著者

今村 都

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.255-264, 2022 (Released:2022-03-26)

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In this paper, the results of the interview about Ngan with Thai migrant workers from a rural area and traditional Ngan concept in the previous study will be compared, to reveal how capitalization has changed their Ngan concept and what traditional value remains in the word. Ngan indicates work, objects of work, and rituals; the previous study explains this is because working in a rice field, obtain crops, and offer them in the ritual was always a series of events in traditional rural life. In other words, the Ngan was not just a personal activity to acquire wealth, but a system of redistribution to maintain the rural community. In order to compare with the results of the previous study, the researcher conducted a total of three weeks of observation and interviewed 21 factory workers about their life history and the meaning of Ngan in a factory in Thailand. The results of this study revealed that for contemporary migrant workers from a rural area, the context of Ngan: work, the object of work, and rituals, has become detached and more strongly indicative of wage labor, due to their geographical isolation from rural society. On the other hand, their migrant work was meant to sustain rural livelihoods through remittances to rural area and to prepare for their own rural life in the future by forming assets. Therefore, it was indicated that even today, their work is to sustain rural communities; the work is not just for individual needs. Therefore, Ngan still maintains its means “a system of redistribution to maintain rural community” though capitalization in Thailand has expanded.

著者

林 貴哉 宮原 曉

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.185-206, 2022-03-26 (Released:2022-03-26)

参考文献数

31

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This essay analyzes “The Decade of a Vietnamese Refugee Girl” written in Japanese by Tran Ngoc Lan, a Chinese Vietnamese who was accepted into a refugee by Japanese government. Lan has been using multiple languages including “Mandarin,” “Cantonese,” “Hainanese,” “Vietnamese,” and “Japanese” in her life in a complex and interrelated manner. Lan also identifies herself as a “Chinese-Vietnamese,” a “boat people,” and a “Vietnamese-born Japanese of Chinese descent”. In order to capture Lan's experience of living in a contact zone of multiple languages, this essay considers “The Decade of a Vietnamese Refugee Girl” as a minor literature. First, this essay took up four scenes: her life in Vietnam, her exile at sea after escaping from Vietnam, her junior high school life that she transferred to immediately after coming to Japan, and her participation in university entrance examinations in Japan, and analyzed how literacy of Han writing have become a sort of “passport” for Lan, who has been confronted with local spoken languages. She was born and raised in Chinatown in Saigon. Speaking Hainanese and Cantonese as first languages, she experienced exclusion from the “national” spoken language, Vietnamese, in her life in Vietnam. Before leaving Vietnam, she prepared herself to pronounce her brother's address in Japan in Japanese. This provided her with emotional support when she left Vietnam by boat. After coming to Japan, she was confronted with a new spoken language, Japanese. At the junior high school she attended after arriving in Japan, she entered the Japanese curriculum based on her literacy in kanji, the written language. However, when it came to university entrance exams in Japan, Japanese as a spoken language again prevented her from entering the university of her choice. Lan was excluded from various local voices, such as Vietnamese and Japanese, through her mobility in the contact zone of multiple languages. She was not fully accepted in either place. On the other hand, the Chinese characters in the middle of the various local voices were a source of strength for her. However, Lan's description of her homeland in her autobiography shows that local spoken languages are essential for expressing emotions. She desired to live in different local spoken languages. The use of these local spoken languages was also a source of comfort to her. She was trying to live with the local voice, relying on the Chinese characters. Through the analysis in this essay, we have suggested the possibility of a discussion on the medium that connects multiple local voices.

著者

宋 新亜

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.233-246, 2022 (Released:2022-03-26)

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This essay focuses on the contemporary Chinese language education reforms carried out by the Osaka Foreign Language School in the 1930s-40s.There were two major characteristics of contemporary Chinese language education in Japan before the world warⅡ. First, contemporary Chinese language was regarded as a practical foreign language that served in commercial and military uses, because it would not help modern cultural education (Kindai Kyouyou). Secondly, modern Chinese was taught in Kundoku method. This approach not only obscured the Chinese grammatical structure, but also made lost the possibility of understanding contemporary China. In response to the problem, the members in Osaka Foreign Language School excluded the Kundoku method in contemporary Chinese language education and employed the Chinese pronunciation to teach contemporary Chinese language. Textbooks consisted of works by modern Chinese writers such as Lu Xun to help students understand the culture of contemporary China. On the other hand, teachers were actively engaged in modern Chinese language research by translating overseas research studies. Through the interaction of teaching and researching, the contemporary Chinese language teaching method was reformed, thereby establishing the foundation for understanding contemporary China.

著者

水野 光朗

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.247-249, 2022 (Released:2022-03-26)

著者

三好 恵真子

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.4-8, 2022 (Released:2022-03-26)

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With the introduction of the “Reform and Opening-up Policy” in 1978, China has entered a new period of social transition, but the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization has increased the burden on the environment, and serious environmental pollution has spread throughout China. Although the central government has made it clear that it is aiming for a drastic solution to the environmental problems that are becoming increasingly serious, and is actively strengthening its policies, the uniform implementation of these policies has had a not insignificant impact on people's lives and has caused further problems. In particular, we would like to focus on the fact that although it has been pointed out that modern Chinese society has entered a “risk society,” it is derived from a “compressed modernity,” unlike the modernization of the West. Since contemporary China is in a situation where “government-led environmental governance” has been formed, most of the previous studies have discussed the issue from the macro-relationship of “state and society,” either from an external perspective based on international relations surrounding China, or in response to China's own system. In this special issue, therefore, we would like to focus on environmental issues in globalizing China and look at the structural challenges of governance in response to these issues from unique political, economic, and social perspectives. At the same time, we would like to pay particular attention to the life practices and activities of people living through the drastic social transition in China. We compiled this special issue in the midst of the unprecedented two-year COVID-19 pandemic, and we hope that 7 papers in this special issue will convey to our readers the importance of reexamining the issues from the perspective of people living in each region.

著者

吉成 哲平 三好 恵真子

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.113-133, 2022 (Released:2022-03-26)

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Shomei Tomatsu is a well-known photographer who captured the social changes of post-war Japan for more than half a century. In particular, since he was shocked at the wounds of atomic bomb victims of Nagasaki in the early 1960s, he had kept on saving the details of the lives and deaths of the survivors over several decades, using “group-photographs (gun-shashin) ”, which was his original photographic method. In his later years, he moved to Nagasaki and developed his perspective based on the long history of the place, roaming the streets day after day. It is through this shooting procedure that he always had a vivid sense of reality. In the previous study, the authors clarified that he gradually observed individuals in their everyday lives, who lived with the memories of the unforgettable atomic bomb by applying a new methodology, which we devised to grasp the photographer’s spiraling thoughts and emotions reflected in his practical actions. By contrast, previous research has emphasized that he photographed the horrors of atomic bombs. Especially, it is significant to note that the hardships of the survivors were identified with the persecution of Christians in the pre-modern period. The trouble is, however, that this perspective trivialized the long and convoluted history of Nagasaki since opening the port in the late 16th century, which he gradually perceived as fascinating living in the town. Therefore, the aim of this study is to describe the layered history of Nagasaki he tried to express in his life by analyzing the “group-photographs ” and other materials. Generally speaking, the historical connections between Nagasaki and other countries were represented by Dejima Dutch Trading Post and Tojin-Yashiki in the Edo period. However, before the Tokugawa shogunate started to dominate the foreign relations, the islands of Japan were melting pots of many ethnic groups coming from beyond the sea. Most importantly, Nagasaki also preserved the strong ties with other Asian countries rather than European ones. Considered in this light, his earlier works, significantly enough, focused on the influence of China as well as the history of suppression of Christians, although it was just expressed by a few photographs of historical artifacts. On the other hand, since the beginning of his new life in Nagasaki, he had captured the individuals who had inherited their ways of lives, including the traditional festivals and the commemorations of their ancestors, both of which traced back to the Edo period. Furthermore, in the late 2000s, just before the end of his life in Okinawa, he casted a gentle eye toward the lives of the street where numerous people from a diverse range of backgrounds had walked down for centuries. It is noteworthy that he realized the historical ties among Nagasaki, Okinawa and Fujian surrounding the East China Sea, based on his own past experience that he journeyed from Okinawa to the Southeast Asia. From this, it follows that the intricate history of Nagasaki was deeply connected with the hardships of Ryukyuan people which he witnessed in Okinawa around the early 1970s.

著者

張 曼青 胡 毓瑜 三好 恵真子

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.25-43, 2022 (Released:2022-03-26)

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With the rapid urbanization and mobility of farmers in China, some farmers are beginning to migrate to the cities. In addition, there is a phenomenon of so-called “outlawed” agriculture, where despite moving to the cities, they continue to cultivate public spaces such as lawns, green belts on roads, and vacant lots to grow vegetables for their own use. This study focused on the phenomenon of the “outlawed” agriculture in public spaces of in the center of the country. It was confirmed that even if some Chinese farmers left the land or their hometown, they would not leave the agriculture. This study clarified that they made an effort to continue cultivating vegetables with a traditional farming method, like actively maintaining the use of fertilizers of their acquaintances by utilizing their previous experience even if they move their living space to the city due to extrinsic factors. Farmers continue with agriculture because they reconstruct “agricultural connection” and reconfirm one's identity through the “outlawed” agriculture. This phenomenon is more likely to occur in county towns, because county towns are very close to rural area physically and psychologically.

著者

赤木 攻

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.1-2, 2022 (Released:2022-03-26)

著者

王 石諾 三好 恵真子

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.97-112, 2022 (Released:2022-03-26)

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In the late 1980s, the problem of “marriage difficulties for men” in Japan society became more and more serious. In order to solve this problem, Japan society was actively introducing “Asian brides”, from the government to the private sector. As a result, the Japanese-husband-and-foreign-wife type of intermarriages increased. But behind this positive introduction, the lives of “Asian brides” and their perspectives are often overlooked in discussions of various social issues. Despite the increasingly three-dimensional image of women in the studies of intermarriages, the discussion of the image of women in social issues - such as the Great East Japan Earthquake - only stays on the superficial side of being “vulnerable people to disaster”. In the previous studies, the emphasis were on finding the mechanism of intermarriage rather than the continuity of individual’s life. Even when the subjectivity of those women became the focus, the discussion was only held within the framework of the family. Therefore, the research questions are: is it possible that subjectivity will be exerted within a broader framework such as their living community? And if the answer is positive, how the subjectivity is reflected and how it is formed? Having this problem in mind, this paper provided with a microscopic perspective of “individual’s life”, at the intersection of the discussion of intermarriage and the Great East Japan Earthquake. Specifically, based on the life story of 2 women, who were born in the northeastern region of China and moved to Fukushima prefecture after marrying to Japanese men, this paper aimed to approach the women’s subjectivity mainly from their experience of the earthquake. As a result, by analyzing the behaviors of the two women after the disaster, the study found that women’s subjectivity was not only confined in the framework of the family, but also manifested in their living community. Furthermore, based on the women’s life story, the author analyzed the accumulation process of their subjectivity under the framework of “agency”. “Agency” shows a living strategy, different from straightforward imaginations that the women are either subject to the limitation or resist the structure, they take on the existing relationship and at the same time work towards desirable ways of life by readjusting step by step. Finally, the author argued that, although those women have surpassed the level of “vulnerable people to disaster”, the vulnerability of belonging is worthy of further discussion as a future topic.

著者

金 吉男 小林 清治

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.9-24, 2022 (Released:2022-03-26)

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Two anti-incineration movements that happened in the Peoples’ Republic of China have two different characteristics. The K city conflict is aggressive, and the G city movement is peaceful. Nonetheless, both in the two movements, recognitional justice, procedural justice, and distributional justice were broken. One dimension break leads to another and finally forms a chain of environmental injustice. Few of the former studies analyze environmental injustice from structural injustice theory, and this paper attempts to clarify the causes of environmental injustice in China from this perspective. This paper argues that the current waste policy of local governments in China is a choice made based on several objective constraints, such as the actual status of waste disposal and the policy from the central government. Incineration priority policy and incineration for 100% disposal policy have made local government consider a benefit-oriented position, building large-scale incineration complex. This position enhances local government reproducing the unfair structure between the beneficial sphere and costly sphere and finally causes an unintended chain of environmental injustice.

著者

冷 昕媛 三好 恵真子

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.45-60, 2022 (Released:2022-03-26)

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In the 1990s, the NGOs first generated in China society, especially the younger generation who was born after the Chinese economic reform (1978) also has participated in the NGOs recently. The preceding studies focus on the development of NGOs with the young generation in China with the civic society perspective, show the glittering figure of their autonomy. On the opposite, the author found the reality which is a little different from the prior studies. The results show that the participation of new environmental NGOs led by the younger generation is working to involve many citizens dealing with public issues as a place where they could utilize abilities and realized themselves. On the other hand, NGOs in previous generation of civil society, which have traditional government-dependent ideas and worship principles, are an important support when confronting governments and companies. Yet environmental NGOs which led by the young generation are difficult to reach social agreements and is not understood by society. It is placed on a lonely boundary that does not respond easily.

著者

許 俊卿 胡 毓瑜 三好 恵真子

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.61-79, 2022 (Released:2022-03-26)

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This study investigated information gathering behavior and risk perception of PM2.5 issues in China through a questionnaire survey, and aimed to discuss the relationship between them. As a result, it was found that citizens access more to damage, measures, and current status of PM2.5 issues. Regarding the relationship between information gathering behavior and risk perception, the existence of indirect effects via subjective knowledge was verified in addition to direct effects. This study also found that trust in information sources suppressed the direct effects, and evaluation of communication effects promoted the forepart of indirect effects while suppressing the latter half part. Comparing information gathering behavior with the results of the analysis regarding media coverage, there showed a discrepancy, which is the result of individual choices of information. And this study revealed citizens’ autonomy in the structure of risk perception because of above-mentioned indirect effects and moderating effects of trust in information sources and evaluation of communication effects.

著者

胡 毓瑜 三好 恵真子

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, no.1, pp.81-96, 2022 (Released:2022-03-26)

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In China, facing various serious environmental problems, various entities headed by the government have formulated and implemented various environmental countermeasures. These environmental countermeasures have played an important role in responding to environmental problems, but many new problems have also arisen with the implementation of these countermeasures. We call these problems post-environmental problems. This paper takes the introduction of comprehensive biogas utilization systems in various pig farms in Z City as an example to discuss the post-environmental problems that are occurring in China. The comprehensive biogas utilization system of the pig farms effectively solved the problem of manure treatment, but there is the problem of waste of human resources, and there is also the risk of other environmental problems due to high altitude discharge of biogas. Through an abstract analysis of the entire process of implementing environmental countermeasures to deal with environmental problems, we believe that post-environmental problems are universal, and these problems are not easy to be discovered. More importantly, we cannot ignore these post-environmental issues because of the “rationality” of environmental countermeasures.

著者

Sho KUWAJIMA

出版者

Center for Global Initiatives, Osaka University

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.87-109, 2021-03-19 (Released:2021-03-19)

著者

山内 瑞貴

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.63-86, 2021-03-19 (Released:2021-03-19)

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Abstract While Britain, Imperial Russia, and China (Qing) contended for supremacy around Tibet, the Indian tea producers and the Indian government planned to expand its sales route by increasing its production in the 1880s. However, the plan failed in Tibet even though the Tibetans already had the habit of drinking tea. This paper examines the reason why India's tea trade with Tibet at the end of the 19th century failed based on the notes written by Westerners and the like. The results show that the failure was caused not only by political factors, but also by economic and cultural factors. In addition to failure of negotiations, Indian tea producers suffered because of their lack of skills to make brick tea, which the Tibetans liked. As a result, the Tibetans did not like both the taste as well as the flavor of brick tea made from Indian tea. Moreover, the Chinese and Tibetans hoped to retain the profits that they received from tea trade in all the areas around Himalayas. In the late 19th century, Britain established an “Indian tea network” throughout the world, however, they failed to involve Tibet into the network. The failure identifies a traditional trade network in this area and brings to light their unwavering sociocultural preference.

著者

持田 洋平

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.33-61, 2021-03-19 (Released:2021-03-19)

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A distinctive feature of Singapore Chinese society from the 19th century to the first half of the 1900s was its division into five major Bang groups (social and economic communities based on their dialects and birthplaces) and loose segregation. The Chinese locals lived their social and economic lives according to the structure of the Bang groups to which they belonged, and most of them communicated only in their local dialects. The literature on the history of Singapore Chinese society has emphasized that the foundation of the Singapore Chinese Chamber of Commerce (SCCC) in 1906 significantly changed these social circumstances. The main function of the SCCC was to control the commercial and economic activities of Chinese locals; additionally, it had a social function, that is, to get several Bang groups to harmonize and cooperate and thus to gain leadership over the entire Singapore Chinese society. Several studies pointed out that the foundation of the SCCC, because of the establishment of the social function of this organization, created the new social structure of Singapore Chinese society that the SCCC can bridge the division between Bang groups and mobilize them for several social activities of the SCCC. The research questions are: How was the social function of SCCC constructed during its establishment in 1906, and what was the social and historical background to this? What were the differences and commonalities in the social circumstances of Singapore Chinese society between, before and after the foundation of the SCCC in 1906? To answer these questions, it is necessary to distinguish the main functions of the SCCC from its social function, and to only focus on the latter and analyze it in detail from the perspective of the social transformation of Singapore Chinese society during this period. This paper discusses the process of establishment of the SCCC and its social activities in its early years as an attempt to bridge the division between Bang groups. These discussions reveal the social and historical background that allowed the SCCC to perform social functions to gain leadership over the entire Singapore Chinese society. This sheds light on the process of the social transformation of the Singapore Chinese society and the importance of the SCCC in the latter half of the 1900s.

著者

秋田 茂 池田 一人 高山 正樹 宮原 曉

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.123-124, 2021-03-19 (Released:2021-03-19)

著者

大阪大学地域研究フォーラム(OUFAS)

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.111-119, 2021-03-19 (Released:2021-03-19)

著者

Kazuhiro Takeuchi

出版者

Center for Global Initiatives, Osaka University

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, pp.72-79, 2020-03-21 (Released:2020-03-21)

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When entering the center of Athens, we first see the Hellenic Parliament once served as the palace of Kings Otto and George I. Then, along Panepistimiou Street, there are many historical buildings: Numismatic Museum (housed in the mansion of Heinrich Schliemann), Archaeological Society at Athens, Bank of Greece, and ‘the Trilogy’ of neo-classical buildings including Academy of Athens, University of Athens, and National Library of Greece. Most of all, the University of Athens played a significant role in the modernization of Greece in terms of human resource development as well as symbolism in the capital landscape. Well, what kind of role is the University of Athens playing in history education in Greece of today? How is it placed in the European and global contexts? In this paper, I analyze some characteristics of history education at the University of Athens, with a particular focus on the context of archaeology in Greece. In what follows, after an overview of the university (1), I will illustrate briefly the undergraduate curriculum (2) and the additional postgraduate programs (3) at the Department of History and Archaeology in the School of Philosophy. Then, within the framework of history and archaeology education in Greece, the activities of foreign schools in Athens will be highlighted (4). Finally, I will draw attention to the current situation of archaeological research and teaching in Greece under the global financial crisis (5).

著者

赤木 攻

出版者

国立大学法人 大阪大学グローバルイニシアティブ機構

雑誌

アジア太平洋論叢 (ISSN:13466224)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.1-2, 2021-03-19 (Released:2021-03-19)