著者

渡邊 航平

出版者

日本基礎理学療法学会

雑誌

日本基礎理学療法学雑誌 (ISSN:21860742)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.2-7, 2016-08-03 (Released:2018-09-28)

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Anatomical studies reported that human rectus femoris (RF) muscle is comprised of two different muscle-tendon units or neuromuscular compartments. Based on these anatomical characteristics, it can be assumed that the two regions within the RF muscle are controlled via different strategies by the central nervous system and play different functional roles. We are applying multi-channel surface electromyography technique to investigate regionspecific neuromuscular activation within the RF muscle. First, our study demonstrated that the proximal regions selectively activate during hip flexion while whole regions activate during knee extension (Watanabe et al. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 2012, Muscle Nerve 2014). This region-specific functional role was found during walking (Watanabe et al. J Biomech 2014) and pedaling (Watanabe et al. Muscle Nerve 2015). We also reported that regional neuromuscular regulation during walking is influenced by aging (Watanabe et al. J Biomech 2016). These studies suggest that regional neuromuscular regulation plays key role in human movements. Moreover, we showed that proximal regions are more fatigable than other regions (Watanabe et al. Muscle Nerve 2013). This may be explained by the potential of non-uniform arrangements of different types of motor units or muscle fibers along the muscle which was tested by electrical nerve stimulation (Watanabe et al. Eur J Appl Physiol 2014). From these studies, we concluded that the RF muscle is regulated by different strategies during human movements.

著者

梅原 潤 市橋 則明

出版者

日本基礎理学療法学会

雑誌

日本基礎理学療法学雑誌 (ISSN:21860742)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.1, pp.32-38, 2019-12-10 (Released:2019-12-14)

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Shoulder complex consists of sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular, glenohumeral, and scapulothoracic joint and is one of the largest and most complex joint in human body. The normal movement of these joint is required for shoulder function. In particular, to keep the large range of motion of shoulder complex, the movement of scapulothoracic joint referred to as scapular movement is essential for its flexible movement. Scapular dyskinesis has been defined as the set of abnormal position and movement of scapula and was seen in patient with shoulder disease such as impingement syndrome and rotator cuff tear. One cause of scapular dyskinesis is the increase in stiffness of soft tissue such as muscles. Shear wave elastography is an attractive technique to quantify muscle mechanical property. We applied this technique to verify the efficiency of stretching maneuvers for individual muscle used in physical therapy. In this review article, we focused pectoralis minor muscle, which is one of the causes of scapular dyskinesis, and provided the knowledges about effective stretching maneuver for this muscle and interaction between scapular movement and muscle stiffness of this muscle.

著者

江玉 睦明

出版者

日本基礎理学療法学会

雑誌

日本基礎理学療法学雑誌 (ISSN:21860742)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.20, no.2, pp.16-21, 2017-11-08 (Released:2018-09-26)

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Although AT disorders do not typically become severe, they occur frequently and are considered to be one of the disorders that are difficult to manage. Recently, several effective treatment methods were reported; however, there are currently no eff ective methods to prevent this disorder. The reason for this could be that the mechanism of the disorder itself is not completely understood. This is most likely why the incidence of AT disorders is very high and why preventive methods are not well-established. In recent years, attempts have been made to elucidate the mechanism for the occurrence of AT disorders based on past research, with much attention to the twisted structure of the AT as a cause. There are numerous studies from the past several decades concerning the twisted structure of the AT. Several studies have unanimously reported that ATs are composed of an insertion tendon where the medial head of the gastrocnemius, lateral head of the gastrocnemius, and the soleus muscle insert, exhibit twisted structures, and are all twisted in the lateral direction without exception. But, a consensus has yet to be reached in terms of the extent of twisting. In this paper, we introduce the anatomical studies that we have carried out in recent years as a basic research for the elucidation of the generation mechanism.

著者

松木 明好 西下 智 吉田 直樹 岡田 洋平

出版者

日本基礎理学療法学会

雑誌

日本基礎理学療法学雑誌 (ISSN:21860742)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.18-24, 2021-03-08 (Released:2021-03-09)

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The vestibular system and the cerebellum contribute to postural control and ocular movements. Gaze stabilization exercise (GSE) is often conducted to improve postural balance and dynamic gaze ability. We found that GSE reduces body sway while standing upright with modulation of the vestibulospinal reflex. Additionally, the sensory contribution of the vestibular system over postural control increases after GSE. GSE increases the oculomotor range with respect to head movements, thereby improving the dynamic gaze ability. However, this modulation was absent after low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the cerebellum (crTMS). These findings indicate that GSE improves eye-head coordination, and the cerebellum contributes to this modulation. Noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation (nGVS) after crTMS modulates vestibulospinal excitability, but no modulation was observed without combining these stimuli. These findings indicate that nGVS can modulate the vestibulospinal reflex, thereby improving postural stability, and the cerebellum contributes to this modulation. The effect of single-pulse cerebellar TMS on spinal reflex excitability can be modulated by cerebellar transcranial direct current stimulation. This indicates that the cerebellum modulates spinal reflexes over postural control, and we can modify this effect by using a neuromodulation montage. In this review, we report the above findings on neuromodulation of the cerebellum and the vestibular system.

著者

河合 誠 谷口 圭吾 齋藤 輝 秋間 広 片寄 正樹

出版者

日本基礎理学療法学会

雑誌

日本基礎理学療法学雑誌 (ISSN:21860742)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, pp.61-69, 2015-08-24 (Released:2018-09-28)

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The purpose of this study was to determine the neuromuscular activation patterns of the quadriceps femoris (QF) synergists including the vastus intermedius (VI) during squat movement. For 15 healthy men, surface electromyography (EMG) was recorded at VI, vastus lateralis (VL), vastus medialis (VM) and rectus femoris (RF) during the repetitive squat movements. The squat movement started upright posture. This movement consisted of eccentric (ECC) phase, isometric (ISO) phase at the bottom, and concentric (CON) phase with knee joint angle between 0° to 90°. The root mean square (RMS) of the EMG signals during three phases was calculated for knee joint angles ranging from 15° to 90°. Each ECC and CON phase was further divided into three subcategories. The RMS during squat was normalized by that of 15° to 40° during the ECC phase for all muscles. During the squat movement, a significant muscle-by-angle interaction in normalized RMS was found (P < 0.05). The normalized RMS of VI was signifi cantly higher than that of the VL and VM at all subcategories during ECC phase and ISO phase (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the VI plays an important role in the fl exed knee position during squat movement. This uncovered finding may help establishment of future effective therapeutic programs for dysfunction of QF related knee joint disorders.

著者

大住 倫弘 住谷 昌彦 大竹 祐子 森岡 周

出版者

日本基礎理学療法学会

雑誌

日本基礎理学療法学雑誌 (ISSN:21860742)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.69-78, 2018-12-18 (Released:2019-01-08)

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Goal-directed movements involve representative sensorimotor control, planning, and execution, both sequentially and cyclically. An optimal motor control is necessary to minimize jerk, torque change, variance, interaction torques. Disturbance of optimal motor control may cause or exacerbate pathological pain in patients with complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). The present review article demonstrated abnormal kinematic feature in CRPS indicating sensorimotor disturbance and pain-related fear. Then, we also demonstrated rehabilitation strategy for them based on analyzing kinematic data. While, phantom limb pain is exacerbated through altered movement representations of their phantom limb, for example, ‘my phantom limb is frozen in one or more peculiar positions’. Previously study hypothesized that visual feedback using a mirror restored the voluntary movement representation of such a ‘paralysed’ phantom limb and simultaneously improved phantom limb pain. This observation generated a working hypothesis ‘distorted movement representation of a phantom limb induces pathological pain as the alarm sign of the limb abnormality'. In the present review article, we demonstrated process of verifying the working hypothesis by using the bimanual circle-line coordination task and rehabilitation with virtual reality system. We suggest the importance of evaluating the movement representations in a quantitative way, and that structured movement representations of the phantom limb are necessary for alleviating phantom limb pain.

著者

島田 裕之 牧迫 飛雄馬

出版者

日本基礎理学療法学会

雑誌

日本基礎理学療法学雑誌 (ISSN:21860742)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, pp.13-18, 2015-08-24 (Released:2018-09-28)

被引用文献数

1

著者

藤田 聡

出版者

日本基礎理学療法学会

雑誌

日本基礎理学療法学雑誌 (ISSN:21860742)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.18, no.2, pp.3-8, 2015-08-24 (Released:2018-09-28)

著者

宮本 俊朗

出版者

日本基礎理学療法学会

雑誌

日本基礎理学療法学雑誌 (ISSN:21860742)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.1, pp.9-17, 2019-12-10 (Released:2019-12-14)

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The prevalence of chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, and cancer, are escalating at an alarming rate in many countries. These diseases are associated with, at least in part, insufficient physical activity, and physical activity has beneficial effects on a variety of health outcomes such as decreased mortality and risk of these diseases. For these positive effects, moderate to vigorous physical activity has been recommended. However, there are many patients who cannot perform adequate exercise because of severe diseases, several complications and/or their exercise intolerance. This issue highlights a need for alternative therapies. There is growing body of literature that recognizes the positive effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on muscle strength, cardiorespiratory fitness, physical performance and metabolism in healthy adults and clinical setting. The present review introduces the effect of NMES on muscle strength and glucose metabolism as well as NMES-induced physiological responses including myokines related to preventing dementia and cancer.

著者

山縣 桃子 建内 宏重 市橋 則明

出版者

日本基礎理学療法学会

雑誌

日本基礎理学療法学雑誌 (ISSN:21860742)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.1-7, 2021-03-08 (Released:2021-03-09)

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Our body has more elements such as joints and muscles than needed to perform any activities of daily living, including gait. As an approach to the problem of motor redundancy, the principle of abundance was suggested. The principle views the apparently redundant design of the body as a useful and crucial mechanism stabilizing different performance variables in a task-specific way. There are many papers based on this idea using the framework of the uncontrolled manifold (UCM) hypothesis. The UCM hypothesis assumes that the central nervous system acts in an abundant space of elemental variables and organizes in that space a subspace corresponding to a stable value of a performance variable. The UCM method has been developed for various actions, including multi-joint reaching, standing, and gait, and used for different subjects (e.g., younger adults, older adults, patients with neurological impairment). Using the method, we explored if segment configurations contributing to the stability of swing foot and center of mass are related to falling risk in older adults. With this paper, we introduce our previous studies as well as the basic concept of motor redundancy and the principle of abundance.

著者

藤川 智彦

出版者

日本基礎理学療法学会

雑誌

日本基礎理学療法学雑誌 (ISSN:21860742)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, no.2, pp.8-16, 2016-08-03 (Released:2018-09-28)

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The existence of bi-articular muscles greatly contributes to hybrid position and force control, and compliance control of the end point of extremities. In electromyography, the coordinated activity pattern of three pairs of antagonistic muscles, consisting of mono- and bi- articular muscles, contributed to control of the output force direction, and the output distribution at maximum effort was a hexagonal shape with the muscular strength for each pair of antagonistic muscles. In mechanical human leg model experiments, we demonstrated that the parallel link mechanism of a bi- articular muscle along the posterior crus was involved in stabilizing a jumping motion, and that the coordinated contraction mechanism of three pairs of antagonistic muscles in the femoral region contributed to absorbing the force generated during the landing motion. The results obtained from the mechanical leg model experiments strongly suggest that coordinated muscular functions could provide rapid and precise human like movements without a feedback control system.

著者

大西 秀明 八木 了 伊橋 光二

出版者

日本基礎理学療法学会

雑誌

日本基礎理学療法学雑誌 (ISSN:21860742)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.2, pp.2-13, 2000 (Released:2018-09-28)

著者

北谷 亮輔 大畑 光司 澁田 紗央理

出版者

日本基礎理学療法学会

雑誌

日本基礎理学療法学雑誌 (ISSN:21860742)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.2, pp.29-37, 2013-03-27 (Released:2018-09-28)

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Limited range of motion at the ankle joint is one of the main causes of genu recurvatum. The purpose of this study was to clarify the kinematic and electromyographic changes induced by limited ankle joint motion during gait.Eleven healthy subjects (21.5 ± 0.8 years old) participated in this study. An ankle-foot orthosis was used to limit the ankle dorsiflexion (DF) motion from 0 to 20 degree. The gait analysis was performed at 2, 3, 4, and 5 km/h on a treadmill. The joint angles and electromyographic signals on the right side of the lower limb were measured during gait. In addition, the degree of heel elevation during the stance phase, which is a kinematic change caused by limited DF motion, was measured.The knee angle extended significantly as DF motion was limited, whereas it flexed significantly as gait speed increased during loading response and single-limb stance phase. Rectus femoris and vastus medialis muscle activities increased significantly with increased gait speed during the same phases. Heel elevation significantly increased with limited ankle motion and increased gait speed during the stance phase.These results suggest that genu recurvatum is influenced by gait speed. With changes in knee angle, quadriceps muscles become more activated to support the weight in the flexed knee position.

著者

中島 和希 高橋 琢哉

出版者

日本基礎理学療法学会

雑誌

日本基礎理学療法学雑誌 (ISSN:21860742)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.37-45, 2021-03-08 (Released:2021-03-09)

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The central nervous system injury such as stroke can severely cause the motor paralysis. Although the approach of the rehabilitative training is developed, many patients still face the restrictions in their daily living after rehabilitation. Thereby, a new compound with strong potential to enhance motor function recovery with rehabilitation is an unmet medical needs. We focus on the one of glutamate receptors, AMPA (α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid) receptor, which plays an important role in learning and memory. Here, we found a novel small low molecular compound, edonerpic-maleic acid edonerpic MA), facilitated experience-dependent synaptic AMPA receptor delivery in barrel cortex and dramatically accelerated motor function recovery after brain damage in rodent model. Furthermore, edonerpic MA enhanced the upper limb function recovery of macaque monkeys with the internal capsule hemorrhage. Currently, a phase 2 clinical trial is being conducted to verify the efficacy of edonerpic MA in stroke patients and has attracted global attention.

著者

縣 信秀

出版者

日本基礎理学療法学会

雑誌

日本基礎理学療法学雑誌 (ISSN:21860742)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, no.2, pp.3-8, 2012 (Released:2018-09-28)

著者

中畑 晶博 青山 朋樹 伊藤 明良

出版者

日本基礎理学療法学会

雑誌

日本基礎理学療法学雑誌 (ISSN:21860742)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.16-22, 2018-12-18 (Released:2019-01-08)

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Articular cartilage injury affects many people in the world. However, the articular cartilage tissue is difficult to restore because it has not blood vessels and neurons. Recently, cell therapy has been shown to affect cartilage regeneration. Autologous chondrocyte implantation (ACI) is one of the most common therapies and also performed in Japan under the medical insurance coverage. It is reported that ACI for cartilage defects relieves pain, improves function, and restores the cartilage. Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy is also performed worldwide. MSC therapy also relieves pain, improves function, restores the cartilage like ACI. However, both ACI and MSC therapy are limited to cartilage restoration and functional recovery. Mechanical stress is an important key factor that facilitates cartilage regeneration, so rehabilitation involving mechanical stress could have synergistic effects. However, evidence on the rehabilitation program after cell therapy is still insufficient. Further verification will be necessary in the future.

著者

石田 章真

出版者

日本基礎理学療法学会

雑誌

日本基礎理学療法学雑誌 (ISSN:21860742)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.2, pp.3-10, 2014-08-05 (Released:2018-09-28)

著者

藤野 英己 武田 功

出版者

日本基礎理学療法学会

雑誌

日本基礎理学療法学雑誌 (ISSN:21860742)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.2, pp.3-9, 2004 (Released:2018-09-28)

著者

舘林 大介 檜森 弘一 芦田 雪 山田 崇史

出版者

日本基礎理学療法学会

雑誌

日本基礎理学療法学雑誌 (ISSN:21860742)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, no.1, pp.39-47, 2019-12-10 (Released:2019-12-14)

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The depressed protein synthetic response, a phenomenon termed as anabolic resistance, has been shown to be involved in muscle wasting induced by cancer cachexia. Moreover, a positive relationship between protein synthetic rate and intracellular glutamine (GLN) concentration has been found in skeletal muscles. We here investigated the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (ES) and GLN administration on muscle wasting and GLN metabolism in colon 26 (C-26) tumor bearing mice. CD2F1 mice were divided into 8 groups; control (CNT), CNT+ES, CNT+GLN, CNT+ES+GLN, C-26, C-26+ES, C-26+GLN, C-26+ES+GLN. Cancer cachexia was induced by a subcutaneous injection of C-26 cells and was developed for four weeks. ES was performed to the left plantar flexor muscles every other day and GLN (1 g/kg) was daily intraperitoneally administered starting one day following C-26 injection. Tumor-free body mass and fast-twitch gastrocnemius (Gas) muscle weight were lower in the C-26 group than in the CNT group (-19% and -17%, respectively). Niether ES training nor GLN administration, alone or in combination, ameliorated the loss of Gas muscle weight in the C-26 mice. ES training in combination with GLN administration inhibited the increased GLN synthetase (GS) expression in the C-26 muscles. Thus, it is unlikely that GLN plays a critical role in muscle protein metabolism and thereby can be targeted as a tentative treatment of cancer cachexia.

著者

飯田 尚哉 谷口 圭吾 渡邉 耕太 宮本 浩樹 谷口 達也 藤宮 峯子 片寄 正樹

出版者

日本基礎理学療法学会

雑誌

日本基礎理学療法学雑誌 (ISSN:21860742)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.88-94, 2018-12-18 (Released:2019-01-08)

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Although shear wave elastography (SWE) has been used to indirectly measure passive force in muscle tissues, it is unknown whether SWE can be utilized to evaluate passive force in capsule tissues. This study investigated the relationship between the shear elastic modulus and passive force in posteroinferior shoulder capsules using SWE. Six posteroinferior shoulder capsules were dissected from six fresh-frozen cadavers; then, humeral head–capsule–glenoid specimens were created from each capsule. The humeral head and glenoid were each immobilized with clamps of a custom-built device. Passive force (0-400 g in 25 g increments) was applied to each capsule via a pulley system, and elasticity was measured simultaneously using SWE. Our data revealed that the relationship between the shear elastic modulus and passive capsule force was highly linear for all six tested capsules (p < 0.01). The mean (± standard deviation) coefficient of determination was 0.933 (±0.030; range 0.883 and 0.963). Our study demonstrated that SWE is a valid and useful method for indirectly and noninvasively evaluating the passive force of the posteroinferior shoulder capsule.