著者

STAN A. KUCZAJ II JOHN D. GORY MARK J. XITCO Jr.

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.1, pp.99-115, 2009 (Released:2009-07-28)

参考文献数

78

被引用文献数

9 22

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The nature and extent of dolphin intelligence has long intrigued humans. Unequivocal answers to the question “how intelligent are dolphins?” have proven evasive due to both the existing myriad views of intelligence and the ambiguity of much spontaneous dolphin behavior. In this paper, we focus on one aspect of intelligence, namely the ability to plan one's behavior in a meaningful way. The generalized ability to create novel and appropriate behavioral plans when confronted with new problems has obvious evolutionary advantages, but has been found in relatively few species. The studies reported in this paper demonstrate planning behaviors in bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) in conditions quite different from those that occur during dolphin foraging and mating (two areas in which wild dolphins may engage in planning). The dolphins' ability to plan their behaviors in these novel contexts provides additional evidence that generalized planning ability is not unique to humans, and demonstrate that human-like language is not required for generalized planning skills. These findings also suggest that in addition to species niche specific cognitive abilities, generalized cognitive abilities may play an important role in the evolutionary success of some species.

著者

小山 高正

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.43-44, 2003-12-25

著者

高砂 美樹

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.2, 2001-12-25

著者

伊澤 栄一

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.1, pp.55-68, 2011 (Released:2011-07-15)

参考文献数

105

被引用文献数

5 2

---

Recent behavioural studies in corvids (i.e. crows and jays) have demonstrated their sophisticated cognitive abilities such as mental-time travel, theory-of-mind-like ability, reasoning, and tool manufacture and use. These abilities are thought as a case of cognitive convergence which has been evolutionary driven by the social complexity common between corvids and primates. However, ‘complexity’ of the social life of corvids has been less understood. Here I review the social ecology of crows and jays with focusing on the social relationships and inter-individual interactions. Particular attentions are paid to affiliative relationships, including social bonds and friendships, and cooperation styles as the foundation of the conflict management which should evolutionarily work as a socio-ecological demand for cognitive-processing power of corvids.

著者

HIROKO YOSHIDA KHOSHI NORIKOSHI TAKASHI KITAHARA KOICHIRO YOSHIHARA

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.2, pp.88-99, 1992-03-25 (Released:2010-11-18)

参考文献数

31

被引用文献数

1

---

Four chimpanzee mother-infant pairs belonging to Tama Zoological Park were observed in order to see how this relationship develops. The main study run from August 1986 to December 1989. Each mother-infant pair was observed for 30 minutes once a week. All behavior patterns were recorded and analyzed.The data showed that the process of the chimpanzee infant's development of attachment resembled closely that of humans from the pre-attachment-phase to a goal-corrected-partnership (Bowlby's model 1969). Moreover, three or four-year-old chimpanzee infants seemed to have some conflict with their mother, because ambivalent behavior occurred at that time. Infants whimpered for their mother without cause for fear and soon after the mother held them, they left her and whimpered again. Such ambivalent behavior patterns towards the mother are often observed in human infants.

著者

草山 太一 池田 譲 入江 尚子 陳 香純 坪川 達也 武野 純一 酒井 麻衣

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.62.1.9, (Released:2012-07-07)

参考文献数

50

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

川島 菫 池田 譲

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.2, pp.91-99, 2019

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<p>Octopuses, a member of molluscan class, possess well-developed nervous system such as lens eyes that is anatomically similar to our own, and the relative proportion of brain to body is equivalent to vertebrates. Octopuses are also characterized with their muscular highly sensitive sensory receptors, namely, suckers on their arms. Due to these biological uniqueness, octopuses have been a target for psychological studies and were reported their advanced abilities for learning and memory, which are achieved via visual and tactile perceptions. All of these findings have come from experiments that tested single sensory perception (i.e., visual or tactile). On the other hand, it is known in vertebrates that they can integrate multiple sensory information, by which they can vividly image their environments. In this review, we will briefly introduce our knowledge for biology of octopuses with special reference to their cognition, and we will shed light on an idea for cross-modal perception in octopuses, which is based on our on-going projects for visual and tactile learning, and manipulation of arms in tropical octopuses inhabiting the coastal waters of the Ryukyu Archipelago.</p>

著者

友永 雅己 熊田 孝恒 吉川 左紀子

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.1, pp.29-44, 2002-06-25 (Released:2011-03-14)

参考文献数

47

著者

筒井 雄二

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, pp.57-70, 2003 (Released:2008-01-16)

参考文献数

45

---

This study examined the effects of administration of anticholinergic drugs and medial septum lesion on the performance of the successive delayed matching-to-sample (S-DMTS) task in rats in order to clarify the relationship between the central cholinergic system and the modality effect in rats' short-term memory. A pair of visual and/or auditory stimuli was presented with delay intervals to rats. They were required to distinguish whether the modality of the 2nd stimulus (S2) for the pair was the identical to or different from that of the 1st stimulus (S1). Scopolamine at 0.03-0.1mg/kg (i. p.) and mecamylamine at 1-3mg/kg (i. p.) disrupted the performance of S-DMTS task irrespective of the modality of S1, whereas methyl-scopolamine and hexamethonium did not. These results suggest that muscarinic and nicotinic receptors in rats' brain are correlated with short-term memory for both visual and auditory stimuli. Lesion to medial septum also disrupted the performance of S-DMTS task when the visual stimulus was presented as S1, however, the performance was not changed when the auditory stimulus was employed. These findings suggest that the medial septum is correlated with the mnemonic processes of visual but not of auditory stimuli.

著者

川島 菫 池田 譲

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

2019

---

<p>Octopuses, a member of molluscan class, posse well-developed nervous system such as lens eyes that is anatomically similar to our own, and the relative proportion of brain to body is equivalent to vertebrates. Octopuses are also characterized with their muscular highly sensitive sensory receptors, namely, suckers on their arms. Due to these biological uniqueness, octopuses have been a target for psychological studies and were reported their advanced abilities for learning and memory, which are achieved via visual and tactile perceptions. All of these findings have come from experiments that tested single sensory perception (i.e., visual or tactile). On the other hand, it is known in vertebrates that they can integrate multiple sensory information, by which they can vividly image their environments. In this review, we will briefly introduce our knowledge for biology of octopuses with special reference to their cognition, and we will shed light on an idea for cross-modal perception in octopuses, which is based on our on-going projects for visual and tactile learning, and manipulation of arms in tropical octopuses inhabiting the coastal waters of the Ryukyu Archipelago.</p>

著者

和田 真

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.69.1.2, (Released:2019-05-30)

参考文献数

44

---

A sense of body ownership is essential in controlling one's own body in external space, which in turn may give rise to a sense of self-awareness. Body ownership in humans is sometimes extended to certain external objects apart from our own bodies, and such plastic changes in body ownership are thought to be the basis of tool use. Specifically, in a rubber hand illusion task, visuotactile stimuli from synchronous brush strokes to both participants' and rubber hands lead to illusory body ownership of the rubber hand and a shift of perception of the tactile stimuli to the rubber hand as a result of multisensory integration. Recent studies suggest that this kind of body ownership illusion occurs not only in humans but also in animals, including monkeys and mice. In addition, other studies have shown that body ownership is linked to empathy. Studying the body ownership illusion in humans and other animals, including models of human psychiatric disorders, will elucidate neural mechanisms underlying the sense of body ownership, which will consequently contribute to addressing the philosophical issue of self-awareness.

著者

関口 勝夫 牛谷 智一 澤 幸祐

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.69.2.1, (Released:2019-04-15)

参考文献数

22

---

We review use of multiple landmarks in navigational behavior by humans and nonhuman animals focusing on three important aspects of spatial learning and cognition: Cognitive map, spatial integration, and configuration of multiple landmarks. Animals use multiple strategies for spatial navigation rather than a single strategy and flexibly choose an appropriate strategy in accordance with each environmental condition. Concerning the goal searching in humans, for example, whether it is based on information from multiple landmarks or from just one landmark would depend on the salience of the landmarks. Our conclusion is that it is more important what strategies or spatial information animals choose under what conditions than whether or not they have and use the strategies.

著者

伊藤 秀一 八代 梓 松本 充史 木村 嘉孝

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.69.2.2, (Released:2019-04-27)

参考文献数

27

---

Until recently, Japanese zoological gardens have primarily been considered as entertainment facilities. However, their roles in wildlife research, education and species conservation are becoming increasingly important. It has been shown that zoo animals exhibit abnormal behaviours and stress responses, which are concerns from both research and animal welfare perspectives. Therefore, attempts have been made to introduce new exhibition or management techniques to ensure that particular behaviours are displayed and to keep the animals occupied. However, the effects of these actions on zoo animals have not been sufficiently verified. In this article, we introduced the research that our team recently conducted at a zoo and will discuss other activities that were carried out at the zoos, ending with suggestions for future research directions.

著者

三浦 乃莉子 三家 詩織 武田 庄平 加藤 陵 宇田 司 柾 一成

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.2, 2007-12-25

著者

宮田 裕光 藤田 和生

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1105190072, (Released:2011-06-07)

参考文献数

73

被引用文献数

2 4

---

Planning, or an internal process of making decisions about one's future behavior, appears advantageous not only for humans but also for non-human species. In fact, recent studies have shown that many non-human primates as well as some avian species may be endowed with planning capacities. Those animals are suggested to plan in order to meet not only present but also future needs, as opposed to the Bischof-Köhler hypothesis. Testing planning in a wider variety of species using various setups would be required to uncover phylogenetic and ecological factors that may have facilitated evolution of planning. In particular, it is important to examine planning abilities by using general learning tasks instead of species-specific situations such as tool-use and food-caching. After reviewing evidence on planning by non-human animals, we introduce recent findings about planning by pigeons in operant tasks including computerized navigation and maze tasks. Planning capacities may be shared across species from wider-ranging taxa than have been assumed. Metacognition of planning would serve as one of the most important topics for the future quest.

著者

松沢 哲郎

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.1, pp.135-160, 2009 (Released:2009-07-28)

参考文献数

221

---

This paper aims to reflect the 30 years of Ai project that started in 1978. Ai project started as a sort of ape-language project. However, it was uniquely different from the previous studies in terms of the computer-interfaced system and the introduction of psychophysical measurement. The original version of Ai project may be summarized as an attempt to know the perceptual world of a nonhuman animal. It combined the psychological studies on learning and perception and utilized the language-like skill as a window through which we can access to the chimpanzee mind. This paper put the Ai project in a historical context, summed up the research results, showed the fieldwork on the wild chimpanzees, and illuminated the establishment and the perspective of a new discipline named Comparative Cognitive Science.

著者

菱村 豊

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.2, 2003-12-25

著者

鮫島 和行

出版者

THE JAPANESE SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PSYCHOLOGY

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.64, no.2, pp.51-53, 2014 (Released:2014-12-22)

参考文献数

12

著者

井深 信男

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.2, pp.109-120, 1997-12-15

被引用文献数

1 1

著者

菊水 健史

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.19-27, 2017

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<p>During domestication/evolution process of dogs, dogs have acquired human-like nonverbal communication skills, such as gaze and pointing following by humans, and gaze alternative behavior toward the owners. These skills, especially using eye gaze, are believed to promote the co-habituation of dogs in human society. Not only the communicative function of dog's eye-gaze with humans, it works as to form bonding between them. Eye-gaze from dogs to their owners increased urinary oxytocin, and the owner showed affiliative interactions with their dogs, which in turn, stimulate oxytocin release in dogs. Oxytocin is a hypothalamic neuropeptide stimulate maternal behavior as well as social interactions. Therefore, human and dogs can form a biological bonding via oxytocin positive loop in both sides. This type of positive loop was not observed in wolves, suggesting that dogs have acquired this function in their domestication process. Future behavioral genetic research will reveal the critical genes responsible for human-dog interaction, which would shed a light on the critical questions; "why", "how" and "when" dogs become a Man's best friend.</p>