著者

山本 正三

出版者

日本熱帯農業学会

雑誌

熱帯農業 (ISSN:00215260)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.2, pp.114-120, 1987-06-01 (Released:2010-03-19)

参考文献数

5

著者

山本 正三

出版者

The Association of Japanese Geographers

雑誌

地理学評論 (ISSN:00167444)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.4, pp.275-289, 1957-04-01 (Released:2008-12-24)

参考文献数

9

被引用文献数

1

著者

山本 正三 田林 明

出版者

The Human Geographical Society of Japan

雑誌

人文地理 (ISSN:00187216)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.6, pp.611-637, 1975-12-28 (Released:2009-04-28)

参考文献数

38

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Part-time farmers (farming families who devote themselves to both farming and side business) have been increasing in number in recent rural regions, and a “Worker-Peasants” phenomenon (Clout, H.D., Rural Geography, pp. 43-81, Oxford, 1972) can be observed in many parts of Japan. The side business has often become important even to define or limit the farm management. In a countryside of this kind real regional characters can not be revealed by an examination of farming activities only. It is therefore necessary to make a different geographical approach to the rural area, including a study of side jobs as well as farming activities. Considering this point, the present writers pay attention in this paper, to the employment structure of farming population, a combination of economic activities in which members of farming families are engaged. Therefore, a discussion will be centered on the processes how the present rural region is being transformed (or evolved) into another by analyzing the general situation of employment of the farming families in the region.The study area, Urayamashin, is a village located on the Kurobe Alluvial Fan in the Toyama Plain of Central Japan facing the Japan Sea (Fig. 1). From 1964 to 1970, land consolidation was in progress in this area, and it could be concluded that this land improvement work has accelerated the transformation of this rural region. In this connection, a sample survey of a village where land consolidation has already been finished was done since processes of transformation can be explained relatively easily through the writers' observation during a rather short period.Around 1965, most of the farming families of Urayamashin attached importance to farming activities, which were sometimes a combination of rice and tulip farming and sometimes that of rice and dairy farming. Besides, farmers were engaged in construction work for the season free from farming either in areas near or far away from home for long (Table. 3). Even at that time, the farmers' sons rarely farmed, but commonly found employment in cities and worked as commuters. With the development of land consolidation, size of fields was enlarged, irrigation and drainage canals paths in the fields were improved (Figs. 2 and 3). Various kinds of machines began to be used for rice production. The mechanization and cooperative work of rice farming provided labour surplus, but it was devoted not to other farming activities such as dairy farming and tulip and vegetable growing, but to employment in manufacturing and tertiary activities which have been introduced into the Kurobe Alluvial Fan since about 1965 (Fig. 4). Today, not only farmers' successors but also the head of a family and his wife go out to urban and factory jobs, yet continue to work their farms in the evenings, over weekends, and during annual holidays from factory (Table 4). Worker-Peasants undoubtedly gain higher incomes than could be derived either from just farming or from industrial work. The extra income might be used to improve the family's living conditions or to purchase farming equipment.Based on this study of analyzing the employment structure of farming family, an experiential and tentative classification of rural areas of the Toyama Plain is formulated. As a result, the plain can be divided into the following five regions. In A region part-time farming, the head of a family and often other members participating in non-agricultural pursuits, is dominant throughout this region. The farmers keep their fields in expectation of higher value of land. In B region the members of farming family have just begun to commute to urban industrial jobs. Side business of farmers' wives is not so stable as those in A region. In C region farming families still regard farming activities as important.

著者

グルー [著] 上野福男監訳 山本正三 田中真吾 谷治正孝共訳

出版者

朝倉書店

巻号頁・発行日

1971

著者

尾留川 正平 山本 正三 佐々木 博 金藤 泰伸 朝野 洋一 高橋 伸夫 斎藤 功

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.5, pp.229-256, 1967-10-25 (Released:2009-11-12)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

3

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Suburbanization is very phenomenal in the western suburbs of Tokyo, nevertheless a. sizable area is still devoted to agriculture and the agricultural output is quite large. The aim of this research is to survey the ecological aspects of human occupance of the land which is well characterized by the ever intensive urban as well as agricultural use and also to analyze operational structure of farm households that has strongly led the study area to such a suburbanized occupance pattern in terms of interviews of farmers and various statistical materials.Results : 1) Sale of agricultural land is quite limited because of rise of land price, resulting in the juxtaposition of built-up areas and farmlands. 2) Agriculture in these mostly built-up areas has the following characteristics : a) to increase labor productivity rather than land productivity, b) to increase household or personal income whether by specialization on arboriculture, lawn growing, specialized vegetable growing and chicken and pig raising, or by incorporating them in agricultural management so as to improve total agricultural productivity, or from other sources than farming such as management of filling stations, driving, schools, and public baths, and also as white color, c) to hold agricultural land as assets probably for a relatively long period, since the farmers here can get stable income from rent and apartment houses they have built recently, although increment of so-called socially fallow lands is to be seen frequently, and d) to ship out vegetables and eggs to nearby markets or to sell them directly at farmsteads. 3) It is urgently needed to conserve as much farmland as possible and also even to encourage farm management to a degree that the farmers are able to compete with ever-developing urban industries, otherwise the critical shortage of green open spaces in the metropolitanized regions will be further accelerated.

著者

山本 正三 高橋 伸夫 中川 正 橋本 雄一 芳賀 博文 鹿嶋 洋 側島 康子

出版者

筑波大学地球科学系人文地理学研究グループ

雑誌

地域調査報告 (ISSN:02894491)

巻号頁・発行日

no.14, pp.1-8, 1992-03

著者

ピエール・モンベーク〔著〕 山本正三 手塚章共訳

出版者

白水社

巻号頁・発行日

1981