著者

柳田 晃良

出版者

日本脂質栄養学会

雑誌

脂質栄養学 (ISSN:13434594)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.2, pp.171-183, 2018 (Released:2018-09-21)

参考文献数

46

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Food factors are considered to be critical for health promotion and play an important role in the prevention of life-style related diseases. Metabolic syndrome is typical common disease, such as abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, hypertension and diabetes mellitus that contribute to increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Metabolic syndrome is closely linked with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and cognitive disorder and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The quality and quantity of dietary lipids have been recognized as contributing factors in the development and prevention of these diseases. Recent evidences suggest the preventive role of dietary bioactive lipids. We review the beneficial effects of CLA, n-3LCPUFA and phospholipids on metabolic syndrome and related diseases such as fatty liver and insulin resistance. Phospholipids have been reported to provide beneficial effects against neurodegenerative disorders, including dementia, AD, Parkinson’s disease and age-related cognitive decline. The studies suggest that n-3 LCPUFA-phospholipids prevent the memory loss and the cognitive disorders. In conclusion, functional bioactive lipids may apply as supplements and/or functional food ingredients to relieve metabolic syndrome and neurodegenerative diseases.

著者

奥山 治美 浜 六郎 大櫛 陽一 浜崎 智仁 内野 元

出版者

日本脂質栄養学会

雑誌

脂質栄養学 (ISSN:13434594)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.1, pp.30-38, 2018 (Released:2018-07-16)

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An open-label, randomized controlled trial in type 2 diabetics with hypertension, dyslipidemia, or both was reported (J-DOIT3 study).The participants were randomly assigned to receive conventional or intensive therapy with respect to HbA1c, blood pressure and LDL-C (n=1,271 in each group),and were followed for 8.5 years at 81 clinical sites. Both the participants and doctors in charge were aware of the group assigned. The experimental design was essentially as recommended in the [Comprehensive risk management chart for the prevention of cerebro- and cardiovascular diseases 2015] from the Joint Committee consisted of 13 internal medicine-related societies in Japan, and the Japan Atherosclerotic Society Guidelines 2017. Therefore, the conclusion from the J-DOIT3 study is expected in medical field to affect the current and future medications for the prevention of atherosclerotic cerebro- and cardiovascular diseases (ASCVD).While analyzing the results of this study,we encountered serious problems associated with the methodology, logics and its interpretations, which were summarized in this review. The follow-up study appears to be in progress as described in the Discussion, but we interpret that the intensive therapy used in the J-DOIT3 study is risky in view of currently available evidence. We propose the authors of the study to let the participants know of the results on its objective endpoint, and newly obtain Informed Consents including the potential risks of the intensive intervention based on the progress in this field after the start of this study.

著者

大櫛 陽一 浜 六郎 浜崎 智仁 内野 元

出版者

日本脂質栄養学会

雑誌

脂質栄養学 (ISSN:13434594)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.1, pp.39-47, 2018 (Released:2018-07-16)

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A nationwide multicenter randomized controlled study (JDCS) was performed in type-2 diabetes patients. The conventional (CON) group received usual care including anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive and anti-hyperlipidemic agents to maintain their targeted levels, and the intervention (INT) group additionally received intensive education on lifestyle modifications and adherence to treatment by telephone counselling and at each time outpatient clinic visit for 8 years. The JDCS appears to be based on an assumption that usual treatment of diabetes is appropriate for the prevention of diabetes complications, and that the lack of patients’ compliance is the major cause of unsuccessful treatments. No significant differences between the two groups were found in most of the test results (BMI, blood pressure, fasting glucose level, TC, HDL, lipoprotein-a), use of agents, life style (energy intake, smoking and alcohol intake) at 4 years of intervention. The exercise level was higher at 5 years of intervention, and triglyceride level was lower at 8 years. The incidence of coronary heart disease, retinopathy and neuropathy did not differ significantly between the two groups, but stroke incidence was lower in the INT group. We conducted new analyses on the changes of some explanatory variables in each group. The proportion of participants with pharmacological treatment including insulin significantly increased in both groups except sulfonylureas which about 60% of the participants used at the baseline. On the other hand, those without pharmacological treatment decreased from 19% to 4% in both groups. These indicate that both groups failed in diabetes treatment together. As for the exercise and the smoking cessation, these may prevent stroke, but do not contribute to improvement of diabetes. It is not convincing enough for us to support the validity of publicizing the treatment of diabetes patients used in the JDCS study performed at 59 universities and general hospitals in Japan.

著者

菅原 詩緒理

出版者

日本脂質栄養学会

雑誌

脂質栄養学 (ISSN:13434594)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.1, pp.7-13, 2018 (Released:2018-07-16)

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Lifestyle diseases such as cancer, heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, are the three leading causes of death among the Japanese, and the prevention of lifestyle diseases is an important issue in Japan. Daily high energy intake and high fat diet are involved in the onset of lifestyle diseases, and nutritional therapy is important for the prevention of lifestyle diseases. Nutritional therapy for lifestyle diseases is based on scientific data which is important to be established. The authors found that lipid nutrition for insulin resistance and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) from the association of physical measurement, clinical data, nutrient intake and plasma fatty acid composition. As a result, it was suggested that the low levels of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (n-3 PUFA) in plasma phospholipid may be related to insulin resistance, and the decrease in n-3 PUFA intake was also involved in the rise in n-6/n-3 ratio. It was also suggested that increasing NAFLD Score not only reduces energy intake, but also increases fish and n-3 PUFA intakes. The clarification that n-3 PUFA intakes of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid is involved in the prevention and improvement of lifestyle related diseases in elucidating the nutritional therapy of lipids in lifestyle related diseases has revealed the importance of lipid nutrition in lifestyle related diseases. It is thought that it contributes to the establishment of nutritional therapy of lipid.

著者

奥山 治美 笠本 進一 浜崎 智仁

出版者

日本脂質栄養学会

雑誌

脂質栄養学 (ISSN:13434594)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.27, no.1, pp.21-29, 2018-03-31 (Released:2018-07-16)

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The Japan Atherosclerosis Society Guidelines for the Prevention of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Diseases (JASGL) were based on “the lower, the better” hypothesis. However, we published Cholesterol Guidelines for Longevity 2010 based on the fact that cholesterol levels are inversely associated with all-cause mortality among general populations aged at 40 years and over. Here, we summarized the mechanisms of atherogenesis caused by statins and some types of vegetable oils with strokestimulating activity in the rat; they inhibit the VK1-VK2- osteocalcin target organs link, leading to artery calcification and lifestyle-related diseases. The mainstay of JASGL 2017 is the Suita study published in 2014, which is much smaller than the previous epidemiological study, NIPPONDATA 80, for JASGL 2012. Besides, the total and cardiovascular mortality of the study has not been published yet. We found some terrible mathematical errors that cannot be simple calculation mistakes. For example, deleting some study subjects actually increased the number of male participants instead. It is likely that no consistent epidemiological studies are available any more to JAS to protect their cholesterol hypothesis. JASGL 2017 calculated risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in Japan where the incidence is very low. Then the story was fabricated to protect their notion that even the group with a very low risk in the world standard was classified as middle to high risk groups of CAD, which can lead to unnecessary medication. The GLs are disguised as those based on the cholesterol hypothesis; actually it became very clear that they are simply selling tools for statins.

著者

河田 照雄

出版者

日本脂質栄養学会

雑誌

脂質栄養学 (ISSN:13434594)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.7-15, 2014 (Released:2014-05-01)

参考文献数

40

被引用文献数

1

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White adipose tissue configures body fat, while brown adipose tissue (brown fat: BAT) is the only cell in the human body engaged in specialized in heat production. Loss and depression of BAT, which actively consume fat (triacylglyceride), have been shown to cause lifestyle-related diseases such as obesity and diabetes associated with it. Food and nutrition ingredients play a dominant role in BAT thermogenesis and energy metabolism. Especially, some ingredients activate BAT via the transient receptor potential-sympathetic nervous system. These results are expected to apply on anti-obesity treatment. This article reviews the major advances in the field of diet-induced thermogenesis and food ingredients.

著者

奥山 治美 浜崎 智仁 大櫛 陽一

出版者

日本脂質栄養学会

雑誌

脂質栄養学 (ISSN:13434594)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, no.1, pp.79-88, 2014 (Released:2014-05-01)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1

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Previous cholesterol guidelines for the prevention of CHD were based on "the lower, the better" hypothesis, setting upper LDL-C limits and treating patients to maintain their cholesterol levels below the targets, as seen in the ATP 3 issued from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) and that issued from the Japan Atherosclerosis Society (JAS GL). We published a new cholesterol guideline for longevity (JSLN GL 2010), in which evidence was presented that a high cholesterol level is not a causative factor of CHD but is a predictor of longevity among general populations over 40-50 years of age. Recently, a long-waited revision of the ATP 3 was published from the NHLBI in conjunction with the American College of Cardiology and the American Heart Association (ACC/AHA GL 2013), in which "setting targets to treating patients with statins" and "the lower, the better hypothesis" were abandoned because of the lack of clinical evidence. However, both the JAS GL 2012 and ACC/AHA GL 2013 brought about estimated 10-year CHD (ASCVD) risk mainly based on NIPPON DATA 80 and NHLBI-supported studies, respectively, resulting in increased estimated number of subjects to be treated with statins. Here, we point out that the estimated 10-year risks are not usable because they are not evidence-based. Moreover, we summarize biochemical mechanisms underlying the statin actions to increase heart failure, diabetes mellitus and other diseases after long-term treatments. The cases for which statins, all mitochondrion-toxic, are applicable should be extremely restricted.

著者

印南 敏 和田 俊

出版者

日本脂質栄養学会

雑誌

脂質栄養学 (ISSN:13434594)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.1, pp.7-15, 1995-04-05 (Released:2009-04-10)

参考文献数

47

被引用文献数

1

著者

辻 悦子 辻 啓介

出版者

日本脂質栄養学会

雑誌

脂質栄養学 (ISSN:13434594)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.7, no.1, pp.56-65, 1998-03-25 (Released:2009-04-10)

参考文献数

12

被引用文献数

1 2

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日本人の脂肪摂取の長期間の推移を知るために,1952年から1995年度までの44年間の国民栄養調査成績から脂肪酸摂取量や脂肪酸摂取比率を算出した。その結果,次のような知見が得られた。1 44年間で脂肪摂取量は3倍に,総脂肪酸摂取量は3.1倍に増加した。2動物性脂肪:植物性脂肪:魚類由来脂肪は,1952年は0.6:3.7:1であり,1995年には4.1:5.4:1で,摂取比率では動物性脂肪が増加し植物性脂肪は減少した。3飽和脂肪酸:一価不飽和脂肪酸:多価不飽和脂肪酸は1952年の1:1:1.5から1995年には1:1.1:1と変化した。4 44年間で飽和脂肪酸は3.5倍,一価不飽和脂肪酸は3.9倍,多価不飽和脂肪酸は2.2倍の増加で,飽和や一価不飽和脂肪酸の増加は肉類摂取の影響が大きかった。5 n-6/n-3,リノール酸/α-リノレン酸は1952年ではそれぞれ4.1,8.6で,1995年では4.7,8.8であった。6総脂肪酸量に占めるリノール酸やα-リノレン酸の割合は,1995年では1952年よりも減少していた。7 n-6系多価不飽和脂肪酸の供給源は油脂類,n-3系多価不飽和脂肪酸の供給源は魚類が1位であった。8摂取する油脂類として,植物油を各種に置換してn-6/n-3を算出すると,n-3系多価不飽和脂肪酸,特にα-リノレン酸の多い植物油ではn-6/n-3は低下した。

著者

永田 良隆

出版者

Japan Society for Lipid Nutrition

雑誌

脂質栄養学 (ISSN:13434594)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.5, no.1, pp.55-67, 1996

著者

室田 誠逸

出版者

日本脂質栄養学会

雑誌

脂質栄養学 (ISSN:13434594)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4, no.2, pp.135-135, 1995-08-11 (Released:2009-04-10)

著者

池本 敦

出版者

日本脂質栄養学会

雑誌

脂質栄養学 (ISSN:13434594)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.21, no.1, pp.17-25, 2012 (Released:2012-04-29)

参考文献数

26

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Rats fed n-3 fatty acid deficient diet through two generations exhibit decreased correct response ratios in a brightness-discrimination learning test. This is associated with a decreased docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) to arachidonic acid (AA) ratio in brain lipids. The altered learning behavior associated with a long-term n-3 deficiency was reversed by supplementing DHA after weaning only when the levels of competing n-6 fatty acids in the diet and brain lipids are limited. Endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) levels were significantly elevated in the brain of n-3 deficient rats. We evaluated the effect of cannabinoid receptor CB1 antagonist SR141716A (SR) on the learning behavior. SR did not ameliorate the decreased learning performance in the n-3 deficient rats. However, the increased locomotor activity by n-3 deficiency was suppressed by SR. Therefore, the altered behavior is associated with, at least in part, the endocannabinoid signaling. We also found the decreased nerve growth factor (NGF) content and the increased level of the activated form of calmodulin kinase II in the hippocampus of n-3 deficient rats. DHA has an essential role in biomembrane structure and functions, which affect the cellular signaling related to learning behavior.

著者

広瀬 信義 新井 康通 稲垣 宏樹 小島 俊男

出版者

日本脂質栄養学会

雑誌

脂質栄養学 (ISSN:13434594)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.1, pp.19-31, 2008 (Released:2009-02-17)

参考文献数

6

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In order to know how to live longer and healthy, we conducted centenarian study with multidisciplinary approach since 2000. We presented here the results of our study. The characteristics of centenarians are 1) low prevalence of diadetes mellitus, 2) frequency of illness is 97%,3) prevalence of dementia free and independent centenarian is 18%, 4)low level of albumin, 5) low-grade activation of inflammation, 6) high level of adiponectin. We proposed aging-inflammation hypothesis. Since centenarian is not the model of healthy longevity, we began to study semisupercentenarians (SSC). SSC are considered to be a real model of human longevity. Whole genome scan of both SSC and control group, is now in progress. We hope that longevity genes will identified within a few years.