著者
Tomoyuki SATO Tomoyo OCHIISHI Sayaka HIGO-YAMAMOTO Katsutaka OISHI
出版者
Japanese Association for Laboratory Animal Science
雑誌
Experimental Animals (ISSN:13411357)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.23-0104, (Released:2023-12-14)

Disturbances in sleep-wake and circadian rhythms may reportedly precede the onset of cognitive symptoms in the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease (AD); however, the underlying mechanisms of these AD-induced sleep disturbances remain unelucidated. To specifically evaluate the involvement of amyloid β (Aβ) oligomers in AD-induced sleep disturbances, we examined circadian and sleep phenotypes using an Aβ-GFP transgenic (Aβ-GFP Tg) mouse characterized by intracellular accumulation of Aβ oligomers. The circadian rhythm and free-running period of wheel running activity were identical between Aβ-GFP Tg and littermate wild-type mice. The durations of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep were elongated in Aβ-GFP Tg mice; however, the durations of non-REM sleep and wakefulness were unaffected. The Aβ-GFP Tg mice exhibited shifts in the electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectra toward higher frequencies in the inactive light phase. These findings suggest that the intracellular accumulation of Aβ oligomers might be associated with sleep quality; however, its impact on circadian systems is limited.
著者
福林 良典 木村 亮
出版者
国際開発学会
雑誌
国際開発研究 (ISSN:13423045)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.18, no.2, pp.153-166, 2009-11-15 (Released:2020-01-29)
参考文献数
19
被引用文献数
1

In this paper, a civil engineering approach in tackling poverty in rural area of developing countries is introduced.Provision and maintenance of rural roads are instrumental in economic development, the economy of most of developing countries is agricultural and large proportions of their population live in the rural areas where accessibility and road conditions are largely poor. Roads become impassable during the rainy season preventing transportation of farm produce to markets and thus accounting for a large proportion of losses incurred by farmers who otherwise depend on agriculture.The authors, with this recognition, have carried out full scale model driving tests and field demonstrations on rural road maintenance using Do-nou “a Japanese term for soilbag” and involving rural people themselves. In this method, only locally available material is required and all procedures are conducted manually. This process is participatory, organized farmers' groups who are trained by the authors repair and maintain the road; armed with the transferred knowledge, the farmers continue to maintain their road with Do-nou even after the civil engineers are gone. It is found that the road maintenance with Do-nou is so simple and effective that the farmers who participated in the construction were encouraged, motivated and felt owners of the road. Additionally it can be said that Do-nou technology gives people the motivation to improve their life leading to poverty reduction.In order to meet goals of this newly developed technology, it is important that the technology take root in the target communities. In this study, four approaches of technology transfer in four countries have been used.An approach for poverty reduction as civil engineers has been established through focused subject of study, relevant technological development, field demonstrations and knowledge extension/transfer. By following up this approach, the community people in the third world will be able to access the marckets and services hence poverty reduction.
著者
川添 由貴 横江 千寿子 林 正祐 井上 美香 前川 博治 竺 珊 丹羽 均
出版者
一般社団法人 日本歯科麻酔学会
雑誌
日本歯科麻酔学会雑誌 (ISSN:24334480)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.48, no.4, pp.135-137, 2020-10-15 (Released:2020-10-15)
参考文献数
6

A bronchial fiberscope (BFS) is an endotracheal intubation device for obtaining a clear view of various intubation devices in difficult intubation situations. However, intubation can still be difficult even if a BFS is used, and various additional intubation aids may be required. We report a patient with cervical kyphosis in whom the insertion of a BFS into the trachea was difficult despite a clear view of the glottis.  A 24-year-old man with autism, mental retardation, and severe head anteflexion resulting from cervical kyphosis was scheduled to undergo dental treatment under general anesthesia. During tracheal intubation, the patient’s glottis could not be visualized using either a GrideScope® or a McGRATHTM because of a narrow oral cavity caused by trismus and impaired anterior sliding of the mandibles. We used a BFS and obtained a clear view of the glottis but were unable to advance the tip of the BFS to the glottis because of the large distance between the glottis and the BFS tip. We then used a Deschamps needle inserted into the oral cavity to change the direction of the intubation tube and succeeded in achieving tracheal intubation. Deschamps needles are instruments that were originally used in ophthalmic surgery. We believe that Deschamps needles could be useful instruments during intubation, especially in cases with narrow oral cavities.
著者
Selda ÖNDEROGLU Dogan AKSIT Lütfü S. ÖNDEROGLU
出版者
Editorial Board of Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica
雑誌
Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica (ISSN:0030154X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.70, no.1, pp.35-39, 1993-05-20 (Released:2012-09-24)
参考文献数
19
被引用文献数
1 2

The importance of the hymenal configuration lies in the fact that it is accepted as an important sign of the virginity in many countries and also it needs a clearcut definition for the forensic evaluation of child abuse and rape. To improve understanding of configuration of the normal hymen we studied 100 prepubertal hymens. In addition to the most commonly seen types we found the fimbriated hymen at a high rate especially in adolescents. There was another configuration the appearance of which differed on each half of the vaginal orifice; one half had a labium while the other had fimbriae. The tagged type hymen was also encountered.
著者
網代 広宣 小林 雄也 平田 昂大 板野 圭佑 佐藤 慎也 酒井 直也 仲島 佑紀
出版者
一般社団法人 日本アスレティックトレーニング学会
雑誌
日本アスレティックトレーニング学会誌 (ISSN:24326623)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.9, no.1, pp.49-55, 2023-10-31 (Released:2023-11-07)
参考文献数
18

本研究は117名の高校野球選手を対象にCOVID-19感染拡大防止措置が実施された年と前年の傷害発生率を調査し比較した.季節別では,2019年と比較し,2020年の夏季で肩・肘傷害,冬季は足・足部傷害が増加した.各季節のポジション別では,夏季の投手・内野手の肩傷害,秋季で内野手の肘傷害,冬季で外野手の足・足部傷害が増加した.今後は得られた特徴より,傷害予防を講じていく必要がある.
著者
宮下 浩二
出版者
一般社団法人 日本アスレティックトレーニング学会
雑誌
日本アスレティックトレーニング学会誌 (ISSN:24326623)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.9, no.1, pp.65-67, 2023-10-31 (Released:2023-11-07)
参考文献数
8

大学野球選手119名を対象に,身体操作に影響を及ぼす主観的要因に関するアンケート調査を行った.「実際のプレーと自分のイメージが一致するか?」の問に28%が「一致しない」と答えた.その要因としてオッズ比が一番高かったのは「身体感覚の低下」の35.56であった.次いで「瞬発力の低下」の8.05,「筋力の低下」の3.74の順であった.これは,大学生年代でも身体感覚の低下が生じており,スポーツ動作に影響を与えている可能性が示唆された.
著者
杉浦 久敏
出版者
一般社団法人 日本呼吸ケア・リハビリテーション学会
雑誌
日本呼吸ケア・リハビリテーション学会誌 (ISSN:18817319)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.28, no.1, pp.66-71, 2019-05-31 (Released:2019-06-28)
参考文献数
20
被引用文献数
2

気管支喘息は気道の慢性炎症を本態とする疾患である.喘息患者の気道では,通常,慢性の好酸球性炎症が生じており,好酸球性炎症の有無や程度を知ることが喘息の診断や管理の上で極めて重要である.近年,呼気一酸化窒素濃度(fractional exhaled nitric oxide: FeNO)の測定が保険収載され,すでに日常臨床の場でも汎用されている.本項では,FeNOの測定原理や測定の実際,正常値,測定の際に留意すべき点,喘息患者におけるFeNO高値の機序などについて概説する.また,喘息とFeNOに関するエビデンスについて国内外の報告を紹介する.さらに重症喘息におけるFeNO測定の意義についても解説する.最後に慢性閉塞性肺疾患(COPD)と喘息の合併病態であるACO(asthma COPD overlap)におけるFeNO測定の有用性についても併せて紹介する.
著者
田村 桂一 荒井 耕
出版者
一般社団法人 日本医療・病院管理学会
雑誌
日本医療・病院管理学会誌 (ISSN:1882594X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.60, no.3, pp.95-103, 2023-07-31 (Released:2023-12-15)
参考文献数
15

病院建築の知見やノウハウの蓄積の状況について,病院に対するアンケート調査及びインタビュー調査により明らかにした。アンケート調査の結果からは,病院建築を行う病院のうち8割では,病院建築に関する知見やノウハウを明文化した文書は整備されておらず,病院建築以前に知見やノウハウの蓄積が行われていないことが分かった。また,病院建築の当時の担当者が10年程度経つと,3割ほどの病院で在籍しておらず,人的にも知見の蓄積が難しいことが分かった。したがって,病院建築の際に有用な情報を得ようとするならば,外部から収集する必要があると考えられる。インタビュー調査の結果からは,外部からの情報収集手段としては,他の病院の視察,病院建築プロジェクトチームへの建築系人材や病院建築研究者の参加,建築事業者からの情報提供が一般的であった。中でも,他の病院の視察が外部からの情報収集手段として最も多く挙げられていた。
著者
大平 五郎 井川 克也
出版者
公益社団法人 日本鋳造工学会
雑誌
鋳物 (ISSN:00214396)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.28, no.6, pp.403-409, 1956-06-25 (Released:2012-11-09)
参考文献数
8
被引用文献数
5

The eutectic of cast iron forms with a spheroidal crystallization front. The pattern, the number and the size of these eutectic cells vary with the amount of primary austenite and a small amount of so-called third elements, i. e. oxygen, sulphur, manganese and calcium-silicide.   The results obtained are as follows :   i) The number of eutectic cells of pure Fe-C alloy increases with carbon content up to 4.11% C and decreases at higher carbon contents. The former eutectic cells contain flaky graphite and the latter eutctic graphite.   ii) Small amount of oxygen and sulphur decreases the number of eutectic cells of oxygen in cast iron and converts flaky graphite into eutectic.   iii) The inoculation of calcium silicide to the cast iron melts containing oxygen or sulplur increases the number of eutectic cells and converts eutectic graphite into flaky.   iv) The addition of manganese to the cast iron containing sulphur can not completely convert eutectic graphite to flaky.   v) The types of manganese sulphide vary with the ratio Mn/S from massive angular type to elongated anchor type according to the decrease of the ratio.   vi) The inoculation of calcium silicide to the cast iron containing sulphur and manganese produces the small granuler type of manganese sulphide.
著者
坂槙 航 伊計 拓真 筒井 俊春 鳥居 俊
出版者
一般社団法人日本体力医学会
雑誌
体力科学 (ISSN:0039906X)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.72, no.6, pp.381-386, 2023-12-01 (Released:2023-11-14)
参考文献数
24

The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in the growth patterns of the external oblique (EO), internal oblique (IO), and transversus abdominis (TrA) muscles in adolescence baseball players. The subjects were 17 elementary school students (ES), 56 junior high school students (JS), and 21 high school students (HS) who played baseball. The EO, IO, and TrA muscle thicknesses were imaged using an ultrasound imaging device and analyzed separately on the dominant and non-dominant sides. Curve regression estimation of the relationship between EO, IO, and TrA and chronological age was used to read inflection points. An analysis of covariance was also performed, using body weight as a covariate for comparison with each of the EO, IO, and TrA grades. The inflection point readings showed that TrA was 11.26 years old (p<0.01, R2=0.45) for the dominant side and 10.10 years old (p<0.01, R2=0.46) for the non-dominant side, earlier than the inflection points of EO and IO. Analysis of covariance showed no significant difference in EO between any of the grades. IO showed significantly higher values for muscle thickness as the grade increased, both on the dominant and non-dominant side. TrA was higher for JS among ES and JS and higher for HS among ES and HS on both the dominant and non-dominant sides. EO may growth with increasing body size, while IO is interpreted to increase with increasing age due to the movement of baseball. TrA may grow earlier than EO and IO.
著者
植田 篤史 松村 葵 相見 貴行 新熊 孝文 大木 毅 中村 康雄
出版者
一般社団法人 日本スポーツ理学療法学会
雑誌
スポーツ理学療法学 (ISSN:27584356)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.2, no.1, pp.7-15, 2024 (Released:2023-09-30)
参考文献数
35

【目的】肩甲骨の運動異常(Scapular Dyskinesis:SDK)を有する野球選手の肩屈曲運動中の肩甲骨運動を評価すること。【方法】対象は肩挙上・下制時ならびに投球時に肩関節痛のない野球選手51名とした。SDKの評価はSDKを4つのtypeに分類し(type I~IV),type Iを認めた場合は異常群,type IVの場合は正常群とした。測定は肩屈曲動作を実施し,三次元動作解析装置を用いて,肩甲骨と肩関節の角度を算出した。解析区間は,肩屈曲30°~120°位の肩甲骨の上下方回旋,内外旋,前後傾角度を算出した。【結果】異常群の挙上期30°~90°の肩甲骨の後傾は正常群に比較して,有意に小さかった(p<0.05)。また,異常群の下制期30°~60°の肩甲骨前傾は正常群に比較して,有意に大きかった(p<0.01)。【結論】SDK type Iを有する無症状の野球選手の肩屈曲動作中の肩甲骨運動の特徴として,挙上期30°~90°の肩甲骨の過小な後傾と下制期30~60°の過剰な前傾運動を呈していることが明らかとなった。