著者

古仲 素子

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, pp.29-38, 2016-03-31

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The purpose of this paper is to clarify how activities of music club were carried out in Japanese junior high schools between 1920-1930, focusing on influence of the popularization of harmonica. In the 1920s, product development and advertisement by musical instrument maker, for making harmonica popularized and raising the position, enabled most people including students to get harmonica. The popularization of harmonica made musical activities in schools activated. Also, it drastically changed quality of students' musical performance and relationships between teachers and students, between course of studies and extra-curricular activities.

著者

沈 暁敏

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.45, pp.257-266, 2006-03-10

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Since 2002 in China, drastic change has occurred in the field of moral education and social studies, wherenew subject is arranged and its contents are correlated and integrated. I have been a chief leader of this innovative movement in Shanghai, as a chief editor of new textbooks. This paper displays conceptions of "citizen ship education" and its "public mind or moral" which are represented in the new textbooks. In editing the new textbooks, such many issues were reexamined, as conflict and dilemma between current democratic idea of citizenship and traditional idea of convenient moral, confusion between new trend of human right and dominant political consciousness, destruction of public moral under marketing economy and so on.Through deliberation of these complicated issues for the editing process, the new textbook challenges to present a new vision based upon public philosophy, which should be empower and enrich "citizenship" in the real educational context.

著者

李 和静

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, pp.61-70, 2016-03-31

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In this paper, the chronological trend of studies on shadow education in the sociology of education in Japan was examined. Based on this examination, future directions are then presented for consideration. Shadow education has been noted as a factor in the relation between educational achievement and social stratification in the 1970-80's in Japan. In the 1990s, based mainly on national survey data, it was found that educational investment and strategy influenced shadow education. Later, in the late 2000s, the amount of research and case studies that focused on shadow education increased. Currently, by controlling endogeneity biases, studies have been conducted in an attempt to identify causal effects of shadow education. In conclusion, for future consideration, within research on shadow education, it is necessary to clearly distinguish between the different terms used for shadow education (“out of school education”, and “private supplementary tutoring”) within the Japanese language.

著者

徐 国興

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, pp.99-108, 2003

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Tuition fees of public universities are greatly increasing in recent years in China. Many researchers have made an attempt to examine the effects of rising fee on students'enrollment behavior. However, there is no systematic analysis of the causes of fee increase, and the causal relations between the fee rising and the expansion of higher education. This paper will focus on the following four points: (1) the history of university fees, (2) the present situation of tuition fees, (3) the mechanism responsible for the fee rising, (4) the relation between the rising of fees and the higher education expansion. The findings of this article are as follows: (1) The transformation of fee system is not from free-fee one to high-fee one directly, but through several transitive phases in which various fee policies were experimented by the central government. (2) The present standard of tuition fee is very high. Fee average is up to 5000 yuan every year. And the amount of fee collected by different institutions varies greatly according to university and department's prestige. (3) Each institution of higher education played an important role in the process of fee rising. The central government changed the fee policies, which gave each institution an arbitrary power to decide its fee level and how to spend it partly. (4) Consequently, the fee rising in public universities gave an incentive to every institution and directly promoted the expansion of the higher education.

著者

米津 美香

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, pp.13-22, 2013-03-10

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The purpose of this study is to explore the historical and the theoretical relations between Montessori and Gandhi and to make a suggestion for moral education today. First, this study focuses on the historical relations between them in India, then we examine the theoretical points in common, and also examine the differences of their views, which enables to clarify the moral educational viewpoint of them. In conclusion, this study argues that, if we understand moral education from children's development through Montessori and Gandhi's Education, we can make a new evaluation of moral education in school.

著者

金 志英

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, pp.387-396, 2012-03-10

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This study is about the High School Equalization Policy in the Republic of Korea. The bulk of research until recently focused mainly on the problem after the policy was implemented. Accordingly, research on the original policy is scarce. So, the aim of this study is to understand more fully the original policy, particularly, the influence on the competition between schools by the policy. As a research method, analysis transition of school ranking before and after the policy was used to examine.

著者

許 婷婷

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, pp.41-50, 2008-03-10

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「六諭」及與其相關的道徳話語在中國明清時代的庶民教化政策中扮演著重要的角色,而且與宗族社會形成息息相關。在十八世紀初期,《六諭衍義》這一主要解釋「六諭」的書亦傳來日本,對日本徳川時代的庶民教化政策亦〓了相當重要的作用。該書被施于訓點在日本出版之外,以室鳩巣所注釋的《六諭衍義大意》爲首之許多「六諭」道徳話語的異本亦陸續被出版。故,本文首先従教育思想史的觀點來考察與「六諭」相關的諸文本是如何輸入日本且出版的。然而在中國明清時代使用的《六諭衍義》與在徳川時代主要被使用的《六諭衍義大意》一書的内容並不盡相同。所以,本文對《六諭衍義》與《六諭衍義大意》的内容進行比較,試圖探討《六諭衍義》與鳩巣所注釋的《六諭衍義大意》之内容差異與日中社會體係差異之間的關係。並且希望透過以上的檢討,來思考在東亞各國間之道徳話語的流傳與演變的這一問題。

著者

山本 達人

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, pp.139-148, 2015

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The purpose of this article is to review of the empirical studies of parents' attitudes toward school education in Japan and to lead problems about the study of the opinions and requests from parents to school in Japan. For this purpose, I try to review the empirical studies of parents' attitudes toward Japanese school education in time series.

著者

稲葉 めぐみ

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, pp.297-306, 2013-03-10

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In Japan, public universities are usually originated and carried on by local government, so those universities have natural advantages to contribute the local communities. Now a day, all universities are strongly anticipated to strengthen the capability to contribute to the local communities. So co-operation with public universities can be one of the solutions for other universities. But is it possible to suppose that public universities can be treated as same system? / This paper reveals that public universities are allocated to various part of local governmental system. It can be cause of great difference in characteristics of each public university. So if a university wants to co-operate with a public university for further contribution to the local communities, one must remark on the characteristics of the public university for utilization of the cooperation.

著者

市山 雅美

出版者

東京大学

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.43, pp.1-13, 2004-03-10

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I attempt to examine self-government by students in koyukai (student-teacher association in schools in prewar Japan) by analyzing the rules of koyukai in junior high school. Self-government by students in koyukai has not fully examined. Surely, teachers had powers over students in koyukai. The chairman was a principal, and the club managers were teachers. Student officers had to follow the teachers. The chairman had great power over the meeting. In these points, the system of koyukai was contrary to self-government by students. But self-government by students was seen in several points. Students participated in enacting rules of koyukai, and deciding the budget. They elected their own officers. But these self-government activities did not fully develop, because the word of "jichi" (self-government in Japanese) meant mainly order or discipline, and koyukai was functioned as an organization to control students.

著者

高橋 翠

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, pp.183-190, 2011

著者

趙 衛国

出版者

東京大学

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, pp.337-346, 2008-03-10

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This paper examines the effects of interaction with a different cultural environment on personality formation and ego establishment in ten Chinese students, and then draws conclusions concerning the main effects of adjusting to a new cultural identity. An analysis of data from a three-year ethnographic study in K. High School suggests that three key factors influence adjustment: the existence of friends and important others comparisons between Chinese and Japanese schools, and family influences. These three factors are interactive, and influence students'adjustment to a new school and the re-adjustment of their cultural identity.

著者

高岡 文子

出版者

東京大学

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, pp.327-336, 1998-03-26

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The major purpose of this article is to describe the problem of preparation and education of school counselors in Japan, and especially to highlight the following : (a) the current status of school counseling services and the major issues that both teachers and counselors are dealing with today in Japanese school systems, and (b) the preparation and education of school counselors in the U. S. A., stressing the author's own experience of participating in the school counselor preparation programs at Boston University Graduate School of Education. This review further discusses the future challenges for school counselors and anticipated trends of the school counselor preparation programs at the graduate level in the university setting in Japan.

著者

村上 博文

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, pp.21-32, 2010-03-10

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The purpose of this study is to make clear influence to young infants of "space design of nursery room". A space of nursery room was designed by child-care person two times. At fast stage table-chair was set near the window. At Second stage, some partitions was set in room. And the room was constituted three spaces. One was a Dynamic-playing space, the others were a table-chair space and a free space. // In free playing time after changing space design of nursery room, three young infants ware more stable before. Then Qualities of activity(steadiness, concentration) were improved, too. And child-careers also watched child activities more detail. In summary design of space was effected to space of young infant's activity. From the results design of space in nursery room is a important environmental factor of considering nursery room.

著者

ハスバガン

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, pp.89-116, 2001-03-15

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This summary paper classifies the Mongolian education and language education in the Qing dynasty into four of areas such as the official school, school education, district education and temple education and be making a initial study. First of all, the process of analysis collect certain information from some separate historical articles and analyze the characteristics of the education and language education of each and lead it to several conclusion finally. The policy of Qing dynasty to the Mongolian is assimilation and the education is the important part of the whole policy. The aim has nothing to do but make the faithful nations to the emperor. However, as the part of world civilization, it is true that the education, especially the new education in the last stage of the Qing dynasty promoted the social and cultural development in the Mongolian district, except being used by the ruler as a political instrument. The change and cultural conversion of the Mongolian society advanced gradually and sometimes compromised during economic and cultural collision. As a social phenomenon and cultural load body the language has changed during the change of the society and school education accelerated the change. The direction of the change shows the trend of shift from multilangual model to bilangual models and after all, such trend is decided to the change of the economy, politics, nationality relationship of the whole society.

著者

小黒 恵

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, pp.31-42, 2014-03-28

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The aim of this paper is to consider the new concept of specialty in education, which transcends the dichotomy of general education versus strict specialization, by clarifying the effects and problems of its actual implementation in the vocational course of a general high school. This research reveals that in the case example, three features of the practice ― “ wide and shallow specialization ”, practical training, and presentations―have had various positive effects on students’ learning and career choices. This finding supports the legitimacy of promoting diversification of high schools through the introduction of vocational education to general high schools.

著者

堤 ひろゆき

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, pp.11-20, 2012-03-10

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the impact that the practice of sport in an old-system junior high school had on both students and the school through an analysis of the school's alumni association magazines published from the 1900s to the 1930s, a period in which the alumni association went through major reform. The paper clarifies the relationship between sports and spirituality within the school and the way in which this relationship was formed. It shows that the way in which spiritual issues were discussed in the magazine differed according to whether they related to matters solely internal or also external to the school. It also shows that reform resulted in all students being forced to take part in sports. Spirituality relating to sport was supported by different logic depending on whether the subject was solely internal or also external to the school, but was linked together as a result of reform, and students'spirituality began to be measured by the marks they achieved in sport.

著者

濵田 秀行

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, pp.347-355, 2010-03-10

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Recent studies on learrning activities in which students interact and exchange interpretations during narrative reading were reviewed from the perspective of metacognition. Such activities frequently take place during Japanese lessons in secondary schools. However, the pedagogical implications of this practice have not been clearly demonstrated. Past studies have indicated that: (1) Strategies that work during reading as a metacognition become activated in collaborative learning; (2) classroom discussions function as a basis for developing knowledge and skills of the students. Current studies suggest models of how reading narrative stories and interacting with each other deepens the students'understanding. Although, previous studies on narrative reading instructions focused on the structure of the stories, the effect of variables such as the resources available to support students'interpretations remains to be investigated. It is necessary to explore the thinking processes of students through inquiries that take the relationships between the delineations of the texts and their interpretations into consideration.

著者

橋本 鉱市

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, pp.67-80, 2014-03-28

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Many literatures on the policy process of higher education have accumulated in the 2000s in the U.S. and Japan. In this paper, I review them, especially the ones which were influenced and enriched from development in political science theoretically and methodologically since 1980s, focusing on "formulation and decision-making of policies" of higher education. Comparing recent literatures in the U.S. and Japan in the 2000s, I review the themes and methods of each literature and discuss the perspectives and challenges for the future.

著者

高 吉嬉

出版者

東京大学大学院教育学研究科

雑誌

東京大学大学院教育学研究科紀要 (ISSN:13421050)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, pp.1-10, 1997-12-12

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There is a wide gap of understanding modern history of East Asia by Koreans and Japanese people. It sometimes prevents two contries from improving the relationship. The aim of the present paper is to clarify such a gap in order to open the mutual educational horizon. The focus is a gap of understanding the separation and reunification of Korean Peninsula. The author summarizes recent surveys on mutual recognition between the two contries. Japanese indifference and ignorance of history and Koreans misperception were analized. By pointing out both Japan's and Korea's responsibility in the separation of Korean Peninsula, the present paper proposes the Japan's task and role for the reunification of North and South Korea to establish the peace of East Asia.