著者

中谷 伸 佐藤 元泰 田中 基彦 行本 正雄

出版者

一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会

雑誌

日本エネルギー学会誌 (ISSN:09168753)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.101, no.6, pp.108-113, 2022-06-20 (Released:2022-06-30)

参考文献数

9

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高強度のマイクロ波照射下でハイドレート構造を分解するための予備実験を行った。純水とメタンを成分とする,液体窒素温度(-196℃)のメタンハイドレート(MH)に対し500 Wのマイクロ波を10秒間照射したところ,質量低下を示した。 これはMHが分解され,メタンが開放されたことによる質量低下である。MHを熱分解するには-76℃まで昇温させる必要があるが,実験では-196~-180℃の間で分解が起こった。これはマイクロ波の「仕事」による分解であると考える。

著者

井上 博成 KEELEY Alexander 竜太

出版者

一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会

雑誌

日本エネルギー学会誌 (ISSN:09168753)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.97, no.8, pp.245-251, 2018-08-20 (Released:2018-08-31)

参考文献数

16

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本研究は,日本における小水力発電の普及に係る障壁と課題について,事業主体の視点から明らかとすることを目的とする。筆者らが小水力発電事業実施地域に入り込み行ってきた参与観察及び小水力発電事業者への聞き取り調査とアンケート,そして先行研究を基に,小水力発電の普及に係る障壁と課題を事業主体の視点から8つ特定し,大きく次の3つのカテゴリーに整理を行った:政治的要因カテゴリー,技術・インフラ的要因カテゴリー,事業主体形成・計画・資金調達要因カテゴリー。 小水力発電事業者へのアンケートを基に,特定された各要因の重要度を,階層化意思決定法を用いて分析し,各要因の重み付けを行った。再生可能エネルギー全般において障壁となっている系統連系の問題に加えて,小水力発電には多くの許認可手続きの課題,地域住民との関わり方を含めた事業主体の形成の重要性,長期を要する開発期間の短縮のための事業計画の重要性等が確認された。これらの課題を踏まえた事業主体の形成,資金調達,そして地域住民や各種ステークホルダーとの調整を行っていくことがこれからの小水力発電の普及において重要であると考察される。本研究は,事業主体の視点に焦点をあてることによって,小水力発電の普及に係る障壁と課題を詳細に明らかにしている。

著者

深田 喜代志 板垣 省三 下山 泉

出版者

一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会

雑誌

日本エネルギー学会誌 (ISSN:09168753)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.83, no.11, pp.875-881, 2004

被引用文献数

1

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An innovative cokemaking process named SCOPE21 has been developed from 1993 to 2003 by member companies of the Japan Iron and Steel Federation as a national project. The concept of this project is higher utilization of non-, slightly coking coals, improvement of productivity and environmental protection.<BR>In order to enhance coke productivity, coals are preheated rapidly, fine coals are agglomerated and coke is discharged at medium temperatures. The strength of coke carbonized at medium temperatures will be lower than that of coke carbonized at a temperature over 1000&deg;C so that coke discharged at medium tempera-ture is further heated in an upper part of CDQ pre-chamber to obtain the conventional coke strength.<BR>In this study, the quality of cokes discharged at medium temperatures was analyzed and the upgrading effect of them was investigated by three different reheating methods. As a result, it was confirmed that coke discharged at medium temperature could be improved by reheating treatment and upgrading effect was affected by reheating method.

著者

Greg M. CUBIO Andres M. TUATES Jr Earl LABITAD Glenn B. PACLIJAN Ofero A. CAPARINO

出版者

The Japan Institute of Energy

雑誌

日本エネルギー学会誌 (ISSN:09168753)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.99, no.12, pp.243-250, 2020-12-20 (Released:2020-12-28)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

1

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The utilization of corn residues as a potential biomass for thermochemical conversion was investigated. The general objective of the study was to design and develop a thermochemical conversion unit and evaluate its performance in terms of the production of bio-oil, bio-char and syngas. The developed thermochemical conversion unit comprises a hopper, modified worm drive, reactor, cyclones separator, and syngas condenser. Three kilograms of size-reduced corn cobs were loaded to the reactor, then subjected to thermochemical conversion varying the operating temperature (with and without heater) and three airflow rates. Results showed that the highest percentages of biochar, bio-oil and syngas collected using the developed machine were 24%, 37% and 59%. Biochar contained 34% of volatile combustible matter, 60% of fixed carbon and a heating value of 26.3 MJ/kg. The thermochemical conversion unit has a waste to energy conversion efficiency that could reach as high as 91%. To achieve the highest percent recoveries of bio-oil and syngas, the machine should be operated at an airflow of 84 L/s. On the other hand, to obtain the highest recovery of bio-char, the unit should be operated at lower airflow. The conduct of up-scaling of the developed thermochemical conversion unit, testing and evaluation under field condition, and perform financial analysis are recommended.

著者

多田 千佳 柳田 高志 佐賀 清崇 ベスピャトコ リュドミラ バティスタ エルマー 藤本 真司 美濃輪 智朗

出版者

The Japan Institute of Energy

雑誌

日本エネルギー学会誌 (ISSN:09168753)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.10, pp.869-876, 2009

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The economic impacts, CO<SUB>2</SUB> emission, and change in industrial structures using rice husk power plant in Japan were investigated using input-output table of Japan. The direct and second economic impacts by investment to the rice husk power plant sector were 1.5 times higher than that to the power sector. The flow of money shifted to the agriculture, forestry and fisheries sector during introduction rice husk power plant. Increasing rate of using rice husk power plant induce the high-value added and the low CO<SUB>2</SUB> emission society with a very little change in industrial structure.

著者

児玉 清臣

出版者

一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会

雑誌

日本エネルギー学会誌 (ISSN:09168753)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.6, pp.483-490, 1997-06-20 (Released:2010-06-28)

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It has been described that coal was discovered at Miike, Japan in 1465.In Edo era, Miike mine had been operated systematically for 150 years.A westernized mining technology was introduced by the British in 1878. Mitsui Mining Company Limited succeeded the operation in 1889 and has continued it up to the present.In spite of huge amount of coal resources and thick seam, Miike mine had been trou-bled with a gush of water and faced with a severe condition of the mining under the bot-tom of the sea since 1910. However, Miike mine has defeated these disadvantages with the constant efforts and the employment of new technologies, and has built up the pre-sent status accumulating the valuable experiences.Miike mine has played an important roll of a leader in mining industries and has contributed to the society. Unfortunately, Miike mine has at last come to an end of the roll in 1997 for economical reason. In the history of 110 years, Mitsui mining company produced and supplied over 289 million tons of coal. Now we have a duty to look back the course Miike mine and Mitsui mining company have followed and achieved.

著者

大山 聖一

出版者

一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会

雑誌

日本エネルギー学会誌 (ISSN:09168753)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.3, pp.137-146, 1995-03-20 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

55

被引用文献数

5 6

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The recent status of catalytic hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to methanol was investigated. Although catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 requires H2 and energy, it shows much higher reaction rate than other CO2 conversion technologies. Especially, conversion to methanol is a promising technology because of its excellent characteristics as a fuel. Thermodynamically, lower temperatures and lower pressures are favorable for methanol synthesis from CO2 and higher temperatures are favorable for the reverse water gas shift reaction. Thus, a catalyst which is highly active below 473 K promises low-energy conversion to methanol. CO2 hydrogenation technology is classi-fied into a gas-phase synthesis and a liquid-phase synthesis from its reaction method. In the gas-phase synthesis, Cu/ZnO-based catalysts show space time yields comparable to those in the conventional methanol production process from syngas. The liquid-phase synthesis employing a homogeneous catalyst is expected to operate at lower temperatures than the gas-phase synthesis. In order to achieve efficient CO2 conversion to methanol, it is necessary to develop an active catalyst system at lower temperatures.

著者

中田 俊彦 佐藤 幹夫

出版者

一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会

雑誌

日本エネルギー学会誌 (ISSN:09168753)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.1, pp.34-41, 1992-01-20 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

3 5

著者

松野 泰也 稲葉 敦 Manfred SCHUCKERT

出版者

一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会

雑誌

日本エネルギー学会誌 (ISSN:09168753)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.11, pp.1070-1079, 1998-11-20 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

6

被引用文献数

6 7

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Primary aluminum consumes much energy in its production process-es leading a great quantity of emissions. In Japan, 99 ‰ amount of primary aluminum is currently imported from other countries. In this work, Global Warming Potential (GWP) and Acidification Potential (AP) values for primary aluminum ingot produced in Brasilia, Russia, Australia, Venezuela, U. S. A., Norway and Island have been investigated. The average GWP and AP values for Japanese import mixtures were calculated. The mini-mum GWP and AP values for primary aluminum ingot produced with best available tech-nology have also been estimated.It was found that GWP value of primary aluminum ingot produced in each country varied from 10.4 to 27.4 kg-CO2 equiv./kg, while AP value varied from 0.0172 to 0.135 kg-SO2 equiv./kg. The average GWP and AP values for Japanese import mixtures were 15.5 kg-CO2 equiv./kg and 0.0516 kg-SO2 equiv./kg, respectively. GWP value of primary alu-minum ingot could be reduced up to 6.32 kg-CO2 equiv./kg if it is produced with best available technology, and AP value could be reduced up to 0.0103 kg-SO2 equiv./kg. The environmental impact of primary aluminum ingot widely varies according to which coun-tries primary aluminum ingot was produced in and which technology was used in its pro-duction process.

著者

金 煕濬 橋本 賢 松井 幸次郎 小名 清一 定方 正毅

出版者

一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会

雑誌

日本エネルギー学会誌 (ISSN:09168753)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.76, no.3, pp.205-213, 1997-03-20 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

5 6

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Chongqing city, which is located in the southwest of China, suffers from acid rain damage caused by SO2 in coal combustion gas. Particularly, stoker type boilers in medium and small factories have no emission control facility in spite of using coal with high sulfur content (3-5%), so that a suitable countermeasure is required in angles of the cost, technological level and social conditions.We proposed a coal briquette combustion with the additive of limestone or slaked lime as one of the countermeasure. The possibility of coal briquette combustion methods was examined experimentally and compared with other methods from points of view of the cost and energy saving effect. The desulfurization rate of 70% was obtained in the briquette combustion method with the additive of limestone and 80% for slaked lime. Most of sulfur in the coal (both organic and pyritic) was trapped as gypsum anhydride (CaSO4). The desulfurization rate slightly depended on initial oxygen concentration in the supplied gas and size of limestone, while it was not influenced by briquetting pressure.The desulfurization cost of coal briquette was calculated as 20-30% of semi-dry or fluidized bed process. The briquette combustion method was expected to be effective in improving the human health and forest conservation in Chongqing city.

著者

Herdhata AGUSTA HENDRAYANTO Muhamad T. SUDARYANTO Ambar M. DEWI Dirk HOELSCHER

出版者

The Japan Institute of Energy

雑誌

日本エネルギー学会誌 (ISSN:09168753)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.98, no.5, pp.101-105, 2019-05-20 (Released:2019-05-31)

参考文献数

11

被引用文献数

5

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Since water balance is considered as a major constituent in the environmental issue for sustainability of oil palm production system, particularly as significant biomass contributor, runoff water as water loss and infiltrated water for oil palm consumption play the most significant role for the explanation of water status and should be exposed comprehensively. In case of water inefficiency in oil palm cultivation system, problem-solving solutions are to be identified and recommended. The purpose of the experiment was to approach the value of infiltrated water at smallholders oil palm plantation in Jambi at 4 gradient slopes category i.e. plain (0-5%), slight (6-10%), moderate (11-21%) and heavy slope (24-33%). The experiment was conducted at dry season from June to October 2013 in 4 replications. Water throughfall from September-October amounted to 35-39 mm from the total precipitation value of 97.1 mm. Infiltrated water from the water throughfall amounted to 32.3 mm at the slight gradient slope and 6.8 mm at the heavy gradient slope. Runoff rate at heavy gradient slope reached the value of 82.7 mm per 100 mm of total throughfall value. Canopy covering rate measured by sunlight transmission ranging from 11.9% - 13.5% had no significant effect on throughfall value at all of gradient slopes category.

著者

益山 久男

出版者

一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会

雑誌

日本エネルギー学会誌 (ISSN:09168753)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.1, pp.31-42, 1998-01-20 (Released:2011-02-23)

参考文献数

24

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China has made every effort to increase the railway transport since the foundation of the Peple's Republic of China. In 1995, Chinese railways reached 54, 615 km.The transport distance is now 2.50 times longer than that in the foundation in 1949 and 1.12 times longer than that in the start of market-oriented reform and open-door policy in 1978.Ministry of Railways has succeeded in modernization of railways such as electrification, double tracking and making larger the freight car. China is expect to continue 8% economic growth rate for the next fifteen years. The production of coal is estimated at 1.4 billion tons in 2000, and 2.0 billion tons in 2010.The shortage of investment in railways will bring the shortage of the railway trans-port.I think that the tailway trasport, if it is insufficent to invest in railway transport would be bottole-neck of the production of coal in China. It is also necessary that both the waterway transport and road transport are expanded and strengthend by investments. Thus coal and railway are essential to Chinese economy.This paper expects that appropriate policy on the transport of coal is quite necessary for the sound economic growth in the future.

著者

千葉 正毅 ペルライン ロン コーンブル ロイ プラード ハーシャ スタンフォード スコット エカリー ジョセブ

出版者

一般社団法人日本エネルギー学会

雑誌

日本エネルギー学会誌 (ISSN:09168753)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.86, no.9, pp.743-747, 2007-09-20

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

1 15

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In the past decade, much research has been focused on electroactive polymers (EAPs) as actuators. However, less well known is the fact that some of these materials have outstanding performance in the generator mode. Whereas polymer actuators convert electrical energy to mechanical energy, polymer generators convert mechanical energy to electrical energy. Many of the characteristics that make EAPs attractive as actuators also make them attractive as generators. Potential advantages include high energy output per unit mass, low cost, good coupling to many mechanical inputs, lightweight materials, and flexible design. We believe that given new capabilities enabled by EAPs, and the world's critical need for electrical power, that EAP power generation is an important focus area for research and development. Indeed, it is possible that EAP power generation could well exceed the importance of EAP actuators, itself an exciting technology area.

著者

松野 泰也 稲葉 敦 BETZ Michael SCHUCKERT Manfred

出版者

一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会

雑誌

日本エネルギー学会誌

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.12, pp.1162-1176, 1998

被引用文献数

5

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Since most industrial products consume electricity during their life cycle, the results of inventory analyses are usually sensitive to the data of electricity. In Japan, electricity is supplied by 10 electric companies that have their own regions to supply electricity. Constitution of power stations differs with each electric company. Thus, resources consumption and emissions per kWh of electricity are different with each electric company. It is, therefore, necessary to develop the inventories for electricity grid mix of each electric company for LCA practitioners in Japan. In this work, life cycle inventories for electricity gird mix of 10 electric companies in Japan have been developed.<BR>It was found that average CO<SUB>2</SUB> emissions related to 1 kWh of electricity distributed by electric companies were 0.45 kg-CO<SUB>2</SUB>/kWh, whereas average SO<SUB>2</SUB> and NOx emissions were 0.51 g/kWh and 0.47 g/kWh, respectively. Relative contribution of fuel production and fuel transport to CO<SUB>2</SUB> emissions was 4-12 % of total emissions. On the other hand, relative contribution of fuel production and fuel transport to SO<SUB>2</SUB> and NOx emissions was around 50 %. Average values of CO, CH<SUB>4</SUB>, NMHC and dust emissions were 1.3&times;10<SUP>-4</SUP> kg/kWh, 1.3&times;10<SUP>-3</SUP> kg/kWh, 3.3&times;10<SUP>-4</SUP> kg/kWh and 2.4&times;10<SUP>-5</SUP> kg/kWh, respectively. Heavy metal emissions into air were also investigated.

著者

松橋 隆治 石谷 久 菅 幹雄 吉岡 完治

出版者

一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会

雑誌

日本エネルギー学会誌 (ISSN:09168753)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.12, pp.1184-1192, 1998-12-20 (Released:2010-06-28)

参考文献数

5

被引用文献数

1 2

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Life cycle assessment (LCA) is expected to be a useful measure for us to evaluate environmental impacts associated with products or processes, so that we could improve our production systems for sustainable development. For this purpose, we have developed a novel mathematical tool called Process-relational Model. In the model, we have improved the principle of input-output analysis so as to include joint production. This improvement has enabled us to overcome difficulties of LCA in retracing complicated repercussions among production systems and in allocating environmental emissions among multiple products.Then life cycle CO2 emissions of electric and gasoline vehicles have been estimated with this model. We have shown that production and driving of electric vehicles cause less CO2 emissions than those of gasoline vehicles. Our analysis has also indicated that the difference detween electric and gasoline vehicles dramatically changes depending on traffic situation. Namely the difference becomes larger, as average velocity of vehicles becomes lower. Concerning electric vehicles, we have compared CO2 emissions caused by production with those caused by driving. The share of production has increased, as average velocity becomes higher.In conclusion, we have clarified directions of research and development of electric and gasoline vehicles for sustainable energy system.

著者

森泉 由恵 本藤 祐樹 中野 諭

出版者

一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会

雑誌

日本エネルギー学会誌 (ISSN:09168753)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.96, no.1, pp.16-27, 2017-01-20 (Released:2017-01-31)

参考文献数

16

被引用文献数

4

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本研究では,12種の再生可能エネルギー発電技術を対象に,ライフサイクルにわたる雇用創出効果の分析を行った。著者らが開発した再生可能エネルギー部門拡張産業連関表(REFIO)を用いて直接間接の雇用創出量を推計し,各技術の特徴を定量的に明らかにした。REFIOを用いることにより,12種の再生可能エネルギー発電技術について,共通の手法論に基づく比較を行うことができる。分析より,各発電技術固有の特徴が見出された。推計されたライフサイクル雇用創出ポテンシャルは,1.01~5.04人・年/GWhと技術により大きく異なることが示された。また,本研究では,雇用がどこで創出されるかに着目し,輸入による影響の分析を行った。その結果,太陽光発電と風力発電は,他の技術に比べて海外での雇用創出量が大きいことが示された。さらに,本研究では,量的側面だけでなく,創出される雇用機会の質的側面についても検討している。例えば,地熱発電における地熱井の掘削や木質バイオマス発電におけるプラント運転など,各技術に固有の活動を行うための人材が求められる。その一方で,全技術に共通して,法務・財務・会計サービスや輸送をはじめとする幅広いサービス部門において多くの雇用が誘発される。

著者

鮫島 正浩

出版者

一般社団法人日本エネルギー学会

雑誌

日本エネルギー学会誌 (ISSN:18826121)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.95, no.3, 2016-03-20

著者

瀬名波 出 永松 和成

出版者

一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会

雑誌

日本エネルギー学会誌

巻号頁・発行日

vol.96, no.9, pp.393-399, 2017

被引用文献数

1

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<p>クビレズタ<i>Caulerpa lentillifera</i> J. Agardh は陸上の養殖施設で生産されている数少ない大型藻類であり,本種の培養技術開発は,今後の大型藻類バイオマスエネルギー利用化に向けた陸上養殖の進展に大きく寄与すると考えられる。クビレズタは食用とされているが,最近では藻体に含まれている機能性成分を利用した商品開発も進められており需要が急増している。そこで生産性向上技術として注目されているのが二酸化炭素(CO₂)を利用した藻類の生長促進技術である。これまでにもCO₂をクビレズタの培養海水に添加すると生長が促進されることが報告されているが,培養中の環境要因の影響については明らかにされていない。そこで本稿では高濃度CO₂海水でクビレズタを培養したときの生長におよぼす水温(20℃,25℃,28℃),光量子束密度(75 µmol m^-2 s^-1,125 µmol m^-2 s^-1,250 µmol m^-2 s^-1)および光周期(12 L/12 D,18 L/6 D,24 L/0 L)の影響について調べた。その結果,いずれの条件下においてもCO₂添加によってクビレズタの生長率を高めることができた。またこの結果より高濃度CO₂海水を利用することによって水温の変動や日照不足による生長量の低下を改善できる可能性を示唆することができた。</p>

著者

鈴木 圭 山﨑 博司 今村 宰 古川 茂樹 小幡 義彦

出版者

一般社団法人 日本エネルギー学会

雑誌

日本エネルギー学会誌 (ISSN:09168753)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.96, no.6, pp.157-166, 2017-06-20 (Released:2017-06-30)

参考文献数

39

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エマルジョン燃料の噴霧燃焼過程においては二次微粒化発生により混合促進効果が期待できる一方で,水の蒸発による潜熱吸収によって発生熱量の大幅な減少が見込まれる。これを抑制することを目的としてエマルジョンの添加水分の一部をアルコールに置き換えた。本研究ではエタノールを添加した燃料/ 水エマルジョンの液滴燃焼時の二次微粒化特性,特にミクロ爆発発生について検討を行った。実験ではn-ヘキサデカンをベース燃料とし,水およびエタノールを混入させ界面活性剤で安定化させたエマルジョンを用いた。n-ヘキサデカンおよび界面活性剤の体積割合はそれぞれ0.7および0.03で一定とし,添加水分の一部をエタノールに置き換えた試料を用いた。エタノールの体積割合は0.0,0.03,0.05,0.08と変化させた。初期液滴直径は1.1 mmおよび1.3 mmとし,通常重力下静止空気中で燃焼実験を行った。液滴燃焼過程は高速度ビデオカメラで撮影し,ミクロ爆発発生までの待ち時間を計測するとともに,懸垂線をプローブとしたAcoustic Emission(以後,AE)計測によりミクロ爆発発生の強度の測定を行った。併せて液滴温度測定を行うとともに,ガラス細管内に保持した供試燃料の相分離過程を調べた。ミクロ爆発発生待ち時間をミクロ爆発の初期発生までの待ち時間とそれ以降の待ち時間に分けて検討を行った。その結果,後者はワイブル分布で近似でき,その形状母数は2となること,ミクロ爆発発発生までの待ち時間はエタノール含有により長くなる傾向があるが,その主な要因は最小発生時間の遅れであることを示した。併せて待ち時間分布と温度計測結果を用いてミクロ爆発発生時の温度とAEピーク電圧の算術平均を検討した結果,液滴直径,エタノール含有に関わらず同じ温度領域で発生するミクロ爆発のAEピーク電圧は同じであること,また低い温度領域で発生するミクロ爆発のAEピーク電圧は低くなることを示した。

著者

匿名希望

出版者

一般社団法人日本エネルギー学会

雑誌

日本エネルギー学会誌 (ISSN:09168753)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.88, no.12, 2009-12-20