著者

RALPH ADOLPHS

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.1, pp.11-22, 2015 (Released:2015-06-13)

参考文献数

30

被引用文献数

1

---

The science of emotion is in a crisis: despite an enormous literature studying emotion from the perspectives of psychology and neuroscience, there is little agreement on any theory of emotion. The most acute problem is that our commonsense concept of "emotion" essentially involves conscious experience, whereas the scientific concept should not. I suggest that this state of affairs is, however, no different than in any other domain of cognitive psychology or cognitive neuroscience. Numerous examples show the need for a scientific concept of emotion. Both psychological and neurological data require such a concept in order to make sense of the data. I argue that (a) we cannot dispense with a scientific concept of "emotion"; and (b) such a concept needs to be grounded in broad data across a range of species; and (c) we need to begin formulating specific criteria for its application. In this paper I begin by outlining what the problem is, give some examples from my own research, and conclude with a framework for thinking about emotions that gives them scientific purchase.

著者

堀田 崇

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.69.1.7, (Released:2019-06-24)

参考文献数

61

被引用文献数

1

---

The field of comparative cognitive science has focused especially on mammals and some birds because of their phylogenetic closeness with humans and their larger brain compared to "lower vertebrates" such as fish. However, recent comparative analyses and conceptual models in the field of animal psychology and/or animal behavior propose that cognitive abilities have evolved in response to ecological and/or social factors. In addition, it has been shown that brain organization are largely conserved throughout the vertebrates, suggesting that lower vertebrates may have more sophisticated cognitive abilities than previously thought. Therefore, to reveal the phylogenetic distribution of cognitive abilities we should also examine lower vertebrates. In fact, ethologists have demonstrated diversity of social and ecological complexities in fish, which are good candidate for helping to reveal how cognitive abilities evolved. Therefore, I focus on fish cognition in this review. Recent studies have shown that some fish behave depending on the types of information they receive. As examples, I introduce studies about flexible decision-making and social cognitive abilities in cichlid fish in Lake Tanganyika, and cleaner wrasse. Finally, I discuss the evolution of cognitive abilities in different ecological contexts.

著者

菊水 健史

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.68.1.5, (Released:2018-04-12)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

3

---

Group living mammals have a distinct characteristic: when conspecific animals are together, they show a better recovery from experiences of distress. This phenomenon, termed 'social buffering', has been found in rodents, birds, non-human primates, and also in humans. This phenomenon is well-observed in bonded dyad; the mother-infant or pair-bonded dyads. Social contact, including allogrooming, appears to have a very positive influence on the psychological and physiological aspects of social animals, including human beings. These relationships depend on the neuroendocrine system, especially oxytocin. Oxytocin is released by affiliative social contact in dyads and can ameliorate stress and anxiety in both sides. This review overviews the classic finding of social buffering in animals and describe the recent findings of neuroendocrinological mechanisms for social buffering.

著者

菊水 健史

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.1, pp.101-110, 2012 (Released:2012-07-27)

参考文献数

36

---

Dogs have been domesticated by humans for more than 15,000 years. Now, dogs are the most closely related animals to humans in the world. Behind this evolutional process, the rare ability of dog's social cognition and to read human emotions and situations have been pointed out. The superior cognitive ability of dogs have achieved a unique niche in the human society, also nowadays its cognitive and learning ability has become a valuable research topic in the research field of animal psychology. Recent studies of human and dog suggest that these two species have been developed in the convergent evolution, on the process of domestication. So our best friend “dog” is not just domesticated animals, a “companion” who live together within human society as a unique species. This paper introduces some specific social skills of dogs and its biological properties, which have been revealed by molecular biological and cognitive science approaches in recent years.

著者

子安 ひかり 永澤 美保

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.1, pp.27-34, 2019 (Released:2019-10-02)

参考文献数

23

被引用文献数

5

---

For animals living in groups such as some primates including humans and wolves, it is important to recognize the gaze of others and change their behavior accordingly. Dogs, which have a common ancestor with wolves, gained the ability to read human's gaze even though they are different species in the process of domestication. Although cats are originally solitary animals, cats sharing their living space with humans are frequently observed in modern days. Recent study showed that cats are likely to be able to detect the human gaze directed to themselves. In this study, we examined whether cats are able to recognize the human gaze and whether to change their behavior according to it. We investigated whether cats show different behaviors depending on the direction of the human gaze. As a result, when humans looked at the cats, the time which the cats looked back at the humans was shorter, regardless of familiarity and distance with the humans and the social situation. Also, when humans look at cats when the distance between individuals is short, the eyeblink frequency of cats increases. From these facts, it was shown that cats could recognize directedgaze from humans and change their behavior accordingly.

著者

狩野 文浩 佐藤 侑太郎 山梨 裕美

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.71.1.1, (Released:2021-01-14)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

3

---

We introduce a unique art-science collaboration project organized by contemporary artists and comparative psychologists at Kyoto City Zoo in 2019. The objectives of this project were to evaluate how chimpanzees and humans respond to movies created by professional artists and to contribute to an outreach event at the zoo by demonstrating the entire research process to the public. We asked the artists to make short movies 'for chimpanzees' and presented those movies to chimpanzee and human participants while tracking the participants' eye movements using an eye-tracker. Both chimpanzees and humans looked at similar elements of movies, such as appearance of animal figures, targets of actions, and the center of abstract concentric figures. The differences between chimpanzees and humans were also pronounced; for example, human showed strong 'center bias' by keeping their gaze around the center of the screen, while chimpanzee did so to a lesser extent. This study not only offered comparative knowledge about responses to (artistic) movies in chimpanzees and humans but demonstrated how non-scientists can learn comparative psychology through an outreach project.

著者

川合 隆嗣

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.1, pp.83-93, 2011 (Released:2011-07-15)

参考文献数

44

---

Turn alternation is the tendency of an organism during a single trial to turn in the opposite direction to a previous forced turn. It has been shown that this phenomenon depends on feedback from proprioceptive cues derived from prior response. Turn alternation has been studied mainly in invertebrates. An early explanation of invertebrate turn alternation was based on Hull's concept of reactive inhibition (Hull, 1943). However, more recent studies focus on the bilaterally asymmetrical leg movements (BALM) hypothesis which emphasizes activity differences between the right and left legs (Hughes, 1985). Additionally, many studies have shown variables that can modify turn alternation. The most commonly investigated are pre- and post- forced turn distances, the number of forced turns, and the angle of a forced turn. Although there are many studies which have investigated these variables, some of the results are conflicting because these studies tested different species with varying experimental designs. Further studies which control the experimental designs are needed to gain a further understanding of the nature of turn alternation.

著者

山下 純司

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.97-104, 2010 (Released:2010-12-22)

著者

入江 尚子

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1003180059, (Released:2010-04-02)

参考文献数

36

---

Cognitive abilities of elephants had not been studied so much until recently despite many anecdotal evidence of their enormous potentialities. But today, more and more researchers are becoming interested in studying their cognition, especially their general intelligence, memory, and numerical cognition. Genetically elephants are more closely related to the small-brained aardvarks and manatees than to primates, but a few evidence indicate that their cognitive ability is comparable to that of apes. We aim to introduce series of recent work on elephants and some suggestions for future studies. Especially, we would like to point out the importance of studying their cognition from the point of view of field of human language evolution and animal welfare in captivity.

著者

高橋 奈々 瀬口 瑛子 伊澤 栄一

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.71.1.2, (Released:2021-02-05)

参考文献数

14

被引用文献数

1

---

Altruistic behaviour, such as allogrooming and allofeeding, has been suggested to be crucial for maintenance of cooperative relationship especially between non-kin individuals. Monogamous pair-bond, which is widespread in birds, is a form of cooperation for breeding between a male and a female. Many previous studies reported that altruistic behaviour within pair-bonds occurred primarily from males to females. However, most of those findings were obtained from the observations during the breeding season, and therefore it remains unknown what sex-different patterns of altruistic behaviour occur outside the breeding season for life long monogamous birds. The present observation study investigated sex differences of altruistic behaviour within pair-bonds outside the breeding context in a life-long monogamy, large-billed crows (Corvus macrorhynchous). Specifically, frequency of allopreening and allofeeding were compared between sexes and also between pair-bonds. We found that frequency of both behaviour was different between sexes, and inconsistent within and between pair-bonds. Our findings suggest that altruistic behaviour within pair-bonds may occur asymmetrically between sexes but vary between pair-bonds in large-billed crows.

著者

実森 正子

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.63, no.1, pp.7-18, 2013 (Released:2013-07-31)

参考文献数

46

---

The field of animal learning and behavior has a long history and continues to contribute in important ways to the understanding of cognitive processes in different animal species as compared to human beings. Animals have considerable flexibility to optimize their behaviors in solving particular problems as well as coping with ever-changing circumstances. Research on learning mechanisms from a comparative perspective may deepen our understanding of functional significance of cognitive behaviors of both human and nonhuman species. Examples are taken from studies of list memory, categorization, formation and expansion of equivalence relations among physically different stimuli, and visual search for category.

著者

齋藤 慈子 篠塚 一貴

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2, pp.187-197, 2009

被引用文献数

1

---

Compared with dogs (<I>Canis familiaris</I>), the social cognitive abilities of cats (<I>Felis catus</I>) have not received much research attention, probably because cats are not considered to be as social as dogs. However, cats have in fact developed sociality in conspecifics and, needless to say, cat-human relationships after their domestication. This paper initially considers the reasons behind the underestimation of cats' social abilities, and then reviews social behavior among conspecifics and in the cat-human relationship. Several studies have provided evidence that cats possess social intelligence. Since their intelligence is considered to be expressed in different context from that of dogs, methods different from those used to study dogs are therefore needed for investigating their social abilities. Appropriate experiments or devices will undoubtedly unravel the high social intelligence of cats.

著者

辻 敬一郎 井口 善生

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.67.2.1, (Released:2017-08-02)

参考文献数

10

著者

高砂 美樹

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.1, pp.19-38, 2010 (Released:2010-06-25)

参考文献数

104

---

After evaluating the history of comparative or animal psychology in Japan, a development over the past 150 years, four distinct generations of comparative psychologists can be discerned in terms of their active involvement in the field. The zero generation, spanning the second half of the 19th century, was marked by the import of Darwinian evolutionary theory, which was implemented especially through lectures by Edward S. Morse. The first generation appeared in the early 20th century, with Koreshige Masuda heralded as the foremost comparative psychologist during this time. The 1.5-generation researchers were influenced by Gestalt psychology, which had been developed in Europe. The second generation emerged after World War II with the arrival of neobehavioristic psychology. Originated in the U. S., it was studied by comparative psychologists such as C. L. Hull and B. F. Skinner, who considerably influenced Japan's post-war generation. The third generation of comparative psychologists in Japan took root in the 1980s and was characterized by studies of cognitive process. Due to space limitations, the zero and first generations are solely detailed here.

著者

佐藤 義明 友永 雅己

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.2, pp.139-146, 2010 (Released:2010-12-22)

参考文献数

2

被引用文献数

1 5

著者

昌子 浩孝 加藤 克紀

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.2, 2002-12-25

著者

瀧本 彩加 黒島 妃香 藤田 和生

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.2, 2007-12-25

著者

牛谷 智一 後藤 和宏

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.2, pp.103-109, 2008

著者

後藤 和宏 牛谷 智一

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.1, pp.77-85, 2008

著者

伊藤 秀一 八代 梓 松本 充史 木村 嘉孝

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.1, pp.1-7, 2019 (Released:2019-10-02)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

1

---

Until recently, Japanese zoological gardens have primarily been considered as entertainment facilities. However, their roles in wildlife research, education and species conservation are becoming increasingly important. It has been shown that zoo animals exhibit abnormal behaviours and stress responses, which are concerns from both research and animal welfare perspectives. Therefore, attempts have been made to introduce new exhibition or management techniques to ensure that particular behaviours are displayed and to keep the animals occupied. However, the effects of these actions on zoo animals have not been sufficiently verified. In this article, we introduced the research that our team recently conducted at a zoo and will discuss other activities that were carried out at the zoos, ending with suggestions for future research directions.