著者

平山 大作 藤井 範久 阿江 通良 小池 関也

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム (ISSN:13487116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, pp.91-102, 2008

被引用文献数

4

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<p>本研究は, 大学野球投手を対象とし, 投球数の増加にともなうキネティクスの変化について検討することを目的とした. 実験試技は, 2台のフォースプラットフォームを埋設した簡易マウンドからストレートを投球するものであった. 被験者には, 10秒間隔で15球投げることを1イニングとし, イニング間に6分の休息をはさみながら9イニング, 計135球の投球を行わせた. 投球数とそれぞれのパラメータから単回帰分析を行い, 回帰係数の有意性について検定を行った (p<0.05). その結果, 投球数の増加にともない, ①踏込脚の股関節伸展の正仕事, 負仕事, 絶対仕事が減少する傾向がみられた. ②投球腕の肩関節内旋の正仕事が減少する傾向がみられた. ③投球腕への関節力による力学的エネルギーの流れの減少がみられた. ④投球腕の肩関節水平内転の正仕事および絶対仕事が増加する傾向がみられた. 以上のことから, 踏込脚の股関節伸展の仕事の減少は, 下肢のトレーニングの重要性を示唆するものであり, 投球腕の肩関節水平内転の仕事の増加は, "上肢動作に頼った投球動作" を示すものであると考えられる.</p>

著者

内山 孝憲 西川 龍朗 大西 祥平

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム (ISSN:13487116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.57-68, 2004 (Released:2005-04-15)

参考文献数

12

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The purpose of this study was to investigate muscle damage and reinforcement by electrical muscle stimulation (EMS).The first experiment involved two groups of athletes (Group 1 and Group 2) and one group of healthy volunteers who did not engage in daily exercises (Group 3 served as the control). The subjects’ triceps brachii muscles were stimulated electrically (EMS, subject&RSQUO;s variable tolerance: Group 1) and mechanically (concentric- and eccentric-resistance training of 60% MVC, RT: Group 2). For one of the subjects with EMS, the serum CPK levels of 3 and 4 days after the stimulation were approximately six times as high as that before the stimulation. The serum CPK levels of other subjects with EMS increased to twice or less of those before the stimulation. The serum CPK levels of subjects with RT did not change. The levels showed significant difference between subjects with EMS and RT, 2 and 5 days after the stimulation (Mann-Whitney test, p&LT;0.05).In the second experiment, the quadriceps femoris muscles were stimulated. EMS generating a force of 60% MVC was applied to each subject in Group 4 for 30 minutes every other day for a week. RT of 60% MVC was applied to each subject in Group 5. The subject did 30 trials, with 60 s resting time between every 10 trials, every other day for a week. The serum CPK levels of the subjects with EMS increased, but the increase rate varied with subjects. One of the subjects had more than six times as high serum CPK levels as that before the stimulation. Another subject had only one and half times as high serum CPK levels as that before the stimulation. There were significant changes with time after the stimulation (Friedman test, p<0.05). However, there were no significant differences between subjects with EMS and the control. For subjects with RT, the serum CPK levels increased slightly but there were no significant changes with time after the stimulation (p>0.05).In the third experiment, EMS was applied to the triceps brachii muscles of Group 1 and Group 3 for eight weeks. The non-athletes with EMS showed 30% increase of the maximum voluntary contractile force and they showed 38-54% improvement of endurance. The maximum voluntary contractile force of athletes with EMS did not change but the endurance showed 59% improvement. However the maximum voluntary contractile force of athletes without EMS decreased and the endurance did not change.In conclusion, we suggest that EMS could cause more severe muscle damage than concentric-, eccentric-resistance training. EMS reinforced the muscles of both athletes and non-athletes. Moreover, EMS showed stronger effects on non-athletes compared with the athletes.

著者

速水 則行 田中 英一 山本 創太 武内 浩樹

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム (ISSN:13487116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, pp.23-34, 2006 (Released:2017-02-15)

参考文献数

20

被引用文献数

1 1

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動作解析において, これまであまり考慮されてこなかった筋疲労の影響を検討するため, 従来の力学的な筋モデルと組み合わせて使用する筋疲労モデルを開発した. そのため, 運動単位に着目し, それらを活性状態, 疲労状態により四つの状態に分割し, その状態変化を微分方程式により表現した. さらに, 代謝特性や疲労耐性の違いから三つの運動単位タイプに分割し, 運動単位の動員様式にはサイズ原理を取り入れてモデル化した. モデルの妥当性を検討するため, 先行研究や動的条件の疲労実験結果との比較を行ったところ, 筋疲労の特徴が再現できることを確認した. また, 各運動単位タイプの動員タイミング, 疲労の進行など, タイプ毎の特性の違いを再現できることが分かった.

著者

八田 有洋 西平 賀昭 東浦 拓郎 金 勝烈

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム (ISSN:13487116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, pp.43-52, 2010

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<p>長期的な剣道鍛錬が脳─脊髄運動神経機能に及ぼす影響について, 末梢の脊髄運動神経機能については末梢運動神経伝導速度 (motor nerve conduction velocity : MCV) を用いて, 中枢の随意運動に伴う脳内処理過程については運動関連脳電位 (movement-related cortical potentials : MRCP) を用いて剣道鍛錬者と一般健康成人を対象に研究を行った. 1) 剣道鍛錬者は利き側だけでなく, 非利き側の尺骨神経伝導速度も一般健康成人より有意に速い値を示した. 2) 自発的な非利き側握力課題に先行して頭皮上より記録される運動準備電位 (Bereitschaftspotential : BP) の開始潜時は剣道鍛錬者が一般健康成人よりも有意に短い値を示した. 3) 一次運動野の皮質錐体路ニューロンの活動を反映するmotor potential (MP) 振幅は, 利き側と非利き側の握力課題において剣道鍛錬者が一般健康成人よりも有意に大きい値を示した. したがって, 脳─脊髄運動神経機能に長期的な運動トレーニングによる適応変化が生じる可能性が示唆された.</p>

著者

広川 俊二 松村 公志

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム (ISSN:13487116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, pp.153-165, 1992-05-20 (Released:2016-12-05)

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The anterior-posterior displacement of the tibia elicited by the loading of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles was determined as a function of joint angle and muscle load using the data collected from five fresh cadaver knees with a highly accurate computerized radio-graphic technique. A two-dimensional mathematical model, taking into account movements and forces of the patellofemoral and tibiofemoral joints in the sagittal plane, was described and a computer simulation was performed to verify the experimental results. The simulated and experimental results closely coincided. Both the results demonstrated that quadriceps contraction can result in an anterior displacement of the tibia in the range of 0°to 40°of flexion, and in a posterior displacement in the range of 80°to 120°of flexion. However, hamstrings contraction always causes a posterior displacement of the tibia, irrespective of knee flexion angle. Thus it was concluded that quadriceps contraction has a direct impact on ACL stress, as hamstring contraction does on PCL stress. It was further concluded, however, that the absolute magnitudes of both the cruciate ligaments were not so much influenced by the thigh muscles' contraction as they were influenced by knee flexion angle, a conclusion that throws into question the assessment of cruciate ligament stresses by anterior-posterior displacement of the tibia. Some useful parameters that serve as a function of knee flexion angle were also introduced through the simulation: contact force and slipping ratio of the patellofemoral and tibiofemoral joints, variation of the patellar ligament force, and thigh muscle length. There is a linear relationship between quadriceps muscle force and patellofemoral contact force, whereas there is little relationship between quadriceps muscle force and tibiofemoral contact force. A semilinear relationship is observed between knee flexion angle and patello-femoral contact force. The tibiofemoral contact force shows a bell-shaped pattern against knee flexion angle. Variation of the patellofemoral slipping ratio shows a complex form in which the glide and roll of the patella on the femur take place in the opposite direction for 0°to 95°of knee flexion while glide and roll take place in the same direction for more than 95°of flexion. Variation of tibiofemoral slipping ratio shows that the femur mainly glides on the same position of the tibia between 30°and 90°of knee flexion. Linear relationships do exist between knee flexion angle and, respectively, quadriceps length and hamstrings length. Patellar ligament force varies from a similar value to about 60% of the quadriceps force as the knee flexes.

著者

藤田 欣也

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム (ISSN:13487116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, pp.195-204, 1996-07-25 (Released:2016-12-05)

参考文献数

20

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The feasibility of a self-organized change of stretch reflex gain caused by the passive change of the ankle joint angle was discussed in the human soleus muscles. The amount of the maximal amplitude of Hoffman (H) reflex, normalized by the maximal direct motor (M) response, was used to evaluate the excitability of the soleus motoneuron. The H reflex amplitudes in 1) normal standing, 2) ten degree dorsiflexion, 3) ten degree plantarflexion, were measured in standing posture, and also in sitting posture with the same ankle joint angles, in ten neurologically intact subjects. The normalized H-reflex amplitude was decreased from 38 percent to 32 percent by dorsiflexion and increased to 44 percent in sitting posture. The amplitude in standing posture was also decreased 41 percent to 39 percent by dorsiflexion and increased 42 percent by plantarflexion. It was suggested that the motoneuron pool is inhibited by passive dorsiflexion and facilitated by passive plantarflexion. In 24 of the 30 inhibition by dorsiflexion was indicated in sitting posture; however, only 17 indicated the inhibition in standing posture. In 25 of the 30 facilitation by plantarflexion in sitting posture was indicated; however, only 16 indicated facilitation in standing posture. The tendency of the inhibition and facilitation was obvious in the sitting posture but not clear in the standing posture. Therefore, the change of the reflex loop gain appears to have no relation to the higher center control system such as that for postural control, and seems to be a local self-organized adaptation. Two hypotheses were proposed: 1) in feedback gain compensation, the change is for compensation of the muscle spindle sensitivity change, 2) in stiffness compensation, the change is for compensation of the nonlinearity of the joint stiffness. Measurement of the response to the mechanical perturbation is required to obtain answers for these hypotheses.

著者

加藤 一郎

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム (ISSN:13487116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.1-3, 1972-03-25 (Released:2016-12-05)

被引用文献数

2

著者

山口 仁一 玄 相昊 西野 大助 井上 貞敏 曽我 英司 高西 淳夫

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム (ISSN:13487116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, pp.261-271, 1998-11-25 (Released:2016-12-05)

参考文献数

18

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Many groups are researching a biped walking robot, although they have different objectives in mind such as applications of modern control theory, the study of mechanisms, or practical use to medical fields. The authors and others are engaged in studies of biped walking robots, with "human form" as a key word, from two points of view: one is human engineering, and the other is toward the development of anthropomorphic robots. The authors and others have obtained the following results to date. In 1984, the authors and others succeeded in achieving a dynamic biped walking of 1.3 [s/step] by the use of a hydraulic biped walking robot, WL-10 RD (Waseda Leg-No.10 Refined Dynamic). From 1986 to 1994, the authors developed hydraulic biped walking robots of the WL-12 series that compensated for lower limbs moment using an upper body and realized not only fast dynamic biped walking (0.54 [s/step] with a step length 0.3 [m]) but also walking on an unknown surface. In 1995, the authors developed an electrical powered biped walking robot WL-13, in which each leg joint is driven antagonistically via a rotary-type, nonlinear spring mechanism, and realized quasi-dynamic walking (7.68 [s/step] with a 0.1 [m] step length). In the current research concerning a biped walking robot, however, there is no developed example of a life-size biped walking robot which can perform manipulation and locomotion by dynamically coordinating arms and legs. Therefore, the authors proposed the construction of a biped humanoid robot that has a hand-arm system, a head system with visual sensors, and antagonistic driven joints using a rotary-type non-linear spring mechanism, on the basis of WL-13. We designed and built it. In addition, as the first step to realize the dynamically coordinated motion of limbs and trunk, the authors developed a control algorithm and a simulation program that generates the trunk trajectory for a stable biped walking pattern even if the trajectories of upper and lower limbs are arbitrarily set for locomotion and manipulation respectively. Using this preset walking pattern with variable muscle tension references corresponding to swing phase and stance phase, the authors performed walking experiments of dynamic walking forward and backward, dynamic dance and carrying, on a flat level surface (1.28 [s/step] with a 0.15 [m] step length). As a result, the efficiency of our walking control algorithm and robot system was proven. In this paper, the mechanism of WABIAN and its control method are introduced.

著者

赤松 幹之

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム (ISSN:13487116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, pp.59-68, 1984-04-25 (Released:2016-12-05)

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Pain sensations on the skin are generated by mechanical nociceptive stimuli. However, the question of what constitutes a mechanical nociceptive stimulus is still unclear. Therefore, in this study, mechanical factors which cause cutaneous mechanical nociception were investigated by computer simulation of an elastic model of the skin. In order to compare them with the results of the simulation, psycho-physical experiments on awake human subjects were performed. Indentation threshold which is indentation amplitude of the stimulus needle from the skin surface to the depth where the pin prick is first felt, were measured as a parameter of stimulus for various pins and cylindrical needles. The apparatus which measured indentation thresholds was composed of a touch sensor which detects the initial touch of the needle to the skin, a noncontacting type displacement measurement device which measures the amplitude of displacement of the needle, and the button by which the subject indicates the threshold of pain sensation. The results showed that sharp pins had shallower indentation thresholds and cylinders with small radii had shallower thresholds. The elastic model of the skin was based on the three-dimensional elastic theory that assumes that the skin is a homogeneous, isotropic, and semiinfinite elastic medium. The nociceptors, the receptors of pain sensation, were supposed to be distributed pseudo randomly at a certain depth in the skin. Each nociceptor was assumed to respond to a mechanical factor such as vertical strain, horizontal stress, and so on. The indentation threshold was defined as the smallest indentation amplitude of the needle on which the mechanical factor at one of nociceptors reached the predetermined threshold. The value of the threshold was determined to give a fit between the result of simulation and experimental observation for one of the needles. Setting the threshold at this value, indentation thresholds of other needles were examined by computer simulation, and a comparison with the experimental results was made. In all, twenty kinds of mechanical factors, stresses, strains, principal stresses and strains, and differentials of strains were included in the hypothesis for adequate stimulus to the nociceptor. Computer simulation showed that the vertical differential of vertical compressive strain and the vertical differential of averaged horizontal tensile strain explained the experiment most effectively. From this result these two differentials of strain are considered to be the candidates for the mechanical factor of nociception.

著者

八村 広三郎

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム (ISSN:13487116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, pp.1-12, 2014 (Released:2017-02-15)

参考文献数

16

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本稿では, 舞踊や祭などの無形文化遺産のデジタル・アーカイブに関する話題について述べる. 無形文化財は人間の身体動作が大きな要素になる. 身体動作の計測には, おもに人体の関節部分の動きや関節角度を計測するモーションキャプチャシステムが利用される. 舞踊の身体動作の計測には, 光学式モーションキャプチャシステムが広く利用されている. 一方で, 舞踊で特に重要な, 衣装などをつけた踊り手の表情などを含む 「見え」 を, 3次元情報として記録するシステムも開発されている. ここでは, これらのシステムについて紹介した後, これらを, 舞踊を中心とする無形文化財のアーカイブに利用することの意義および課題などについてふれる. さらに, モーションキャプチャにより計測した身体動作データを対象にして行うデータ解析やデータ検索の手法について述べる. 最後に, 世界遺産にも登録された大規模な祭りである, 京都祇園祭の山鉾巡行という文化遺産を対象にしたデジタル・アーカイブの試みについても紹介する.

著者

村田 宗紀 藤井 範久

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム (ISSN:13487116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, pp.155-166, 2014 (Released:2017-02-15)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1 2

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硬式テニスにおいて, サーバーは様々な回転や速度のサーブを打球することで相手に球種を予測されにくくする. これまでに球種の打ち分け技術に関するkinematics的分析から, 球種間のスウィング方向の差は上肢によるスウィング操作ではなく, 主にインパクト時の上胴の姿勢の差に起因することが報告されている. そこで, 本研究では上胴の姿勢を決定する主要因であろう下胴と下肢のkineticsについて検討することを目的とした. その結果, 右利き選手の場合, 左脚は主にヘッドスピード獲得のための力学的エネルギーを発生し, 右脚は力学的エネルギーを発生するだけでなく, 回転を打ち分けるために胴部の姿勢を調整する役割も担っていることが明らかとなった.

著者

桜井 仁 内山 明彦

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム (ISSN:13487116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, pp.208-214, 1973-12-25 (Released:2016-12-05)

著者

大照 完 小林 寛 西 雅寛 広瀬 健一 水野 昇治

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム (ISSN:13487116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, pp.192-196, 1973-12-25 (Released:2016-12-05)

著者

湯 海鵬 阿江 通良 横井 孝志 渋川 侃二

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム (ISSN:13487116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.107-118, 1990-09-10 (Released:2016-12-05)

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Twisting from a somersault is one of the most used techniques in sports with airborne components such as diving, gymnastics, and so on. The purposes of this study were to investigate the effect of arm swing on the production of aerial twist during somersault and to identify factors affecting the production of the twist. By using a model composed of three rigid bodies, the mechanism of the production of twist from a somersault was confirmed theoretically. Then, quantitative calculation was done based on the model. In the calculation a performer was assumed to swing one arm downward from the symmetrical position with both arms above the head. To validate the model, twisting somersaults of two male skilled gymnasts were filmed and analyzed with 3-dimensional cinematography (DLT method) to compare with the model. The performances were forward twist-somersaults of 1/2, 1 and 3/2 revolutions from a vaulting horse. The factors affecting the generation of twist are discussed based on the results of computer simulation and film data. The results are summarized as follows: 1) An asymmetrical arm swing could generate a twist about the longitudinal axis of the body from a somersault. This arm swing tilted the principal axes of the body away from their original positions. The axis of the angular momentum that was initially established did not change in the airborne phase, but the momentum resolved into two perpendicular components, one about the body's principal longitudinal axis and the another about the body's frontal axis (principal axis). Thus, the somersaulting motion around the frontal axis will continue even though the frontal axis is now tilted from its original position, and in addition the body will begin to twist about its longitudinal axis. 2) The direction of the twist depended upon the initial directions of the somersault and/or arm swing. 3) Large angular velocity of the somersault before the change in the posture and large swing angle of the arm were effective for the generation of twisting. The smaller the moment of inertia about body's longitudinal axis, the larger the twisting that was produced.

著者

石田 明允 今井 祥二 野城 真理

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム (ISSN:13487116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.10, pp.63-70, 1990-09-10 (Released:2016-12-05)

被引用文献数

1

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The instantaneous center of rotation (ICR) is a basic quantity for describing planar motion of rigid bodies and useful for analysis of anatomical joint motion. For example, the ratio of sliding or spinning and rolling at the articular surfaces of the joint has a direct relationship with the location of ICR. Reuleaux's method has been used to determine ICR. So far the position of segments has been measured by means of several X-ray photographs. Reuleaux's method and other methods use data at two consecutive positions. These methods are very sensitive to position error of segments, and therefore few reliable ICR data on joint motion have been reported. However, it has become possible recently to obtain sufficient position data using several electronic techniques including photo-sensitive semiconductor and magnetic sensor. Therefore it is expected that ICR error can be reduced using these data. In this paper, we propose a method of calculating ICR based on smoothing technique. That is, to determine velocity and angular velocity of a segment, we adopted numerical low-pass differentiation. Then we analyzed the error of this method and discussed the optimal sampling interval of position data. We compared this method with other methods by computer simulation, and we applied this method to temporomandibular joint motion.

著者

増田 健 龍野 友吾 竹田 敏幸 山口 峻司

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム (ISSN:13487116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, pp.79-85, 2004 (Released:2005-04-15)

参考文献数

5

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Postural control may be performed on the basis of certain reference frames. Two kinds of reference are usually adopted, one based on the support surface and the other, head-centered reference. In usual cases, these two may be flexibly and dynamically integrated. To understand such integration, we investigated the air-righting movement in rats. Because of lack of a support surface during falling, air-righting may be evoked by a control system based on the head-centered reference.Air-righting movements were evoked in male Wistar rats. In some rats the cerebellar vermis was ablated in various degrees (decerebellate animals). Righting movements and muscle activities were analyzed. Righting movements were recorded on a videocassette recorder (30 frames/sec). Video pictures were captured into a computer frame by frame. Muscle activities were recorded from axial muscles (m. longissimus thoracis) on both sides.Air-righting consisted of three kinds of movement in rats with intact brain: head and upper body rotation against the lower body, lower body rotation against the upper body, and four limbs extension in the prone posture. These movements occurred sequentially in the above-mentioned order. After the head and upper body rotations, the head almost righted in space, and the hip maximally twisted. This torsion of the hip was removed by the second movement, the lower body rotation. After the second movement, the whole body righted and the animal could take a prone posture. Then, the third movement, limb extension, occurred.In decerebellate animals, the same basic movements were induced during air-righting. However, the magnitudes of rotations were different from those of intact rats. Sometimes magnitudes of rotations were so small that air-righting movements were incomplete (undershooting). In other cases, rotations were so large that air-righting was excessive (overshooting). In extreme cases, decerebellate rats rotated their bodies more than twice during a single fall. In both undershooting and overshooting, the removal of axial torsion of the body at the hip seemed to take place; thus, the whole body in such cases inclined along the long axis after the second movement. In such cases, the third movement was not evoked. To elicit the third movement, the animal was assumed to be in the prone position.

著者

水川 真 小土井 章夫 神原 政幸 加藤 一郎

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム (ISSN:13487116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.3, pp.163-171, 1975-11-15 (Released:2016-12-05)

被引用文献数

1

著者

酒井 美園 大渕 修一 柴 喜崇 上出 直人

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム (ISSN:13487116)

巻号頁・発行日

no.17, pp.87-98, 2004-08-25

被引用文献数

2 1

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The purpose of this study was to examine postural control against perturbation during treadmill walking. In addition, we hypothesized a strategy of postural control in such a situation and suggested the effect of aging on postural control. Ten young and twenty-nine elderly subjects participated in this study. We used a separated-belt treadmill, and perturbations were produced by rapidly decelerating one side of the walking-belt for 500 ms while walking. To young subjects, two types of the perturbation were given five times each in three minutes of walking: 50% deceleration of the initial speed (moderate perturbation) and 100% deceleration of the initial speed (strong perturbation). To elderly subjects, moderate perturbations were given five times in three minutes of walking. The electromyogram responses of leg, thigh, and trunk muscles on both sides and acceleration at the pelvis were measured. We classified subjects from reaction patterns of muscles, and compared them. Four reaction patterns of muscles were observed: "ankle strategy," "mixed ankle and hip strategy," and others. Comparing the ankle strategy seen in young and elderly subjects, the response of tibialis anterior on the perturbed side after the perturbation was significantly delayed in elderly subjects. The "mixed ankle and hip strategy" observed in this study did not change with advancing trials, although the mixed strategy in standing is defined as the transitory pattern to pure ankle strategy or hip strategy when the stimulus exceeds the control limit. We therefore concluded that the mixed strategy observed in this study was different from the mixed strategy seen in standing. The pattern of muscle recruitment was immediate antero-distal muscle activities followed by postero-proximal muscle activities after perturbation. This pattern resembled whiplash. We suggest this mixed strategy be established as a new strategy. It is thought that the posture of a subject moves like striking a whip since this new strategy showed the ankle strategy followed by the hip strategy, and we considered this new strategy to be a "whiplash strategy". Also, this new strategy was seen when the body shake was large, so it is suggested that it is an important strategy for subjects who have low ability of postural control. From these results, we concluded that there is a specific postural control strategy in walking, and there are differences in postural control ability between elderly and young subjects.

著者

岡 久雄 北脇 知己 岡本 基 市橋 則明 吉田 正樹

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム (ISSN:13487116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, pp.219-230, 2012 (Released:2017-02-15)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

4

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骨格筋の収縮機能を評価するには, 生化学的検査や画像診断の他に筋電位信号がよく用いられるが, これは筋を収縮させる入力側の信号である。筋音信号は筋収縮に伴う振動, すなわち出力側の信号であるので, 両者を計測・比較することによって筋の収縮様相を正しく評価できると考えられる。筋疲労や筋力トレーニングを行ったときの変位筋音信号を測定したところ, 速筋線維の寄与率変化が示唆された。さらに変位筋音信号を簡便に測定するために, フォトリフレクタを応用した小型・軽量の変位筋音センサを開発した。本センサはエルゴメータ運動やトレッドミル歩行中でも筋音信号の測定が可能で, 単収縮波形を算出することができた。

著者

山下 忠 加藤 了三 矢田部 皓史

出版者

バイオメカニズム学会

雑誌

バイオメカニズム (ISSN:13487116)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, pp.313-320, 1973-12-25 (Released:2016-12-05)

被引用文献数

2 1