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1 0 0 0 OA マーシャルにおける組織と分配

著者: 藤井賢治
出版者: The Japanese Society for the History of Economic Thought
雑誌: 経済学史学会年報 (ISSN:04534786)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.31, no.31, pp.58-66, 1993 (Released:2010-08-05)
参考文献数: 12

The importance of Organization in Marshall's economics has gradually come to be recognized. This paper carries further this line of thought as to develop an implication for his theory of distribution.Factors of production employed within different organizations (firms or industries) can never be expected to earn the equal rates of reward in Marshall's system. Thus, the notion of ‘capital in general’ or that of ‘labor in general’ is without substance except in a special case. No normal rate of profit nor of wage is determined in a market, but is defined only in relation to the representative firm. The role of ‘free capital’ which had best be interpreted as capital outside an organization is to determine the rate of interest as a market price for using capital and to apply it to existing capital within different organizations to estimate the amount of net interest which must be paid out of whatever profits firms realized.There is no confusion between the rate of interest and the rate of profit as sometimes claimed. The real problem lies in the confusion between the money rate of interest and the real rate of interest arising from the ambiguous character of ‘free capital’.

2021-01-27 23:23:00
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1 0 0 0 OA Impact of a Rehabilitation Protocol and a Dedicated Therapist in the Intensive Care Unit on Physical Function and Activities of Daily Living

著者: Ryosuke Matsuki Noriaki Kojima Koki Watanabe Akira Hotta Yohei Kubori Keisuke Oura Tomoyuki Morisawa Hidehiko Koyama Toshihiko Ebisu Takuya Hashino
出版者: The Japanese Association of Rehabilitation Medicine
雑誌: Progress in Rehabilitation Medicine (ISSN:24321354)
巻号頁・発行日: vol.5, pp.20200027, 2020 (Released:2020-11-06)
参考文献数: 22
被引用文献数: 2

Objectives: The goal of this study was to determine the effects of an intensive care unit (ICU) rehabilitation protocol with dedicated therapists on the physical function and activities of daily living (ADL) of patients on discharge from the ICU.Methods: This retrospective study included patients who started rehabilitation during their ICU stay. Patients were divided into three groups: the Usual Care group (before the introduction of the rehabilitation protocol), the Protocol group (after the introduction of the rehabilitation protocol), and the PT + Protocol group (with a dedicated therapist in addition to the rehabilitation protocol). The standard interventions in the Protocol group and the PT + Protocol group were set according to the protocol based on the level of consciousness and strength of each individual patient. Patients’ age, APACHE II score, length of ICU stay, length of hospital stay, and the Functional Status Score for the ICU (FSS-ICU) and Medical Research Council score (MRC score) on discharge from the ICU were compared among the three groups.Results: There were no significant differences among the three groups in age and APACHE II score. The MRC and FSS-ICU scores were significantly higher in the PT + Protocol and Protocol groups than in the Usual Care group. Furthermore, the lengths of ICU stay and hospital stay were lower in the PT + Protocol group than in the Usual Care group.Conclusions: Introduction of the rehabilitation protocol improved the limb strength and ADL of patients. Moreover, the presence of dedicated therapists in addition to the protocol reduced the lengths of ICU and hospital stays.