著者

堀内 元 中島 大貴 桜井 伸二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.2, pp.575-586, 2017 (Released:2017-12-19)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

4 4

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the generation, absorption and transfer of mechanical energy during baseball batting, focusing on the lower extremities and torso. The batting motion and ground reaction forces acting on each foot of 79 amateur baseball players were recorded using a motion capture system and 2 force plates. The joint forces and joint torques were calculated using inverse dynamics. In addition, the mechanical powers as a function of each joint torque were calculated to assess the generation/absorption of mechanical energy. The mechanical powers as a function of joint forces and joint torques acting on each segment were calculated to assess the transfer of mechanical energy. The main results were as follows:  1. In the phase from contact of the stride foot to the peak lower torso rotational velocity (lower torso acceleration phase), the mechanical energy was generated and flowed into the lower torso as a function of hip joint torque.  2. In the lower torso acceleration phase, the mechanical energy flowed out from the lower torso to the upper torso as a function of torso joint torque.  3. In the phase from the peak lower torso rotational velocity to impact (swing phase), the mechanical energy was generated and flowed into the upper torso as a function of torso joint torque.  4. In the swing phase, the mechanical energy of the bat increased rapidly, and this amount of change was significantly correlated with the bat head speed at impact.  5. Though the analysis phase, the change in the mechanical energy of the torso was small.  These results suggest that both hip joints generate mechanical energy and that the torso acts as a pathway of mechanical energy during baseball batting. In addition, the transfer of mechanical energy from the torso to the upper extremities and the bat contributes to increasing the bat head speed at impact.

著者

堀内 元 中島 大貴 桜井 伸二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.2, pp.695-705, 2018-12-10 (Released:2018-12-20)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

2

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the exertion of torque and motion related to the generation of mechanical energy in both hip joints during baseball batting. The participants were 98 male amateur baseball players (body height: 172.6±5.6cm, body weight: 70.3±8.1kg, age: 19.0±1.9yr, career: 11.0±2.8yr). The batting motion was recorded using a motion capture system (10cameras, 250Hz), and the ground reaction forces acting on each foot were estimated using 2 force plates (1000Hz). Hip joint angles were expressed as Euler angle of the thigh relative to the lower torso. Hip joint torques were calculated using inverse dynamics. Other kinetic variables–e.g. hip joint torque power, mechanical work by hip joint torque–were also calculated. The main results were as follows: 1. Throughout the analysis phase, there was no significant correlation between the bat head speed at impact and the angles of both hip joints. 2. For the hip joint on the pitcher side, the generation of mechanical energy by flexion and adduction torque was large during the phase before maximum pelvis rotational velocity. 3. For the hip joint on the catcher side, the generation of mechanical energy by extension torque was large in the phase before maximum pelvis rotational velocity. These results suggest that there are no differences in the kinematics of both hip joints depending on the bat head speed at impact. In addition, it is indicated that the ability to exert flexion and adduction torques for the hip joint on the pitcher side and the extension torque for the hip joint on the catcher side during baseball batting motion contribute to the generation of mechanical energy.

著者

堀内 元 中島 大貴 桜井 伸二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.16095, (Released:2017-08-25)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

2 4

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the generation, absorption and transfer of mechanical energy during baseball batting, focusing on the lower extremities and torso. The batting motion and ground reaction forces acting on each foot of 79 amateur baseball players were recorded using a motion capture system and two force plates. The joint forces and joint torques were calculated using inverse dynamics. In addition, the mechanical powers as a function of each joint torque were calculated to assess the generation/absorption of mechanical energy. The mechanical powers as a function of joint forces and joint torques acting on each segment were calculated to assess the transfer of mechanical energy. The main results were as follows:  1. In the phase from contact of the stride foot to the peak lower torso rotational velocity (lower torso acceleration phase), the mechanical energy was generated and flowed into the lower torso as a function of hip joint torque.  2. In the lower torso acceleration phase, the mechanical energy flowed out from the lower torso to the upper torso as a function of torso joint torque.  3. In the phase from the peak lower torso rotational velocity to impact (swing phase), the mechanical energy was generated and flowed into the upper torso as a function of torso joint torque.  4. In the swing phase, the mechanical energy of the bat increased rapidly, and this amount of change was significantly correlated with the bat head speed at impact.  5. Though the analysis phase, the change in the mechanical energy of the torso was small.  These results suggest that both hip joints generate mechanical energy and that the torso acts as a pathway of mechanical energy during baseball batting. In addition, the transfer of mechanical energy from the torso to the upper extremities and the bat contributes to increasing the bat head speed at impact.

著者

堀内 元

出版者

関西大学

雑誌

若手研究

巻号頁・発行日

2019-04-01

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野球のバッティング動作では、腹斜筋の肉離れを受傷することが多い。加えて、腹斜筋の肉離れのほとんどが投手側であることから、野球のバッティング動作中に負う腹斜筋の肉離れには共通した受傷メカニズムが存在することが推察される。また、投手側腹斜筋の肉離れは、ボールを正確にインパクトできなかったときに受傷する。このことから、フォロースルー局面においてバットを減速させる際に体幹周辺筋群が伸張性収縮することによって、肉離れが生じる可能性が考えられる。本研究では、フォロースルー局面に着目して、野球のバッティング動作中に負う投手側腹斜筋における肉離れの受傷メカニズムの解明に寄与する基礎的資料の獲得を目指す。

著者

堀内 元 豊嶋 陵司 鈴木 雄貴 桜井 伸二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育・スポーツ・健康学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.2, pp.841-854, 2019-12-16 (Released:2019-12-20)

参考文献数

24

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the kinematics of the jump floater serve in volleyball to provide basic data for research. The jump floater serve motions of 9 female volleyball players (body height: 174.4±6.2 cm, body weight: 67.7±6.1 kg, age: 23.6±4.6 yr, career: 14.4±5.1 yr) were recorded using a motion capture system with 10 cameras (500 Hz). The three-dimensional coordinates of retro-reflective markers on the volleyball were also collected using a motion capture system. The primary variables examined were the hand velocity of the swing arm at impact, the velocity and angular velocity of the volleyball after impact, the joint angles of the swing arm and torso, and the segment angle of the lower torso during the jump floater serve. The main results were as follows. 1. The speed of the volleyball was about 14 m/s, and the spin of the volleyball was about 1 rps. 2. No significant correlation was found between the number of volleyball rotations around each axis and the impact parameters of the swing hand. 3. The maximal right rotation angle of the torso joint in the jump floater serve was smaller than that of the spike motion. 4. The abduction angle of the shoulder joint at ball impact in the jump floater serve was similar to that of a spike motion. 5. From the end of take back to the middle of the serve motion, the standard deviation in the abduction angle of the shoulder joint was notably large. 6. The maximal external rotation of the shoulder joint was smaller in comparison with a baseball pitch or a tennis serve. 7. The extension angle of the elbow joint at impact was smaller in comparison with the volleyball spike motion.

著者

堀内 元 中島 大貴 桜井 伸二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.18026, (Released:2018-09-07)

参考文献数

17

被引用文献数

2

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The purpose of this study was to clarify the exertion of torque and motion related to the generation of mechanical energy in both hip joints during baseball batting. The participants were 98 male amateur baseball players (body height: 172.6±5.6cm, body weight: 70.3±8.1kg, age: 19.0±1.9yr, career: 11.0±2.8yr). The batting motion was recorded using a motion capture system (10cameras, 250Hz), and the ground reaction forces acting on each foot were estimated using 2 force plates (1000Hz). Hip joint angles were expressed as Euler angle of the thigh relative to the lower torso. Hip joint torques were calculated using inverse dynamics. Other kinetic variables–e.g. hip joint torque power, mechanical work by hip joint torque–were also calculated. The main results were as follows: 1. Throughout the analysis phase, there was no significant correlation between the bat head speed at impact and the angles of both hip joints. 2. For the hip joint on the pitcher side, the generation of mechanical energy by flexion and adduction torque was large during the phase before maximum pelvis rotational velocity. 3. For the hip joint on the catcher side, the generation of mechanical energy by extension torque was large in the phase before maximum pelvis rotational velocity. These results suggest that there are no differences in the kinematics of both hip joints depending on the bat head speed at impact. In addition, it is indicated that the ability to exert flexion and adduction torques for the hip joint on the pitcher side and the extension torque for the hip joint on the catcher side during baseball batting motion contribute to the generation of mechanical energy.

著者

瀧川 寛子 堀内 元 田内 健二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

体育学研究 (ISSN:04846710)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, pp.143-152, 2020 (Released:2020-02-25)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this study was to investigate motion factors in female javelin throwers during success and failure trials from a biomechanical standpoint. Fourteen throwers who participated in the Japanese Women’s Javelin Championships Final were investigated during both success trials and failure trials and the results were compared. The success trial was set as the best record and the failure trial as the worst record. Timing points of throwing motion were set at right foot contact (R-on), left foot contact (L-on) and javelin release (REL). The main results were as follows; 1) There was no significant difference in approach velocity between the success and failure trials. 2) In the success trials, peak speeds of the right shoulder, elbow joint and javelin were higher than those in the failure trials. 3) In the success trials, the left rotation velocity of the shoulder angle was larger than that in the failure trials just after L-on. 4) In the success trials, the forward rotational velocity of the trunk was larger than that in the failure trials just after L-on. 5) In the success trials, the throwers maintained a more extended position of the left knee angle than in the failure trials between L-on and REL. These results revealed that superiority or inferiority for female javelin throwers at the same competition level was determined not by the approach velocity, but by the blocking motion of the left leg. Although the importance of this left leg blocking motion has been reported many times in previous studies of throwers with different performance levels, it has been shown here to play an important role in the success of individual performance.

著者

中川 靖夫 大久保 和明 堀内 元美 戸沢 均 小林 健二 堀江 和泉 千田 直道

出版者

社団法人照明学会

雑誌

照明学会誌 (ISSN:00192341)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.82, no.8A, pp.588-593, 1998

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An intercomparison of relative spectral responsivity measurements of illuminance meters was carried out among five companies-TOPCON, HIOKI, Minolta Co., Ltd., Yokogawa M&C Corp.and Matushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. The spectral responsivity of the illuminance meters were measured by each company's spectral responsivity measurement system calibrated to each company's standard. As a result, the measured values of f_s(f_s is error definition of relative spectral responsivity recommended by Japanese Industrial Standard JIS-C-1609)were different within 1.7. The f_s is identical with f_1' recommended by CIE.

著者

堀内 元 桜井 伸二

出版者

一般社団法人 日本体育学会

雑誌

日本体育学会大会予稿集 第68回(2017) (ISSN:24241946)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.147_1, 2017 (Released:2018-02-15)

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野球のバッティング動作では、左右の股関節が力学的エネルギーの主な発生源であることが示唆されている。そこで、本研究の目的は、股関節で発生する力学的エネルギーに関連する動作および力の発揮について検討することであった。男子アマチュア野球選手98名のバッティング動作を記録し、バットヘッドスピードと股関節角度および股関節で生成された力学的エネルギーの相関係数を算出した。その結果、いずれの時点での股関節角度においても、バットヘッドスピードとの間に有意な相関関係は認められなかった。また、捕手側の股関節では伸展トルクによる力学的エネルギーの発生がほとんどで、バットヘッドスピードと有意な相関関係が認められた。加えて、投手側の股関節では屈曲トルクおよび内転トルクによって発生した力学的エネルギーの割合が大きかった。これらのことから、野球のバッティング動作では、バットヘッドスピードの大きさによって股関節角度に差異はなく、左右の股関節の非対称な力の発揮によって力学的エネルギーが生成されていることが明らかになった。加えて、捕手側の股関節における伸展トルクの発揮能力がバットヘッドスピードに関連することが示唆された。