著者

黒川 智子 松田 忍

出版者

昭和女子大学近代文化研究所

雑誌

学苑 = Gakuen (ISSN:13480103)

巻号頁・発行日

no.923, pp.(1)-(42), 2017-09-01

著者

吉田 昌志

出版者

昭和女子大学近代文化研究所

雑誌

学苑 (ISSN:13480103)

巻号頁・発行日

no.927, pp.114-140, 2018-01

著者

笛木 美佳

雑誌

學苑 = GAKUEN (ISSN:13480103)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.819, pp.69-84, 2009-01-01

著者

富本 靖 Tomimoto Yasushi

出版者

光葉会

雑誌

學苑 = GAKUEN (ISSN:13480103)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.872, pp.14-26, 2013-06-01

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The author reviews the history and the status quo of European and American physical education and explains that Japanese modern physical education has its origin in Herbert Spencer's Education; Intellectual, Moral, and Physical(1860). The author also discusses several problems in Japanese physical education that contradict the stated goals of the program, and explores measures teachers should take to resolve these contradictions. The problems are as follows. First, children have very few opportunities to learn the rules and histories of sports, though schools introduce a variety of sports into their curriculums. They put too much emphasis on moving the body. Second, since physical education is driven by competitive, results-oriented curriculums in which children do not have many chances to receive individualized instruction that matches each child's ability, physically less able children fall behind and give up, and therefore they are alienated from their teammates. This is not conducive to building team spirit. There have been attempts to address this by deemphasizing rankings and prizes, but this can nullify feelings of achievement. The author concludes that European and American styles of physical education which allow children more freedom to enjoy sports are more effective for nourishing children's all-round personality, and also strongly suggests that adopting "sport pedagogy," a comprehensive science born in recent years, will solve these problems.

著者

増田 勝彦

雑誌

學苑 = GAKUEN (ISSN:13480103)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.828, pp.A100-A105, 2009-10-01

著者

中村 友 太田 鈴子

出版者

昭和女子大学近代文化研究所

雑誌

学苑 = Gakuen (ISSN:13480103)

巻号頁・発行日

no.929, pp.56-125, 2018-03-01

著者

ボルジギン・フスレ

出版者

光葉会

雑誌

学苑 (ISSN:13480103)

巻号頁・発行日

no.925, pp.334-362, 2017-11

著者

中村 三春

雑誌

學苑 = GAKUEN (ISSN:13480103)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.840, pp.70-71, 2010-10-01

著者

近藤 圭一

出版者

昭和女子大学近代文化研究所

雑誌

学苑 = Gakuen (ISSN:13480103)

巻号頁・発行日

no.922, pp.36-37, 2017-08-01

著者

中村 徳子 大場 千智

出版者

昭和女子大学近代文化研究所

雑誌

学苑 = Gakuen (ISSN:13480103)

巻号頁・発行日

no.908, pp.2-8, 2016-06-01

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The authors examined the effect of interdependent group-oriented contingencies on sitting behaviors of elementary students at the beginning of the regular classes. The study was conducted in a 2nd-grade classroom of a public elementary school. Participants were 25 children(14 boys, 11 girls). The target behavior was described as follows: “I will sit down as soon as the chime rings.” The authors observed and recorded 42 sessions including the first 1-17 baseline phase, the following 18-34 intervention phase, and the final 35-42 follow-up phase. After the 17th session, the target behavior was set for all the children for sessions 18-34, and the class teacher announced that a medal sticker with a popular cartoon character would be attached to the class goal poster each time they all sat down as soon as the chime rang, and promised that when they achieved this 15 times, a fun event would be held as a reward. All through the intervention period the frequency of sitting behavior increased and the completion time was shortened. Application of interdependent group-oriented contingencies was effective in improving the sitting behavior of the children.

著者

吉田 昌志

出版者

昭和女子大学近代文化研究所

雑誌

學苑 = GAKUEN (ISSN:13480103)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.819, pp.57-68, 2009-01-01

著者

烏谷 知子

雑誌

學苑 = GAKUEN (ISSN:13480103)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.843, 2011-01-01

著者

久下 裕利 昭和女子大学文化創造学科

雑誌

學苑 = GAKUEN (ISSN:13480103)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.855, pp.83-85, 2012-01-01

著者

友野 清文 昭和女子大学総合教育センター

出版者

光葉会

雑誌

學苑 = GAKUEN (ISSN:13480103)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.883, pp.97-110, 2014-05-01

著者

吉田 昌志

出版者

昭和女子大学

雑誌

學苑 (ISSN:13480103)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.683, pp.48-58, 1997-01-01

著者

吉田 昌志

出版者

昭和女子大学近代文化研究所

雑誌

学苑 = Gakuen (ISSN:13480103)

巻号頁・発行日

no.927, pp.114-140, 2018-01-01

著者

遠藤 祐 元昭和女子大学

出版者

昭和女子大学

雑誌

學苑 = GAKUEN (ISSN:13480103)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.767, pp.2-18, 2004-09-01

著者

茅場 康雄

出版者

昭和女子大学近代文化研究所

雑誌

学苑 = Gakuen (ISSN:13480103)

巻号頁・発行日

no.925, pp.67-107, 2017-11-01

著者

大野 英士 昭和女子大学総合教育センター

雑誌

學苑 = GAKUEN (ISSN:13480103)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.799, pp.1-11, 2007-05-01

著者

佐野 武仁 内田 敦子 Takehito SANO Atsuko UCHIDA 昭和女子大学生活環境学科 昭和女子大学生活環境学科 Department of Human Environmental Science and Design Showa Women's University Department of Human Environmental Science and Design Showa Women's University

出版者

昭和女子大学近代文化研究所

雑誌

學苑 = GAKUEN (ISSN:13480103)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.813, pp.49-57, 2008-07-01

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There are various theories about the origin of glass. One is that glass beads were made during the time of the Old Kingdom in Egypt (27th-22nd century BC). Another suggests that glass was first manufactured around 18th-17th century BC. The truth is uncertain. Without a doubt, however, glass has been a notable feature of a great deal of architecture, most notably the Crystal Palace which was built on the grounds of the first World Exposition, held in Hyde Park, London, in 1851. It was an enormous building made from an iron frame work and glass. The theme of this paper is the continuing evolution of glass architecture. It discusses design, and plans which make full use of state-of-the-art technology to achieve energy conservation. Here, the term "glass architecture" refers to buildings whose outer walls and roofs are mainly or entirely made of glass. The distinguishing features of glass architecture can be described as follows: (1) In glass architecture, the aim is to bring more light into the building, and thereby create building with a healthy environment and outstanding occupant comfort, which prevents people from getting sick. This can be achieved by skillfully using natural conditions such as light and heat. (2) Transparent architecture allows people to see the sunny sky on clear days, and the cloudy sky when it is overcast. Sunshades are indispensable fixtures which enable adjustment of light and heat. (3) Glass architecture is the starting point for greenhouses, and the standard practice is to investigate greenhouses first when looking at design and functions such as ventilation or the heat/light environment. (4) If intelligent design and function are built in, then it is possible to construct glass architecture with outstanding occupant comfort, and low overhead thanks to energy conservation. (5) Since there are too many types of glass, and this makes things difficult to understand, a classification is used which combines the glass manufacturing process and sunshades.