出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.85, no.2, pp.225-238, 2019 (Released:2021-02-19)

著者

武居 良明

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.1, pp.94-97, 1995-05-25 (Released:2017-06-24)

著者

糟谷 憲一

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.5, pp.708-711, 1995-01-25 (Released:2017-09-28)

著者

石川 研

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.4, pp.417-438, 2005

参考文献数

81

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The purpose of this paper is to examine the significance of imported television programs and how the creation of the domestic industry for program contents production involved domestic movie companies (DMC) and sponsors. One of the initial problems faced by the television business was the paucity of the domestic industry for producing programs. DMC held important resources, such as stocks of old movies and capabilities of producing contents, which could complement the television industry. But DMC did not cooperate with the television business, which thus had to depend on importing contents, mostly from the United States. Foreign exchange allocation for television enabled the television business to import programs. It meant that imported programs made up for the inadequacy of domestic capabilities to produce programs and contributed to the enrichment of television contents. Content improvement in turn contributed to the increase in the utility value of television sets themselves. Thus television broadcasting established itself as a new mass media at an early stage through the active use of imported programs. The substantial liberalization of the televisions contents trade in 1963 provided an opportunity for the television business to meet the conditions for the realization of a domestic industry to produce programs. In the meantime, the position of DMC as well as sponsors changed. In the middle of the 1960s, the domestic industry was finally established. DMC were then to become active participants in the television business, and sponsors came to appreciate the quality of domestic programs.

著者

武谷 嘉之

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.1, pp.45-65, 1999-05-25 (Released:2017-06-23)

被引用文献数

1

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Tetsudai performed a variety of odd jobs on construction sites, from simple tasks such as cleaning up or carrying things to fairly skilled ones such as putting on p;aster. Their wages and standard of living were lower than those of other construction workers. This study examines the way in which tetsudai organized themselves. The fact that a relatively low-level group of urban workers like this actually formed an association during the Tokugawa period is not well known. The association was strengthened by confrontations with other groups, such as stonemasons and well-diggers, and by disputes with fellow tetsudai in rural areas. As a result of the activities of the association, tetsudai were able tu raise their social status and increase their independence.

著者

森 宜人

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.2, pp.175-196, 2005-07-25 (Released:2017-06-09)

参考文献数

79

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This article shows the socio-economic dynamism of urban electrification--the diffusion of electricity as necessary energy in urban life--with a case study of Frankfurt during the Weimar period. Before World War I, electric lights were a luxury so that less than 10% of households used them. But the situation changed in the 1920s. In the period of relative stability, electricity for lighting shifted from being a luxury to becoming necessary energy. This was due to a new rate system intended to benefit small-scale consumers. Besides the adoption of a new rate system, advertisement also played an important role. A case in point was the 'Lichtfest' (Light Festival) held in 1927 to boost the illumination of show windows. It contributed not only to spreading the use of electric lights but to innovating illumination techniques in general. With the spread of electric lights in urban life, a completely electrified life came to be considered as an ideal. However, such a lifestyle was just a utopia, adopted only experimentally in newly developed suburban residential areas. The gap between ideal and reality was not owing to the negative attitude of consumers toward the new lifestyle, but to the electricity rates, which were still too high for daily use of electrical appliances.

著者

伴野 泰弘

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.2, pp.117-145, 1992 (Released:2018-04-19)

著者

竹内 利美

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.8, no.6, pp.603-634, 1938-09-15 (Released:2017-12-28)

著者

北村 暁夫

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.2, pp.291-319,343, 1993-07-25 (Released:2017-07-01)

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From the 1870s to the beginning of the First World War, numerous emigrants left Calabria, southern Italy, for the American countries. A large number of them were young single men who had worked in the agrarian sector in Italy. This article examinens the causes of the peasant emigration and its effects on rural areas in Calabria, using emigration statistics and contemporary surveys of agrarian inquiries. The emigration began in the northern part of the mountains of Calabria. Tha peasants of these areas traditionally participated in a subsistence economy supplemented by domestic industry and seasonal employment, especially in the plains, where the cereal latifondo was under cultivation. But when the decline in domestic industry and the consequent decrease in employment opportunities was accelerated by the agrarian crisis of the 1880s, many peasants were compelled to emigrate abroad as an alternative to traditional employment. Most emigrants eventually returned home and purchased a piece of lands. This disproves the contention that the emigration led to a general proletarialization of the peasants. While returnees with a lot of savings were able to become independent farmers, those who had not saved enough were forced to emigrate again, often permanently. In this way, the emigration charged the traditional subsistence economy and polarized the peasant structure of the area.

著者

諸田 實

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.4, pp.475-476, 2001-11-25 (Released:2017-06-16)

著者

山口 彌一郎

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.50-58, 1955-08-20 (Released:2017-09-23)

著者

白井 泉

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.84, no.1, pp.71-94, 2018 (Released:2020-05-26)

著者

下谷 政弘

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.1, pp.126-129, 1986-05-25 (Released:2017-11-22)

著者

谷山 英祐

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.2, pp.131-150, 2008-07-25 (Released:2017-07-22)

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本稿の課題は,制度が経済発展に重要な役割を果たすという視点から,横浜居留地における生糸取引の制度を分析することである。その分析を通じて,経済史研究において重要なトピックであった『連合生糸荷預所事件』の経済的意義を明らかにした。開港直後から生糸輸出は急増したが,輸出が増大するにつれ日本産生糸の品質低下が問題となった。この品質低下の要因は,取引相手を騙すといった不正取引にあった。それに対処するために外国商館は「拝見」という検査制度とともに「私商標」を確立させたのであった。しかし,「拝見」という検査制度には,外国商館の恣意的な取引という問題が存在した。公的な裁判制度が確立していない時期において,これらの取引上の問題に対して生糸売込商は組織化することでそれに対応した。さらに,外国商館に変わり売込商が生糸検査・選別を行うことを目的として,生糸改会社や連合生糸荷預所が設立された。『連合生糸荷預所事件』で争われたのは,生糸検査によって生ずるプレミアムの分配であった。

著者

服部 春彦

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.57, no.4, pp.514-533, 1991-11-25 (Released:2017-07-01)

著者

鴋澤 歩

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.67, no.2, pp.125-148, 2001-07-25 (Released:2017-06-16)

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The aim of this paper is to investigate the employment relationships of the civil servants (Beamte) in the Prussian State railway during the period from 1840 to 1870 when the German-Prussian railway system was under construction. Jurgen KOCKA's point about the close relationship between the 'pre-modern' bureaucracy and the 'modern' traffic sector in Germany deserves a thorough investigation. In this paper, the aim is therefore to investigate in detail the employment relationships of middle- and low-ranking civil servants in the Prussian State railways. The results of my social-historical examination of the 'exceptional' appointment of State railway civil servants indicate that the traditional systems of employment in the Prussian bureaucracy could not have been accepted by the railway sector without self-adjustment to a system that was more suitable to the introduction of the new technologies of the time. Contrary to KOCKA's view, the institutional problems of the early Prussian State railway could not be solved in the short term or without considerable friction; in addition it was necessary to seek assistance from outside the traditional bureaucratic system.

著者

内藤 隆夫

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.4, pp.389-411,483, 2000-11-25 (Released:2017-08-14)

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Hoden Oil Company grew through a strategy of merging other mining companies. Success in mining led to high profits, which led to high dividends, which caused the capital to increase and made possible mergers through the issue of stock, with an expansion of the scale of business as the end result. When Hoden Oil achieved mergers with refining and wholesale companies in a process known as daigodo (amalgamation), it became one of the leaders of the Japanese oil industry, on a scale rivalling Nippon Oil Company. Soon, however, its production rate of crude oil began to reach a ceiling, signalling that its growth strategy was coming to an end. However, the company continued to pursue the strategy of mergers, expansion and capital increase, until in 1909 the discovery of falsified accounts brought disaster. The next year saw the beginning of reforms known as naibu seiri. Professional managers were introduced and, most important, the growth strategy was changed to one based on gradual advances through technical innovations in mining.

著者

ドンゼ ピエール=イブ

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.3, pp.407-423, 2011-11-25 (Released:2017-05-19)

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本稿では,服部時計グループを事例として,日本における高精度時計の大量生産の成立過程を,戦時期から1950年代を中心に,その前史たる戦前期の状況にも言及しながら分析する。1920年代以降,服部時計による小型時計生産は拡大をとげたが,生産されたのはスイス時計の模倣品であり,またその生産において,同社は中核部品と工作機械をスイス等の国外に依存していた。敗戦後,同社は軍需品生産の経験を持つ大卒エンジニアを採用し,互換性部品に基づく高精度時計の大量生産を目指した。同社や関連の企業は,産官学の連携に基づく共同研究の成果にも支えられ,1950年代半ばに,部品の互換性と,中核部品や工作機械の国産化を実現した。これにより同社は,技術的な対外依存から解放された。1956年に同社が開発した腕時計(Marvel)は,互換性に基づく大量生産品であるにもかかわらず,スイス製品並みの高い精度を誇り,1970年代に同社がクォーツ革命という製品革新を実現するまで,同社の国際競争力を支えた。

著者

鈴木 勇一郎

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.6, pp.614-616, 2009-03-25 (Released:2017-07-22)

著者

峰岸 純夫

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.52, no.1, pp.113-116, 1986-05-25 (Released:2017-11-22)