著者

武居 良明

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.4, pp.311-334, 1974-12-25 (Released:2017-11-29)

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Most Japanese scholars of English economic history, specialists of the Industrial Revolution, have concentrated their attention upon the economic development of England at that time. The author has, however, maintained that it was also necessary for them to pay attention to such aspects of the Industrial Revolution as the public health problem, the pollution of air and river, urbanization, and so on, other than the economic development alone, since the Industrial Revolution, which was brought about by the rapid growth of the "productive power", changed the society from top to toe. The author, investigating the relation between the "Chadwick's Report of 1842" and the Public Health Act of 1848, wondered why the Act was treated in so cold a way and repealed, at last, in 1854, in spite of the filthy and unhealthy living conditions of the working class. And he has found out the strained relation between the Board of General Health and Local Authorities. Though the solution of the public health problem was put off untill as late as 1870's, the Victorian people defended the self-government of borough against the central control of the government.

著者

張 允貞

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.78, no.3, pp.361-377, 2012-11-25 (Released:2017-06-15)

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日本は石油資源に恵まれない国で,海外石油の確保は戦前期を一貫して日本にとって重大な懸案事項であり続けた。とりわけ,1930年代後半に入るとアメリカ石油の安定的輸入の見通しが不透明になる中で,日本にとっては蘭印石油の確保が喫緊の課題となった。そこで,日本政府はこの問題を解決すべく,1940年9月に「日蘭石油交渉」に乗り出した。本稿の課題は日蘭石油交渉を蘭印側の立場から検討し,その対日石油輸出方針を明らかにすることである。本稿での分析の結果,明らかになったことは次の2点てある。第1に,交渉開始以前において蘭印政府は,日本向けの石油輸出増加に前向きな判断を示しており,その方針は決して消極的なものではなかった。第2に,交渉過程における蘭印側方針の特徴は,状況の推移に応じて方針の変化はあるものの,常に日本に対する一定の配慮を忘れていないことである。蘭印側は航空燃料につき「皆無」の回答を提出した代わりに,日本側の要求していない品目を自ら進んで提示してきた。交渉における成約量はそれ以前の蘭印の対日石油輸出量に比べれば,例年より3〜4倍の輸出増加を意味するものであった。

著者

小野 浩

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.72, no.1, pp.47-67, 2006-05-25 (Released:2017-08-09)

参考文献数

80

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This paper aims to clarify the circumstances of the housing problem in Tokyo after Kanto Daishinsai [the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923] mainly in relation to the supply and demand on the rental housing market. Based on the marked increase in housing demand following the earthquake, excessive housing investments were made in the suburbs of Tokyo city. However, the increase in housing supply in Tokyo city, on the one hand, and the increase in tenants due to intensification of the recession, on the other, widened the gap between supply and demand by area. The focus of the housing problem shifted from an absolute lack of housing into a problem of affordability. By the end of the 1920s, dissatisfaction intensified among low-income tenants who were shut out of the private rental housing market. From 1929 to 1930, rental rates decreased in general under the influence of a decline in prices and a movement for rent reduction.

著者

宮下 孝吉

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.5, pp.421-440, 1956

著者

安藤 玉治

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.2, pp.205-221, 1942-05-15 (Released:2017-12-28)

著者

阿部 誠士

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.6, pp.730-733, 1982

著者

景浦 直孝

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学

巻号頁・発行日

vol.13, no.10, pp.1021-1024, 1944

著者

幸田 亮一

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.75, no.6, pp.629-648, 2010-03-25 (Released:2017-05-24)

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第二次大戦中に軍需生産を支え活況を呈したドイツの工作機械工業は,敗戦後,一転して危機の時代を迎えた。本稿の課題は,ドイツ工作機械工業が経験した困難の実態はいかなるもので,復興はいかにして可能だったのかを,旧西ドイツ地域を中心に,連合国の政策転換を踏まえつつ,個別企業の具体的動向を含めて解明することである。本稿の結論は以下のとおりである。第1に,戦災ならびに戦後のデモンタージュ(設備撤去)は,短期的には大きな損害を個別企業に及ぼしたものの,長期的に見ると過剰設備の除去と新市場の創出をもたらした。第2に,通貨改革と租税改革は直接的に,マーシャルプランは見返り資金という形で間接的に工作機械企業の復興を促した。第3に,立地の変化を見ると,ソ連占領地区から逃避・移転した企業により,西部ドイツ,西南部ドイツの比重が増大した。総じて,このような困難期を乗り越えることができたのは,東側から西側へ移転した複数のメーカーの事例が端的に示すように,長年にわたり築かれてきた知的・人的蓄積であったといえる。

著者

鎮目 雅人

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.77, no.1, pp.25-47, 2011-05-25 (Released:2017-05-24)

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両大戦間期日本のマクロ経済政策に関する研究は,従来から蓄積が厚く,さらに1990年代以降の日本におけるデフレーションと経済成長停滞を受けて,現代にも通じる政策的含意を持った歴史的経験として改めて脚光を浴びることとなり,近年における理論・計量経済学の分野における知見を採り入れる試みもなされるようになってきている。本稿では,最近の経済理論・計量分析の知見も取り入れつつ,商品先物市場の価格データならびに業界誌に掲載された当時の市場関係者の見方から,両大戦間期日本の市場参加者の物価変動に関する予想形成の定式化を試みる。分析の結果,市場参加者は,将来の価格に関する予想形成において,主として内外価格差の動きに着目していた一方,国内金融・財政政策の影響については,これが先行きの物価に大きな影響を与えるとは認識していなかったことが示される。このことは,市場参加者が,閉鎖経済ないし変動相場制下の開放経済ではなく,固定為替相場制下の開放小国経済を前提に,意思決定を行っていたことを示唆している。

著者

金井 圓

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.3, pp.324-335, 1963

著者

高田 倫子

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.4, pp.401-417, 2007-11-25 (Released:2017-06-09)

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本稿では,日本の出土状況に個別発見貨論を適用するための具体化を行った上で,中世から近世初期における中国地方におけるデータを収集・分析し,すでに検討を加えている九州地方における個別発見貨データと合わせて考察する。結論として,個別発見貨概念適用の主たる成果は,備蓄銭慣習開始以前の中国地方における銭貨流通の実質性を検出したことにある。これは,すでに九州地方における個別発見貨データから示された結果や,小畑による廃棄・遺棄銭の研究成果とも共通している。さらに,九州地方における銭貨流通の展開が,中国地方におけるそれと比較して,より早期から見られることが分かった。また,銭種構成に関して,個別発見貨,備蓄銭,廃棄・遺棄銭のデータの間に,同様の傾向が見られる中で,無文銭や洪武通宝といった特定の銭種について,小倉や石見銀山など一部の地域に突出して出土する現象が見られた。今後も,残された諸課題を追究しながら,現在日本貨幣史の主要な諸問題の解明に,個別発見貨資料の分析を通じて寄与していきたい。

著者

桜井 信哉

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.4, pp.486-511,568, 1996-11-25 (Released:2017-09-28)

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In the early modern period, debasement of the coinage was a significant way of re-establishing national finances, and one important way of doing so was to give the units used to weigh coins a face value. Both the ryo and the pound, for example, started out as weight units but turned into units of currency. This article shows how Daikoku Saku'uemon, a Bakufu-authorized coin maker, proposed to make the monme, a weight unit for silver, into a monetary unit in the Bunsei period (1818-30). The silver coins which Daikoku proposeed during the Bunsei period were the 43monme silver coin, for use in gift-giving, and the 50-me silver coin, for commercial use. Despite their nominal values, both were to weigh only 16 monme. This scheme is thought to have originated in the Bunka period (1804-18), but has also been detected in the Tempo period (1830-44). It would therefore seem that Daikoku had been making prorosals to the kanjosho (Ministry of Finance) for more than twenty years. The scheme proposed in the Tempo period was to involve not only a silver coin of high denomination, like the 43 monme or the 50-me, but also one of low denomination, such as a 2.5-monme or a 5-monme unit. In other words, Daikoku planned further debasement of the coinage even after the Bunsei debasement, through a radical nominalisation of the monme. Daikoku's proposals were made in an attempt to win back the recoinage responsibilities which he had lost after taking a negative attitude towards the recoinage plans of the Meiwa period (1764-72). However, the proposals were rejected by the kanjosho, probably because it was feared that usage of silver coins would grow even more complex.

著者

栗本 慎一郎

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:24239283)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.4, pp.323-341,426-42, 1979-01-10 (Released:2017-11-24)

著者

松井 真喜子

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.1, pp.3-24, 2005-05-25 (Released:2017-06-09)

参考文献数

149

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The purpose of this paper is to examine mail-coach services during the British Industrial Revolution and to consider their role in the integration of regional economies. The first section of the paper investigates postal services before the introduction of mail coaches in 1784. Since the end of the 17th century, when a wider market began to emerge, the post had been playing an important role in transmitting business correspondence and bills to distant places, thus enabling companies to expand the sphere of their activities nationwide. The quality of postal services was, however, quite poor because their operations were monopolized by the government. The second section of the paper examines the development of the mail-coach network and changes in postal services. Examination of manuscripts of the General Post Office and commercial directories indicate that a close-knit and extensive network was established by the 1820s and that speed, reliability, and safety of the postal services were substantially improved. In conclusion, the significance of mail-coach services was that by transmitting intelligence and money, difficulties posed by time and distance were overcome and the basis for the integration of regional economies was formed. It is noteworthy that the growth of the banking system paralleled the development of mail-coach services. Mail coaches also helped the social and cultural integration of regions as a medium for communication.

著者

桃木 至朗

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.74, no.2, pp.210-212, 2008-07-25 (Released:2017-07-22)

著者

川本 和良

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.59, no.4, pp.572-575, 1993

著者

中島 俊克

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.73, no.4, pp.435-442, 2007

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近年フランスでも,環境史への関心が高まってきているが,ここにきて成果の刊行が相次いだ。その一端を以下に紹介することとしたい。自然環境の歴史というのは元来,きわめて長期にわたる微細な変化を対象とする分野で,地質学者・考古学者が活躍する舞台となっていたが,環境考古学がここ数十年の間に長足の進歩を遂げたことから,まず古代史家・中世史家が,ついで近現代を専門とする歴史家までもが多数参入するに至った。このあたりの事情はフランスでもあまり他国と変わらないが,そうした流れが地理学研究の伝統と結びついているのが,あえて言えばフランスの特色であろう。よく知られているように,フランスの歴史研究とくに社会経済史研究は元来,歴史地理学と密接な関係を有しており,筆者を含む経済史家の多くは自然地理学者と手を携えながら仕事をしてきた。現代の環境問題を反映させた研究を経済史家が行おうとするとき,この関係は大いに役立つこととなったのである。こうした伝統を受け,フランスの環境史研究はわずかな間に,ここで紹介するのが不可能なほど大量の地域モノグラフィを生み出してきた。そうしたモノグラフィの蓄積をふまえ,それらを一望の下に見渡そうとする総合の試みも出現し始めている。論文集や研究集会記録の刊行,包括的な性格の著作の出現,史料案内の編纂などである。それらのうちから,筆者がとくに重要と考えるものを以下にとりあげる。

著者

川勝 平太

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.2, pp.123-154, 1981-08-30 (Released:2017-07-15)

被引用文献数

1

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One of the pivots of the world payments mechanism for the forty years before the First World War was Britain's ability to maintain a deficit on her visible trade with Europe and the United States, a deficit which she balanced by means of a surplus with Asia. This Asian surplus, on visible trade, came largely from exports of Lancashire's cotton textiles to the Asian markets. In India, as early as 1834-35, the Governor General of India reported (quoted in Das Kapital with the source unrecorded):-'The misery hardly finds a parallel in the history of commerce. The bones of the cotton-weavers are bleaching the plains of India.' Marx, perhaps with a similar thought in mind, stated in the Communist Manifesto, 'The cheap prices of its (the bourgeoisie's) commodities are the heavy artillery, with which it batters down all Chinese walls.' Under the influence of this sort of view, it has been argued for many years that the importation of British cotton textiles destroyed the handicraft industry in the Far East, or pushed it to the brink of collapse. The present article is an attempt to reassess this traditional view. Some statistical evidence which we present indicates the survival or even the growth of the handicraft weaving industry in the Far East, despite the increase in imports of British textiles. Recent empirical studies on the handicraft industry in each country in the Far East also corroborate this statistical fact. The basic issue then is how the handicraft industry of 'backward' Asia survived the impact of the 'advanced' West. To be more precise, what were the competitive advantages of Far Eastern textiles over British textiles? The traditional view has placed much weight upon relative factor prices, assuming, in its simplest form, a state of perfect competition between two types of textiles. It has not been proved yet, however, if these two cloths were directly competitive in price. Now that the author has collected a series of price data for the major varieties of respective textiles sold upon the Tokyo market, it is possible to re-examine the established view. The result of my price comparison contradicts the prevailing assumption mentioned above. The outcome has also an important implication regarding the position of British textiles in the Far Eastern markets at large, which was indeed similar to that in Japan, i.e., they did not sell well despite their cheaper prices. This was in marked contrast to the Indian textile markets. The population of India was about 260 m. and she consumed about 40 per cent. of the total British exports of cotton textiles. The Far East, on the other hand, where the population was twice as great as that of India, never took more than 15 per cent, of the British exports of textiles. It is clear at least that an explanation in terms of price alone fails to explain why the Far Eastern weavers held their own against British competition. A new explanation is to be explored. Based upon some descriptive evidence, the author tries to establish differences in qualities between British and Far Eastern cotton goods, in particular, cotton yarns. For cotton yarn is a feature by which the quality of cotton textiles are distinguished, and moreover it is subject to an accurate classification by the 'counts' which indicate the fineness of yarn. The counts of yarns typically used in Britain are examined in order to contrast them with those of the Far Eastern yarns. The estimation of the qualities of yarns will be a crucial part of the paper. Our analysis will show that the quality of yarns utilised in the Far East in the late nineteenth century was clearly distinguishable from that of the bulk of cotton yarns manufactured in Britain. The basic distinction in the qualities among British and Far Eastern cotton goods is represented schematically below:- [table] It was the persistent preference of(View PDF for the rest of the abstract.)

著者

岡崎 哲二 澤田 充

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.3, pp.275-296, 2003-09-25 (Released:2017-06-16)

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In this paper we examine the effects of bank consolidations on the financial system in prewar Japan, when the first large-scale bank merger movement took place. Our analysis focusses on governance structure and performance. With respect to the former, we found that in cases of absorption, where one participant was dominant, consolidations had the effect of removing unfavorable director interlocking between banks and their related firms. This finding is particularly significant, because it sheds light on the process by which the pervasive tendency towards 'insider lending' found in countries in the early stages of economic development disappears. With respect to the latter, we confirmed that consolidations had a positive impact on deposit growth, but not on profitability. The positive impact on deposit growth was significant for the stability of the financial system in prewar Japan, because the lack of a deposit insurance system meant that the financial system was continuously exposed to the risk of bank runs.

著者

木下 太志

出版者

社会経済史学会

雑誌

社会経済史学 (ISSN:00380113)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.66, no.4, pp.369-388,483, 2000-11-25 (Released:2017-08-14)

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Although recent studies by Japanese historical demographers have enormously enriched our knowledge of the fertility and mortality of Tokugawa peasants, their migration patterns still remain poorly understood. Using the shumon aratarne-cho (religious registration records) of Yambe, a village in northeastern Japan, this article clarifies several critical aspects of migration in the Tokugawa period. The main findings can be summarized as follows : (1) The gross migration rate of Yambe was relatively high, 46 per thousand per year. But in-migration and out-migration offset each other, and thus net migration made very little impact on the village population. (2) Marriage and employment as servants (hoko) were the dominant reasons for migration. Both reveal distinct patterns as do the movements of males and females. (3) The number of migrants declined precipitously after about 1840, because servants (hoko-nin) were replaced by day laborers (hiyatoi). (4) The age profile of migration showed a sharp peak from the upper teens to the lower twenties, because marriage and hoko were concentrated in these age groups. The male profile peaked at a higher age than the female profile. (5) The average distance of migration was 4 km, and almost all migration took place within a radius of 10 km from Yambe. Villagers tended to migrate farther away for marriage than for hoko.