著者

大八木 規夫 井口 隆

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.94, no.6, pp.436-445, 1985-12-25 (Released:2009-11-12)

被引用文献数

6 9

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The main portion of Iwo-jima island consists of lava flows and pyroclastic rocks of trachy andesite, erupted and deposited in shallow sea, except the upper part of Suribachiyama, in 2600-2800 y.B.P. The island have been uplifting from about 800 y.B.P., followed by active faulting and change in coast lines.

著者

高場 智博 吉田 英嗣 須貝 俊彦

出版者

公益社団法人 東京地学協会

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.127, no.1, pp.73-87, 2018-02-25 (Released:2018-04-14)

参考文献数

54

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This study classifies composite small-scale fans along the eastern foot of Mt. Ikeda into five categories, and estimates their formation ages to discuss factors controlling fan development. Besides, it describes microtopography of fan surfaces and surface geology (sedimentary units), focusing on one of the typical terraced small-scale fans to discuss small-fan forming processes. Methods are interpretation of aerial photographs for terraces division, field observations with microtopography measurements, and radiocarbon dating for overlying sediments of terrace deposits. The results show that the five terrace surfaces are mainly formed by a few debris flow deposits, and the estimated formation ages obtained with radiocarbon dating fall into the general classification of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) and the early Holocene. However, the difference between each formation periods is 1,000-3,000 years because estimated formation ages are about 20,000 years (I surface) and about 17,000 years ago (I surface) in the LGM, about 9,000 years (III surface), and about 8,000 years ago (IV surface) in the early Holocene. Geomorphic development of the study area might be difficult to explain using a simple formation model of river terraces with time scales of 104-105 years, expressed by dynamic river fluctuations under the full influence of global climatic changes. This speculation is highly suggestive for further investigations on the timing of debris flow sedimentations forming alluvial fans in this area.

著者

山野 明男

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.112, no.1, pp.114-130, 2003-02-25 (Released:2009-11-12)

参考文献数

23

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This research examines the development process of farming conditions of settlers in Hachirogata reclaimed land. The settlers numbered 589 in all. A total of 551 farm at present and 38 have abandoned farming.The development process of agriculture on Hachirogata reclaimed land can be divided into 3 periods : the first period -commencement of farming, the second-change in farming, and the third -settlement of farming. The development process of agriculture on Hachirogata reclaimed land (Ogata village) is shown in Fig. 7.I analyze why the 551 settlers separated into two farming groups. The results are as follows. 1) One group, 249 mainly from Akita prefecture, controls the production of rice. 2) The native places of the settlers play an important part in their division into two groups. 3) The settlers brought their native village culture into their settlement of reclaimed lands.

著者

諏訪 彰

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.89, no.4, pp.247-255, 1980-08-25 (Released:2010-10-13)

著者

藤森 孝俊 蒔苗 耕司 山口 勝 川口 隆 太田 陽子

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.99, no.2, pp.166-181, 1990-04-25 (Released:2009-11-12)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

1

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The 1872 Hamada earthquake (M=7.1±0.2) is one of the major historical earthquakes which accompanied a coseismic uplift and subsidence in the coastal area. This paper intends to examine an implication of the Hamada earthquake for geomorphological development of the Hamada area, based on the investigation of marine terraces, emerged sea level indicators such as sea caves, benches, fossil beds and beach deposits, and fault topography.Two steps of Pleistocene marine terraces are found in the coastal area. Terrace I, c. 40-60 m high, is underlain by weathered beach gravel covered by dune sand which is interbedded by at least four horizons of paleosol. It is considered, that a major interglacial period resulting in strong weathering of Terrace I deposits occurred after the formation of this terrace. Thus, Terrace I can be correlated to the penultimate interglacial, and Terrace II, c. 15-25 m high, underlain by rather fresh gravel bed, to the last interglacial. Accepting this correlation, the uplift rate of the study area must be small, c. 0.1-0.2 m/ka, and is no significant difference in the uplift rate over the study area. Height of emerged sea level indicators associated with the Hamada earthquake is 0.9-1.7 m above the present mean sea level. At least one sea level indicator higher than the emerged sea level at the time of the 1872 Hamada earthquake was found at several locations through the study area including the coast where coseismic subsidence occurred in 1872. Northeast-southwest trending lineaments predominate in the study area and a fault exposure is observed on one of the lineaments suggesting that they are fault origin. Areas of coseismic uplift and subsidence can be seens by turns along these faults.Characteristics of the 1872 Hamada earthquake are summarised as follows, based on the above mentioned geomorphological observation : 1) Coseismic deformation as associated with the Hamada earthquake has not accumulated through the late Quaternary, and this earthquake must be a very rare event with coastal deformation during the Holocene. 2) Distribution pattern of coseismic deformation, that is, the occurrence of small blocks with coseismic uplift and subsidence by turns can be interpreted as an effect of strike-slip movement on the faults.

著者

竹中 克行

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.121, no.4, pp.650-663, 2012

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Since its beginnings, geography in Spain has followed a particular development course, defined mainly by a close and ever evolving relationship between academic geography and professional geography. Over the last few decades, the two geographies have been mutually involved, creating a situation in which the professional practice of geography, originating with cartographers and engineers in the late nineteenth century, has become an increasingly important factor for the renewal of academic research, mostly undertaken in universities. Innovation was possible, on the one hand, thanks to the consolidation of academic geography, which today concerns not only traditional areas of knowledge, but also fields where there is growing social demand, such as environment, landscape management, regional planning, urbanism or risk analysis. All these themes, on the other hand, have opened up new professional opportunities for geography graduates, who have been contributing with their practice in administration and private enterprises to make more people aware of the importance of geography as a useful science.<br> The fruitful relationship between the two geographies briefly described above is the main concern of this article, which introduces a mixed approach of science historiography and radiography. After analyzing the evolution of academic geography through doctoral theses and major journals specialized in geography, the author highlights the role of professional geography, focusing on how geographers are entering in new fields of the labor market and are defending their interests as a professional group. The analysis is complemented by reference to successive new plans of studies launched in university geographical education, an important reform accelerated by the so-called Bologna process. The article concludes by pointing out some of the research lines that have great potential for future development with international repercussions.

著者

庄子 仁 Young K. JIN Anatoly OBZHIROV Alexander SALOMATIN Boris BARANOV Vyacheslav GLADYSH 八久保 晶弘 南 尚嗣 山下 聡 高橋 信夫

出版者

公益社団法人 東京地学協会

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.118, no.1, pp.175-193, 2009-02-25 (Released:2010-04-05)

参考文献数

35

被引用文献数

10 10

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Methane hydrates exist beneath the sea bottom near cold seeps NE off the Sakhalin in the Sea of Okhotsk. Multidisciplinary field operations were performed at a study area (approximately 16 × 20 km2) to investigate seepage characteristics and understand gas hydrate formation mechanisms. A continuous profiling survey was conducted to obtain a distribution map of seepage structures on the floor by using a deep-tow, side-scan-sonar equipment. The distribution map reveals that the dense area of seepage structures coincides with a sea-floor area of deformed sediments caused possibly by repeated sediment slumping and debris flows in the past. We speculate that this deformation may have created shallow faults that are suitable to conduits for the migration and discharge of gas and fluid. Three seepage structures were selected to study about their fluid-seep conditions around the sea floor level. Hieroglyph seepage structure is located at the northern end of the dense area of the structures. Kitami and Chaos structures are located about 2 and 7 km respectively apart from the Hieroglyph structure within the dense area. Large plumes on echograms and higher methane contents in the water column confirm gas seepage activities at the three structures. There observed at least two and four plumes at the Hieroglyph and Chaos structures, respectively. Each gas chimney image in seismic reflection profiles was traced to connect each BSR and seepage structure. Both pull-up and disturbed structures of BSR around the gas chimney images were interpreted as to be indications of significant heat flows caused by ascending fluid at both Kitami and Chaos structures. On the other hand, almost no pull-up/disturbance of BSR was observed at the Hieroglyph structure, suggesting little water seepage. The seep activity may vary with time off the Sakhalin. The Hieroglyph structure is located at the edge of a dense area of the seepage structures. It might serve as an indicator for the long-term activity of the fluid seepage system off the Sakhalin.

著者

佐藤 暢 谷口 英嗣 高橋 直樹 Mia Mohammad MOHIUDDIN 平野 直人 小川 勇二郎

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.108, no.3, pp.203-215, 1999-06-25 (Released:2010-10-13)

参考文献数

65

被引用文献数

5 10

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Geological, petrological, and biostratigraphical studies of Mineoka ophiolite and related rocks, Hayama and Mineoka Belts, central Japan, were reviewed, and the origin of ophiolite is summarized as follows. 1) Pelagic to hemipelagic sedimentary rocks occur from late Paleocene to middle Miocene. 2) Basaltic rocks in the Hayama Belt are mostly alkali basalts of hotspot origin, whereas those in the Mineoka Belt are mostly tholeiite of mid-ocean ridge origin. 3) Chemical compositions of gabbros and diorites indicate island arc origin. 4) Peridotites are residues after a medium degree of partial melting. These facts arenot consistent with previous ideas that the ophiolite is island arc or back arc originonly. “It is concluded that ophiolite is part of the Mineoka plate” in the Pacific Ocean side, not in the Philippine Sea as previously proposed. Reconstruction of plate motions of the Mineoka plate is proposed, as it was formed at mid-ocean ridge, was subducted by the Pacific plate, and obducted to the Honshu arc during Miocene age after the eastward motion of the triple junction.

出版者

公益社団法人 東京地学協会

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.14, no.10, pp.712b-712b, 1902-10-15 (Released:2010-12-22)

著者

山口 岳志

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.1, pp.34-44, 1965-02-25 (Released:2009-11-12)

参考文献数

40

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It is a common knowledge that the geography of mineral production has attracted small number of geographers comparing with other fields of economic geography. Even though there have been several articles dealing with mineral production, most of them have been concerned with either the distribution pattern of mining activities, or the commodity or commodity-in-area approach.It is, however, expected that the analysis of more dynamic characters of mineral production, which are also covered by the field of mineral economics, would bring more fundamental basis to develop this field of geography. Two factors, localized occurrence and exhaustibility, are the most important characteristics of mineral production and these must be considered as basic to the study of the geography of mineral production. In other words, the former sets the distribution pattern of mineral production, and the latter and its derivatives differentiate the pattern. The problems which stem from these two factors distinguish the mineral industries from other industrial activities.It is the purpose of the geography of mineral production to evaluate the extent and nature of the factors, to analyze the regional characteristics and to describe the areal associations brought by mining activities. In addition, some consideration should be given to the phases which the factors have brought drastic interruption in the sequent occupance of a mining region.The geographers of mineral production should pay more attention to the importance of the dynamic characters of mineral production and their associated problems and try to consider the trends of mining activities on the basis of analysis of geographical research. The rise and fall of mineral production have a close relationship with socio-economic problems of mining regions, so that the analysis of the factors appraise more fundamental understanding of the ever-increasing importance of minerals in our economy.The writer owes a debt of thanks to Dr. Shinzo Kiuchi and Dr. Osamu Nishikawa of the Department of Human Geography, University of Tokyo, for their stimulating criticisms and constructive advices. He is also deeply grateful to Dr. E. Willard Miller of the Department of Geography and Dr. John J. Schanz, Jr. of the Department of Mineral Economics for their patient guidances and kind suggestions while he was studying at the Pennsylvania State University.

著者

山口 岳志

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.1, pp.34-44, 1965

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It is a common knowledge that the geography of mineral production has attracted small number of geographers comparing with other fields of economic geography. Even though there have been several articles dealing with mineral production, most of them have been concerned with either the distribution pattern of mining activities, or the commodity or commodity-in-area approach.<BR>It is, however, expected that the analysis of more dynamic characters of mineral production, which are also covered by the field of mineral economics, would bring more fundamental basis to develop this field of geography. Two factors, localized occurrence and exhaustibility, are the most important characteristics of mineral production and these must be considered as basic to the study of the geography of mineral production. In other words, the former sets the distribution pattern of mineral production, and the latter and its derivatives differentiate the pattern. The problems which stem from these two factors distinguish the mineral industries from other industrial activities.<BR>It is the purpose of the geography of mineral production to evaluate the extent and nature of the factors, to analyze the regional characteristics and to describe the areal associations brought by mining activities. In addition, some consideration should be given to the phases which the factors have brought drastic interruption in the sequent occupance of a mining region.<BR>The geographers of mineral production should pay more attention to the importance of the dynamic characters of mineral production and their associated problems and try to consider the trends of mining activities on the basis of analysis of geographical research. The rise and fall of mineral production have a close relationship with socio-economic problems of mining regions, so that the analysis of the factors appraise more fundamental understanding of the ever-increasing importance of minerals in our economy.<BR>The writer owes a debt of thanks to Dr. Shinzo Kiuchi and Dr. Osamu Nishikawa of the Department of Human Geography, University of Tokyo, for their stimulating criticisms and constructive advices. He is also deeply grateful to Dr. E. Willard Miller of the Department of Geography and Dr. John J. Schanz, Jr. of the Department of Mineral Economics for their patient guidances and kind suggestions while he was studying at the Pennsylvania State University.

著者

田中 和広 宮田 雄一郎 中田 英二 千木良 雅弘 中屋 志津雄 石原 朋和 新谷 俊一

出版者

公益社団法人 東京地学協会

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.118, no.3, pp.xi-xiii, 2009-06-25 (Released:2010-03-26)

被引用文献数

1

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.10, pp.721-722, 1909

著者

新妻 信明

出版者

公益社団法人 東京地学協会

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.122, no.2, pp.233-249, 2013-04-25 (Released:2013-05-31)

参考文献数

27

被引用文献数

3 4

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Continental scientific drilling projects were promoted actively around the world in the latter part of the 20th century. The super deep drilling projects developed drilling technologies, and highlighted a lack of understanding of the Earth's interior. The International Continental Scientific Drilling Program was initiated to promote continental scientific drilling projects globally and international cooperation. Geology needs to be taken into consideration more and technology for preventing bore-hole break-outs needs to be developed in continental drilling projects. More work is required to take a fresh look at the Earth based on the facts obtained from the surface. Continental scientific drilling is a potentially important tool for undertaking this study of the Earth in areas such as the subsiding atoll concept and ocean floor spreading. Because accretion and arc magmatism accompanying subduction of the ocean floor are important in the formation of continental crust, continental scientific drill projects on the Japanese Islands will play an important role in geology and human society.

著者

ホール ロバート・ビー

出版者

公益社団法人 東京地学協会

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.3, pp.97-100, 1949-03-31 (Released:2009-11-12)

著者

水谷 伸治郎

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.108, no.5, pp.638-638, 1999

著者

砂川 一郎

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.96, no.7, pp.518-525, 1988-01-25 (Released:2009-11-12)

参考文献数

9

著者

上治 寅次郎

出版者

公益社団法人 東京地学協会

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.10, pp.481-497, 1937-10-15 (Released:2010-10-13)

参考文献数

8

被引用文献数

2 2

著者

桜井 兼市

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.100, no.2, pp.234-239, 1991-04-25 (Released:2009-11-12)

参考文献数

11

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Some solid particle in a snow crystal is active as ice nuclei on which snow are generated in the atmosphere. From the analysis of center nuclei in the snow crystal by use of the electron microscope, it was found that they consist of the soil particles such as kaolinite, montmorillonite and so on. Moreover, the origin of these particles was the arid area of the North China. Nucleating ability of the particle was investigated by the count of ice crystals formed in a cold box at given temperature. Number of ice crystal formed per Er particles collected on a filter paper was 0.3 at-150 °C and 4 at-20 °C.

出版者

Tokyo Geographical Society

雑誌

地学雑誌 (ISSN:0022135X)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.9, pp.631-633, 1906