著者

服部 英雄

出版者

公益財団法人 史学会

雑誌

史学雑誌 (ISSN:00182478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.92, no.8, pp.1304-1331,1419-, 1983-08-20 (Released:2017-11-29)

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Among those diplomatics during Japan's medieval period, there exist several items which have been dated with an era name before the official change to that era name, it was called mirainengo 未来年号 ; and conversely, there are those items which have been dated with an era name despite the official change to a new era. In this report, the author carries out an investigation of such items from five diplomatics related to the following proprietary estates (shoen 荘園) : Kuroda-no-sho 黒田荘 owned by the temple, Todaiji 東大寺, Yamamoto-no-sho 山本荘 owned by the Matsuo Shrine 松尾神社, Kagado-no-sho 香登荘 owned by the temple, Negoroji 根来寺, estates directly managed by the temple, Eizanji 栄山寺, Kono-makuni-no-sho 神野真国荘 owned previcusly by Jingoji 神護寺, and then Koyasan 高野山. As a result of his investigation, the author has been able to make clear the fact that these items are diplomatics which have been falsified for the purpose of deceiving their recipients out of personal interest. Therefore by means of this type of historical material textual criticism, it is hoped that researchers can use obviously falsified diplomatics (gimonjo 偽文書) to ferret out those true facts of manorial history which have heretofore escapednotice by scolars.

著者

服部 英雄

出版者

公益財団法人 史学会

雑誌

史学雑誌 (ISSN:00182478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.111, no.9, pp.1470-1499,1589, 2002

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Inu-Oumono 犬追物, the sport of shooting dogs with bow and arrow, was a popular martial art during the Middle Ages in Japan. Its popularity among not only the warrior elite of the shogunate and provincial magistrates (Shugo 守護) but also ordinary samurai during the Muromachi period is attested to by the large number of place names, Inu-no-Baba (the gaming field for the sport), that still exist in Japan. today. Inu-oumono has been mainly studied as a traditional custom among the samurai class but in this paper the author discusses it as a social phenomenon, dealing in particular with the role played by groups of social infe- riors, kawara-no-mono 河原ノ者, who were diseriminated against, in staging inu-oumono events. The task given to kawara-no-mono groups was to supply on the average 200-300 (sometimes as many as a thousand) target dogs for each event, manage the dogs during the game, then dispose of the wounded animals afterwards. They became involved in the sport due to the fact that the samurai promoters could not supply such large amounts of dogs on their own at such short notice. So they turned to kawara-no-mono who worked keeping streets clean and safe, which included capturing stray dogs. During the events, kawara-no-mono were put in charge of surrounding and freezing dogs that jumped out of the roped-off target circle running wild all over the 70 × 70-meter field. Despite that fact that the bamboo sticks that they carried marked them as inferior "dog-catchers" kawara-no-mono were well-paid for 'their services : in one case 350 kan 貫 (equivalent to about 50 million yen today). This was ample recognition of the hard work required to catch and keep enough dogs for muoumono events that could attract as many as ten thousand spectators and make large profits for the samurai who held them.

著者

服部 英雄

出版者

九州大学

雑誌

東アジアと日本 : 交流と変容

巻号頁・発行日

pp.71-84, 2007-02

著者

服部 英雄

出版者

公益財団法人 史学会

雑誌

史学雑誌 (ISSN:00182478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.105, no.6, pp.531-533, 1996-06-20 (Released:2017-11-30)

著者

服部英雄著

出版者

花書院

巻号頁・発行日

2001

著者

服部 英雄

出版者

山川出版

雑誌

歴史と地理. 日本史の研究

巻号頁・発行日

no.269, pp.51-55, 2020-06

著者

服部英雄 編

出版者

弘道閣

巻号頁・発行日

vol.上編, 1918

著者

服部 英雄

出版者

九州大学大学院比較社会文化学府

雑誌

比較社会文化 (ISSN:13411659)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.121-264, 2010

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A lot of medieval castle ruins were seen in and around Noubi Plain (south of Gifu Prefecture and west of Aichi Prefecture) and Mikawa, in 1960s. In the 16th century, the warlords who lived in these castles became vassals of Oda Nobunaga and Toyotomi Hideyoshi. Forty years have elapsed since then. The land was developed and most of the castle ruins disappeared. I photographed these remains in my boyhood. The remains do not exist now,but I have many photographs and see them even now. First, I would like to introduce those pictures of castle remains,and aerial photos next. I also introduce cadastral maps, drawing map made in Edo period, and the books on cultural assets. I want to imagine the old state of those castles with those pictures and books and my heart goes out to the history, preservation and destruction of the ruins.

著者

大原 長和 松浦 長彦 服部 英雄

出版者

九州大学大学院比較社会文化学府

雑誌

比較社会文化 (ISSN:13411659)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.1-25, 2009

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I was involved in the edit of the book named "The Springtime Group, good-bye Roppon-matsu-campus"(『青春群像, さよなら六本松』) this past year. While being engaged in this work, I heard a lot of stories of old times. But articles irrelevant to the campus were not to be carried in this book. So I decided to publish two stories concerning World War II. One is by Mr. Ohara Nagakazu, who is Professor Emeritus at Kyushu University. He received a call to arms before his graduation, It is the so-called "Gakuto-Shutujinn" (学徒出陣) -many students enlisted in to go to the front. He first joined the Sasebo Kaiheidan (marine mass) and next went to the Mine Bomb School (機雷学校) (antisubmarine school, 対潜学校) and then went to the submarine school after that. He became a member of Special Attack Corps (Tokkou, 特攻) for homeland defense war (the Hondo Kessen). It was just before the end of the war. The warships of Japan, that were very few left, were not able to move because of the shortage of fuel oil. Enemies' airplanes attacked the warships one after another and all of them sank immediately. Mr.Ohara, the second lieutenant of Naval forces (少尉) , was looking at the scene through the spectacle. It was the end of the Imperial Navy. Several days later, Mr. Ohara saw the clouds caused by Atomic Bomb from the Kurahashijima island and the war ended before the sortie instruction to him. I heard this story from Professor Ohara himself for the record. The followings are cited from the introductory article of the war written by Mr. Matura Osahiko. This had already been published as a book. We have the small number of copies of this book since they were distributed only among the bereaved family. Mr. Matsura had been doing the leftist movement while he was attending the Fukuoka High School at Roppon-matsu. Even after he became a student at Tokyo Imperial University, he continued the leftist movement. He was arrested and detained, however, and being converted, he gave up the leftist movement. His grandfather tried to have him apply for military forces. But this attempt became impossible since he had been imprisoned. He was summoned to military forces several years later. He continuously joined many battles in various places throughout Asia. His main battlefields were China, Batan Peninsula and Manshu. When the artilleryman shot the cannon, his assignment was work to measure the position to the target and the distance. He was always in the dangerous front. He is a person who thinks from the weak person's standpoint. He described taking officers, noncommissioned officers, and soldier's tricky, non-human actions. We can learn ugliness and the ineptitude of the war well by reading such records.

著者

服部 英雄

出版者

九州大学

雑誌

基盤研究(C)

巻号頁・発行日

1995

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佐賀平野に残る地名を聞取調査によって網羅的に収集した。佐賀県の小字は明治の地租改正時に数字のくみあわせなどによって新規に採用した新地名である。地元ではこれと異なる俗称として様々な小地名を使っていた。こちらの方が中近世の古文書の記載に合致する歴史的な地名である。佐賀ではこうした地名をしこ名と読んでいる。今回の調査では、多数の調査員の協力により、700の村の古老を訪問し、この俗称・通称として語り伝えられてきた地名の収集を試みた。その結果佐賀平野分で15、000程の地名が収集できたし、それを地図上に落とすことによって後世に記録として残すことができたのである。これらを歴史資料として活用していくことは様々に可能となった。条里の復原には多くの坪地名が活用できる。従来の調査研究が明らかにしていた坪地名(条里制の遺称地名)と比較しても、およそ2〜3倍の坪地名が収集できたので、各群毎に詳細な復原が可能になった。条里の施工単位の微妙なずれなども明らかになった。荘園地名によっては、中世の村の景観が復原できる。つまり用作・正作といった領主直営田を示す地名によっては中世の開発・干拓の様子を知ることができる。アオ潅漑を利用している地域においては、中世文書の記述との組み合わせによって、中世には既にアオに依拠する耕地が多かったことも明らかにできた。近世の村については、たとえば木戸地名・高札(制札)地名・硝煙蔵地名をてがかりに村の景観を考えることができる。このように本研究では、地名を聞き取りによって網羅的に収集することを目的としたが、その当初の目的はかなりの程度達することができ、また歴史地図である地名地図を作成したことにより、後世への記録を残すことができた。と同時に今後のこれらの地名を利用した新しい研究の展開に道をつけることができた。

著者

フロイス 服部 英雄 曽田 菜穂美 Soda Nahomi

出版者

九州大学大学院比較社会文化学府

雑誌

比較社会文化 : 九州大学大学院比較社会文化学府紀要 (ISSN:13411659)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.31-52, 2014

著者

服部 英雄 楠瀬 慶太

出版者

国立歴史民俗博物館

雑誌

国立歴史民俗博物館研究報告 (ISSN:02867400)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.157, pp.277-297, 2010-03

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1部(航海技術と民衆知)ではまず中世の文献資料を手がかりに航海技術を考えた。はじめに宣教師アルメイダ修道士の報告(1563年11月17日付書簡)に「日本人は夜間航海しない」とあることの意味を考えてみた。これは通常、夜間には労働をしないということと同等の意味にすぎないが、船を操る人は夜を避けた。特殊には、必要があれば夜間も航海する。ただし危険を伴った。つぎに治承四年『高倉院厳島御幸記』を検討した。貴族の場合、夜間航海はしない。夜間航海は危険があった。航海技術は潮の流れを見極め、時間調整をする。しかし毎日かならず朝に船出すれば、時間的に逆潮になることもある。その場合は沿岸流(反流)や微弱流・部分流にのって、人による漕力を駆使した。『大和田重清日記』でも、夜間航行は避けられている。『言継卿記』にみる伊勢湾航海は原則として潮に乗って、短時間に横断するが、潮の速さのみでは日記に記載された時間内に到着することは不可能だったから、風力と人力を必要とした。湾内南北通行の場合は、航海が長時間に及ぶため、潮が順である時間帯内に通過することは不可能であった。逆潮の航海も強いられている。1部後半及び2部では現地で聞き取った潮流と海の地名について具体的に(1)浜・磯(2)岬(3)山(4)瀬のそれぞれについて、長崎県平戸島春日・福岡県糸島半島の事例を報告した。瀬のようにつねに海中にあって、地図にも掲載されず、文字化されない地名がある(一部は海図に記載)。そうした海の地名は操業・山見・枡網(定置網)などの漁業に必要なものばかりで、民衆知(漁業技術)と一体化している。しかしじっさいには他人には容易には教えない個人知も一部にあって、共有されないものも含まれている。

著者

服部英雄 [著]

巻号頁・発行日

1996

著者

服部 英雄

出版者

九州大学大学院比較社会文化学府

雑誌

比較社会文化 (ISSN:13411659)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.1-8, 2010

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Which route did Sassa Narimasa take? Where was Zara Pass? Study on Documents of Murakami Yoshinaga, who was a subordinate of Narimasa. I published a book,"The History of The Mountain Pass" in 2007. I made the following statement in the book. Sassa Narimasa was the lord of Toyama castle in Ecchu (Toyama prefecture). In winter of 1584 (12th of Tensho Era), he went to Hamamatsu in Enshu (Shizuoka prefecture) and Kira in Mikawa (Aichi prefecture). The purpose of this trip was to meet Tokugawa Ieyasu. The course that Sassa Narimasa took was called Zara pass, which almost everyone thinks as Zara pass over the Tateyama mountain. In my book,I introduced it was Zara pass over the Abou mountain, not over Tateyama mountain, that Sassa Narimasa took. The way through Abou (Abou Way) was called Kamakura Kaidou (Kamakura Way) in old days. Various opinions were announced after I had published the book. This study is my rebuttal to them. I tried to counter the criticism against my book. I also examined the newly-discovered historical documents that I was not able to take up in this book. The new documents are the letters which Sassa Narimasa gave to Murakami Yoshinaga in December of 1584 (12th of Tensho Era), which was almost the same period of time when Sassa Narimasa traveled around. My opinion on Abou Traffic Pass was really reinforced with the discovery of these new documents (Murakami Documents).

著者

服部 英雄

出版者

日本遺跡学会

雑誌

遺跡学研究 : 日本遺跡学会誌 (ISSN:13494031)

巻号頁・発行日

no.4, pp.143-154, 2007

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This paper covers research examining the restoration work of the Shimo-no-hashi-mon gate inside the Fukuoka-jo castle. The ground floor of Shimo-no-hashi-mon (lit. the Lower Bridge Gate) still exists. However, photos depicting the original structure of the gate do not exist. Fukuoka City is doing restoration works of Shimo-no-hashi-mon gate based on images of the Kami-no-hashi-mon gate old photos of which still remain. The most similar building to this Shimo-no-hashi-mon gate is honmaru-omote-mon gate. The window shutters of the honmaru-omote-mon gate are hung by hinges and projected from the wall when they are open. In this style of window which is similar to Bahama shutter style, the window looks consecutive with the wall, and the number of windows can be doubled that of the sliding shutter style windows needing storage place behind the wall. The upper half of the Shimo-no-hashi-mon Gate door is a lattice and has holes through which you can shoot at the enemies. The restoration plan made by Fukuoka City assumed that the part colored white in the black and white photo was a wall and decided to make sliding shutter style windows on the wall. It is argued, however, the part coloured white is the shutter which made look lighter than it should be in the photo by overexposure. The restoration plan made by Fukuoka City has failed to catch the characters and values Fukuoka castle gates. In addition, it also points out that the restoration plan has made a mistake to make the passage of the second floor not passable

著者

服部 英雄

出版者

吉川弘文館

雑誌

日本歴史 (ISSN:03869164)

巻号頁・発行日

no.698, pp.87-96, 2006-07

著者

服部 英雄

出版者

日本遺跡学会

雑誌

遺跡学研究 : 日本遺跡学会誌 (ISSN:13494031)

巻号頁・発行日

no.4, pp.54-61, 2007

著者

服部 英雄

出版者

九州大学大学院比較社会文化学府

雑誌

比較社会文化 (ISSN:13411659)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, pp.1-48, 2008

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This is a Report of Symposiac examining the Maintenance of historic site and reconstraction of the historical buildings. Hattori reported about the restoration work of the Shimo-no-hashi-mon gate inside the Fukuoka-jyo castle. Fukuoka City is doing restoration works of Shimo-no-hashi-mon gate based on the image of old photo Kami-no-hashi-mon gate.The most similar building to this Shimo-no-hashi-mon gate and Kami-no-hashi-mon is honmaru-omote-mon gate. The window shutter of the honmaru-omote-mon gate is hung by the hinge and projected from the wall when it is open. In this style of window which is similar to Bahama shutter style, the window looks consecutive with the wall, and the number of windows can be doubled that of the sliding shutter style windows needing storage place behind the wall. The upper half of the Shimo-no-hashi-mon gate is a lattice and has holes through which you can shoot at the enemies. The restoration plan made by Fukuoka City assumed that the part colored white in the black and white photo was a wall and decided to make sliding shutter style windows on the wall. It is argued, however,the part coloured white is the shutter which made look lighter than it should be in the photo by overexposure. The restoration plan made by Fukuoka City has failed to catch the characters and values Fukuoka castle gates. In addition, it also points out that the restoration plan has made a mistake to make the passage of the second floor not passable. Prof Senda Yoshihiro explained the case that the Repair of various historical ruins,Monuments,rebuilding construction did not correct,therfor People did not correctly understand the history. For instance, Yamanaka jyo castle,Hachiouji jyo castle, and an Ozu castle, etc. Next Report is the discussion, the questionnaire and historical materials,Itami-Shiryo's introduction. The number of the cannon, the gun, and arms in the Fukuoka-jyo-castle is written in the introduced historical materials.

著者

服部 英雄

出版者

九州大学大学院比較社会文化学府

雑誌

21世紀COEプログラム(人文科学)「東アジアと日本 : 交流と変容」ニューズレター

巻号頁・発行日

no.5, pp.5, 2005-03-25

著者

服部 英雄

出版者

公益財団法人 史学会

雑誌

史学雑誌 (ISSN:00182478)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.111, no.9, pp.1470-1499,1589, 2002-09-20 (Released:2017-12-01)

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Inu-Oumono 犬追物, the sport of shooting dogs with bow and arrow, was a popular martial art during the Middle Ages in Japan. Its popularity among not only the warrior elite of the shogunate and provincial magistrates (Shugo 守護) but also ordinary samurai during the Muromachi period is attested to by the large number of place names, Inu-no-Baba (the gaming field for the sport), that still exist in Japan. today. Inu-oumono has been mainly studied as a traditional custom among the samurai class but in this paper the author discusses it as a social phenomenon, dealing in particular with the role played by groups of social infe- riors, kawara-no-mono 河原ノ者, who were diseriminated against, in staging inu-oumono events. The task given to kawara-no-mono groups was to supply on the average 200-300 (sometimes as many as a thousand) target dogs for each event, manage the dogs during the game, then dispose of the wounded animals afterwards. They became involved in the sport due to the fact that the samurai promoters could not supply such large amounts of dogs on their own at such short notice. So they turned to kawara-no-mono who worked keeping streets clean and safe, which included capturing stray dogs. During the events, kawara-no-mono were put in charge of surrounding and freezing dogs that jumped out of the roped-off target circle running wild all over the 70 × 70-meter field. Despite that fact that the bamboo sticks that they carried marked them as inferior "dog-catchers" kawara-no-mono were well-paid for 'their services : in one case 350 kan 貫 (equivalent to about 50 million yen today). This was ample recognition of the hard work required to catch and keep enough dogs for muoumono events that could attract as many as ten thousand spectators and make large profits for the samurai who held them.