学療法のための運動生理 (ISSN:09127100)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, no.2, pp.109-111, 1987 (Released:2007-03-29)

参考文献数

2

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健康成年男性6名を対象として、一定頻度(1回/10秒)でtotal rotation pattern(以下TRPとする)、partial rotation pattern(以下PRPとする)、none rotation pattern(以下NRPとする)による起き上がり動作を行わせ、各動作での酸素消費量、心拍数を測定し、パターンの相違によるエネルギー消費量の変化について検討した。その結果、FRP、PRP、NRPの順で酸素消費量および心拍数は低くなった。これは運動発達の順序に即したものと考えられ、この順序がエネルギー消費からみて、より効率の良い起き上がりパターンへの移行と解釈できる。

著者

林 秀俊

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

理学療法科学 (ISSN:13411667)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, no.1, pp.15-19, 1995-02-20 (Released:2007-03-29)

参考文献数

7

被引用文献数

1 1

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当院における脳卒中の運動療法は,Hirschbergや三好の考え方で,安定した歩行獲得を目標に,健側(非麻痺側)下肢の筋力強化を目的とし,起立―着席訓練を中心に行っている。今回,運動療法開始時に歩行不可能であった患者58例を対象に運動療法を実施し,退院時の歩行機能を自立群,介助群,不能群に分類し,3群について年齢,麻痺側,発病から運動療法開始までの期間,訓練期間う入院期間,退院先について検討した。 年齢,麻痺側,発病から運動療法開始までの期間,入院期間については統計学的差を認めなかったが,訓練期間については自立群が他2群に比較し有意(p<0.01)に短く,退院先についても3群間に有意な差(p<0.01)を認め,自立群は自宅へ,他2群は転院や施設に行くものが多かった。

著者

Rae Joon Park Hohee Son Kyung Kim Sunggil Kim Taeyoung Oh

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.3, pp.515-518, 2011 (Released:2011-08-05)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

3 15

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[Purpose] This study was performed to investigate the effect of microcurrent electrical stimulation on the foot blood circulation and the degree of pain experienced by diabetes patients. [Subjects] Twenty nine patients with diabetic neuropathy over the age of 60 were randomly divided into an experimental(16 patients, 67.9 ± 8.0 years) and a control group(13 patients, 70.4 ± 4.4 years). [Methods] Both groups walked on a treadmill at a comfortable pace for 50 min/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks, and each participant's body weight, body composition, and blood lipid were examined at the baseline and 4 weeks later. [Results] The results show that the foot blood flow rate increment after the intervention was significantly different between the experimental group and the control group, and the VAS was also significantly different. [Conclusion] Based on the results of this study, we consider that microcurrent electric stimulation of the foot may be helpful for preventing the pain and diabetic ulcers by increasing the foot blood circulation in diabetes patients.

著者

Mikio Fujimoto Shota Suzuki Hirotaka Kuki Minori Masuda Keiichi Takei Mitsuru Yamamoto

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.7, pp.504-507, 2019 (Released:2019-07-02)

参考文献数

10

被引用文献数

2

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[Purpose] The Gait Judge System measures the plantar flexion resistive torque acting on the angle of the ankle joint, as well as the ankle joint itself, of the ankle-foot orthosis using a 1,000 Hz sampling frequency. This pilot study aimed to determine the characteristics of plantar flexion resistive torque acting on the double Klenzak ankle joint of the ankle-foot orthoses worn by healthy individuals. [Participants and Methods] Participants were eight healthy young adults (3 male, 5 female; mean age, 26.8 years old; mean height, 165 cm.; mean body weight, 56.3 kg). Plantar flexion resistive torques and angles of the ankle joint in gait cycles were measured with the Gait Judge System. Speed of gait was calculated using a ruler attached on the floor and the Gait Judge System video. We classified waveforms according to the existence of second peaks in the gait cycle. The correlations between parameters related to the plantar flexion resistive torque and the speed of gait were evaluated using Pearson’s simple correlation analysis. [Results] The plantar flexion resistive torque showed two peaks: the first peak was at the loading response, measured at 17.4 Nm, and the second peak was at the pre-swing phase, measured at 10.9 Nm. However, the second peak was absent in three of the participants. The normalized second peak and the second peak/first peak ratio had a strong, positive correlation with the speed of gait. [Conclusion] The Gait Judge System revealed typical waveforms according to the parameters set in this study.

著者

Nobumasa Matsui Hiroichi Miaki Takashi Kitagawa Takao Nakagawa

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.7, pp.540-544, 2019 (Released:2019-07-02)

参考文献数

26

被引用文献数

2

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[Purpose] This study aimed to verify the relationship between foot range of motion and the amount of physical activity in diabetic patients. [Participants and Methods] There were twenty-eight male patients with diabetes (age ranged from 50 to 69 years old) and 10 healthy, non-diabetic male individuals within the same age range in the diabetes group and control group, respectively. The passive ranges of motion of the following joints were measured in the right foot of each participant: the ankle joint, the first metatarsophalangeal joint, and the subtalar joint. The amount of daily physical activity was estimated using the short Japanese version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. [Results] The mean range of motion of the ankle joints in the diabetic and control groups was 55.4 ± 8.4° and 69.1 ± 9.2°, respectively, whereas the mean range of motion of the first metatarsophalangeal joints in the diabetic and control groups was 82.9 ± 9.6° and 96.3 ± 8.9°, respectively. The diabetic group showed a significantly higher restriction in joint range of motion than did the control group. The amount of physical activity was a contributing factor toward the ankle range of motion according to multiple regression analysis. [Conclusion] We determined that the range of motion in the ankle joints of diabetic patients was affected by their level of physical activity.

著者

Seong-Yeol Kim Sung-Ja Koo

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.6, pp.1669-1672, 2016 (Released:2016-06-24)

参考文献数

19

被引用文献数

17 101

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[Purpose] The effect of duration of smartphone use on neck and shoulder muscle fatigue and pain was investigated in adults with forward head posture. [Subjects and Methods] Thirty-four adults with forward head posture were classified into groups by duration of smartphone use: 11 used a smartphone for 10 minutes each (group 1), 12 for 20 minutes each (group 2), and 11 for 30 minutes each (group 3). Fatigue cervical erector spinae and upper trapezius muscles was measured by electromyography, and pain before and after the experiment was evaluated using Visual Analog Scale (VAS) scores. [Results] There was a significant difference in the degree of fatigue in the left upper trapezius muscles in group 2 and left cervical erector spinae and bilateral upper trapeziuses group 3. There was a significant difference in fatigue in the left upper trapezius in groups 1 and 3. The VAS showed significant differences in all groups before and after the experiment and between groups 1 and 3. [Conclusion] Pain and fatigue worsened with longer smartphone use. This study provided data on the proper duration of smartphone use. Correct posture and breaks of at least 20 minutes are recommend when using smartphones.

著者

Amer A. AlSaif Samira Alsenany

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.6, pp.2001-2003, 2015 (Released:2015-06-30)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

13 50

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[Purpose] Motor control and muscle strength impairments are the prime reasons for motor behavior disorders in children with spastic cerebral palsy. These impairments lead to histological changes in muscle growth and the learning of motor skills. Therefore, such children experience reduced muscle force generation and decreased muscle flexibility. We investigated the effect of training with Nintendo Wii Fit games on motor performance in children with spastic cerebral palsy. [Subjects and Methods] Forty children with cerebral palsy spastic diplegia aged 6–10 years diagnosed with level-3 functional capabilities according to the Gross Motor Classification System (GMFCS) were enrolled. Participants were divided randomly into equal groups: group (A) that practiced with the Nintendo Wii Fit game for at least 20 minutes/day for 12 weeks and group (B) that underwent no training (control group). The Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 (mABC-2) was used to assess motor performance, because it mainly involves motor tasks very similar to those involved in playing Nintendo Wii Fit games, e.g., goal-directed arm movements, balancing, and jumping. [Results] There were significant improvements in the subscales of the motor performance test of those who practiced with the Nintendo Wii, while the control group showed no significant changes. [Conclusion] Using motion interactive games in home rehabilitation is feasible for children with cerebral palsy.

著者

嶋田 誠一郎 佐々木 伸一 井村 慎一 鈴木 一弘

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

理学療法のための運動生理 (ISSN:09127100)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, no.2, pp.75-80, 1988 (Released:2007-03-29)

参考文献数

10

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膝蓋腱反射を通して運動が筋緊張に与える影響を推察する事を目的とし、以下の研究を行った。研究は、健常者23例、膝蓋腱反射亢進を示す症例8例に対し膝関節屈曲伸展の交互等速度運動を行わせ、膝蓋腱反射に与える影響を経時的に測定した。その結果、等速度運動終了後、健常者で運動開始前との間に運動終了後1分、同3分、同5分で有意な振幅の増加が認められた。症例では、運動終了後1分および同3分で運動開始前との間に有意な増加が認められた。本研究により理学療法を試行する際、筋緊張を考慮したい症例の場合は、運動の強度やインターバルを調節する必要性が示唆された。

著者

鈴木 正彦

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

理学療法科学 (ISSN:13411667)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.2, pp.101-106, 1997 (Released:2007-03-29)

参考文献数

9

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薬物療法下の患者に理学療法を行うことも多いが,両療法は独立して作用するのではなく相互に影響しあう。本講座の2回目として,心臓血管系作用薬を取り上げた。運動療法によって心臓血管系の生理機能は変化するが,心臓血管系に作用する多くの薬物があり,狭心症,高血圧症,不整脈,心不全などの疾患の治療に使用されている。これら薬物の適用下では運動療法による心臓血管系機能の変化が種々の影響を受ける。今回は,特にβ遮断薬,亜硝酸化合物,カルシウム拮抗薬,アンジオテンシン変換酵素阻害薬,α1遮断薬,α2作用薬および強心配糖体の薬理作用とそれらの運動療法に対する影響を概説した。

著者

加藤 順一 原 泰久 鳴滝 恭也

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

理学療法のための運動生理 (ISSN:09127100)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.9, no.2, pp.67-70, 1994 (Released:2007-03-29)

参考文献数

15

被引用文献数

1

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中年肥満女性14名を対象に有酸素運動(最大酸素摂取量のおよそ60%の運動強度)による運動療法を行い,体重減量の運動生理学的代謝の変化について検討した。血圧,Body Mass Indexと体脂肪率は有意に低下したが,Lean Body Mass(除脂肪体重)は変化しなかった。体重減量の前後で自転車エルゴメーターを用いた運動負荷テストによる呼気ガス分析で,最大酸素摂取量と最大心拍数は変化しなかったが,最大分時換気量は12%,METS maxは14%,LOAD maxは11%それぞれ有意に増加した。また,体重あたりの酸素摂取量も有意に増加した。無酸素性作業閾値(AT点)における最大酸素摂取量と最大心拍数は変化しなかった。これらの結果から中年肥満女性において適度な強度の運動療法による体重減量が,呼吸循環器および生理代謝の面で有効であり,成人病の予防につながることが示唆される。

著者

Hyoung-Chun Nam Hyun-Gyu Cha Myoung-Kwon Kim

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.7, pp.2102-2104, 2016 (Released:2016-07-29)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

4 12

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[Purpose] This study aimed to examine that therapeutic efficacy of an unstable surface on balance and gait ability in normal individuals. [Subjects and Methods] Forty subjects participated in the experiment and were randomly assigned to an experimental group of 20 subjects and a control group of 20 subjects. The experimental group performed balance exercise on an Aero-Step device (Aero-Step XL, TOGU, Prien-Bachham, Germany). The control group performed balance exercise on rigid ground. All subjects performed balance training 30 minutes a day, 5 days a week, for 4 weeks. After the intervention, balance measuring equipment (Good Balance, Metitur, Jyvaskyla, Finland) was used to quantitatively measure balance ability. [Results] Significant differences in post-training gains in the variables of static balance, dynamic balance, and velocity were observed between the experimental group and the control group. [Conclusion] Unstable surface training aimed at improving balance ability is considered to have a positive effect.

著者

Yonghun Kim Eunjung Kim Wontae Gong

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.5, pp.699-702, 2011 (Released:2011-11-25)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

16 22

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[Purpose] This study was performed to investigate the effects of trunk stability exercise using the proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) technique on stroke patients’ muscle activation and their results in the functional reach test (FRT). [Subjects] Adult hemiplegia patients (n=40) were randomly allocated to two groups: an experimental group and a control group. [Methods] The experimental group performed a trunk stability exercise using the PNF, while the control group performed only a general exercise program for 6 weeks (5 times a week). Pre- and post-experiment measurements were made of the FRT. For measuring muscle activation, the quadriceps, hamstring, tibialis anterior, and soleus muscles were recorded by electromyography (EMG) in the FRT. [Results] The results of this study show that after performing the therapeutic exercise program, the experimental group showed significant improvements in FRT, activities of quadriceps, hamstring, and soleus muscles on the affected side, and activities of the quadriceps, and soleus muscles on the non-affected side, the control group showed significant improvements only in activities of the quadriceps, and soleus muscles on the non-affected side. [Conclusion] These results indicate that trunk stabilizing exercises using PNF performed by stroke patients were effective at improving FRT and the muscle activities of the soleus and quadriceps.

著者

黒澤 美枝子

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

理学療法科学 (ISSN:13411667)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.3, pp.73-79, 2000 (Released:2007-03-29)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

1

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痛みは組織を損傷するような侵害性の刺激によって起こり,身体を脅かす危険な信号を知らせるという重要な役割を果たしている。侵害性の刺激によって興奮する侵害受容器は特殊な受容器構造を有しておらず,AδやC線維の一次求心性神経自由終末であると考えられている。一次求心性線維は,脊髄後角でグルタミン酸やサブスタンスPなどの伝達物質を分泌して侵害受容二次ニューロンに興奮を伝える。侵害性情報はさらに脊髄内を上行し,視床の特殊核或いは非特殊核に投射した後,大脳皮質感覚野,大脳辺縁系に投射して,痛みの感覚や情動反応,自律反応,防御反応を引き起こす。生体内にはまた,痛みに対する抑制機構(鎮痛機構)も存在する。

著者

Tomoki Oshikawa Yasuhiro Morimoto Koji Kaneoka

出版者

The Society of Physical Therapy Science

雑誌

Journal of Physical Therapy Science (ISSN:09155287)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.3, pp.434-438, 2018 (Released:2018-03-02)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

7

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[Purpose] To compare the lumbar lordosis angle and electromyographic activities of the trunk and lower-limb muscles in the hip neutral position and external rotation during back squats. [Subjects and Methods] Ten healthy males without severe low back pain or lower-limb injury participated in this study. The lumbar lordosis angle and electromyographic activities were measured using three-dimensional motion-capture systems and surface electrodes during four back squats: parallel back squats in the hip neutral position and external rotation and full back squats in the hip neutral position and external rotation. A paired t-test was used to compare parallel and full back squats measurements in the hip neutral position and external rotation, respectively. [Results] During parallel back squats, the average lumbar lordosis angle was significantly larger in hip external rotation than in the hip neutral position. During full back squats, lumbar erector spinae and multifidus activities were significantly lower in hip external rotation than in the hip neutral position, whereas gluteus maximus activity was significantly higher in hip external rotation than in the hip neutral position. [Conclusion] The back squat in hip external rotation induced improvement of lumbar kyphosis, an increasing of the gluteus maximus activity and a decrease of both lumbar erector spinae and multifidus activities.