著者

小林 建一

出版者

北海道大学高等教育推進機構

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

no.25, pp.23-36, 2018-03

---

The change of regulation concerning faculty meetings of university in the School Education Law has changed the administration of the university. The president has become able to make all of the administrative decisions of the university, because the president can freely deny the opinions of the faculty meeting. This is called the "ultimate decision-making authority" by the Ministry of Education. There is no definition or direct regulation of the decision-making authority in the School Education Law. This power is due to the interpretation of law by the Ministry of Education. The technique of interpretation is a fiction of law. This technique is strongly technical and arbitrary, indicating a limitation of the law. This fiction of the law is based on the theory that the ultimate decision-making power rests with the chief of an organization because the legislation concerning the power in the law of administrative organization is not sufficient. Practically, however, the chief cannot decide by himself and needs a consensus on the various steps in the administrative organization. The Ministry of Education says that the president has the power to decide because of his ultimate responsibility based on the principle of power corresponding with responsibility, but the relationship between decision-making authority and responsibility is complex, and not easy to clarify. We can understand it by considering the problem of legal responsibility, because someone must actually take responsibility in spite of not having the ultimate decision-making authority in the organization. Therefore, the power with responsibility needs a fictional explanation. The ultimate decision-making authority is a fiction of the law but is actually defined for the university by the Ministry of Education. Appropriate legislation is needed to prevent abuse of this fiction of the law with the understanding that the president's power of decision should be circumscribed within the constraints of political majority rule.

著者

石井 治恵

出版者

北海道大学高等教育推進機構高等教育研究部

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.1-9, 2019-04

---

Abstract - In Japan, universities have experienced an increase in the number of students seeking counseling services. While many university counseling centers perceive crisis management to be challenging, the crisis intervention literature only provides scattered evidence of its effectiveness and lacks a comprehensive classification of these interventions, making it difficult for university counseling centers to implement research-informed crisis management policies and plans. This paper presents a classification model of crisis intervention specific to university settings where three factors are displayed along the three axes of a cube. The axes consist of 3 stages of crisis, 3 scales of crisis intervention, and 3 foci of crisis intervention, resulting in 27 categories. Rationales and descriptions for these three axes are provided, followed by a discussion of the limitations and possible contributions of the cubic classification model.

著者

細川 敏幸 山田 邦雅 宮本 淳

出版者

北海道大学高等教育推進機構高等教育研究部

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.59-65, 2019-04

---

Abstract - The questionnaire on learning situations used by the University IR Consortium was introduced by Yamada et al. in 2004 with reference to the Cooperative Institutional Research Program (CIRP) used in the USA. A questionnaire based on the National Survey of Student Engagement (NSSE) used in USA was also introduced in Korea in 2009. The questionnaires (CIRP and NSSE) referred to in both countries have been gradually reorganizad after that, and there are several different parts. In this report, we focus on the CIRP compared with the other three questionnaires, and summarize recent trends in US questionnaire contents. This will assist in future discussions about the contents of student survey questionnaires.

著者

宇田川 拓雄

出版者

北海道大学高等教育推進機構高等教育研究部

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.25-33, 2019-04

---

Abstract - In 2017, the Japanese Goverment announced the plan of the New Policy for Human Development, aiming to reduce inequality and nurture the workforce needed for the development of 21st-century Japan. It includes tuition-free scholarships for low-income families, benefit-type scholarships, and income-linked repayment loans for university students. In contrast, a new, diffirent type of schlarship is in place in some states in the United States. In 2014, Governor Bill Haslam of Tennessee signed the Tennessee Promise Act, and it was implemented in 2015. It is a state scholarship that makes tuition for community colleges free for two years for all the first time students who attend any of the Tennessee community colleges. The completion rate for community colleges is only 25%. Why did the lawmakers decide to spend money on institutions of higher education with such low productivity? The Tennessee Promise has been an immense success and, by March 2018, fifteen states had followed Tennessee and enavted similar Promise-type programs. Today, in Japan, as well as in the United States, more than 50% of 18-yaer-olds attend college or university. We are at the universal stage of Martin Trow's model of higher education. Why free-tuition policies have appeared at this stage of universalization? In this paper, the author analyzes the features of Tennessee's free-tuition scholoarships and tries to explain the meaning of the program using Trow's model.

著者

亀野 淳

出版者

北海道大学高等教育推進機構

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, pp.137-144, 2017-03

---

This study revealed the relationship between generic skills of Hokkaido University students and their academic performance and employment. A progress report on generic skills (PROG) was used as a way of measuring these skills quantitatively and its results were linked with data obtained in a questionnaire survey on their career awareness. The findings included the following. (1) Although the literacy of Hokkaido University students was found to be high, their competency was found to be at roughly the same level as the national average. (2) Although no clear relationship was found between competency and academic performance, prospective employers tended to report higher satisfaction with students who had higher competency scores. (3) Although the competency score was high for students who were trying to act proactively and spontaneously, who were making efforts toward definite goals or who had high interest in other conntries, no relationship was found between competency and their enthusiasm in studies, club activities or part-time jobs.

著者

布施 泉 岡部 成玄 中西 通雄

出版者

北海道大学高等教育推進機構

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, pp.97-105, 2017-03

---

In a general information education class for freshmen of Hokkaido University, we used a CPU simulator in order to help students understand the calculation procedure on the CPU. The analysis of the results of a questionnaire concerning the course showed that understanding, interest and motivation with regard to the basic principles of computers were improved by solving exercises using the simulator in addition to textbook learning. As a result of the exercises, it was found that the material was useful not only to understand the principles of the CPU but to promote better understanding of “computational thinking.”

著者

池田 文人

出版者

北海道大学高等教育機能開発総合センター

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.147-154, 2007-12

---

Although the background for Finnish PISA (Professional for International Student Assessment) success has been discussed from various viewpoints, Finnish education’s view of knowledge has not been reported yet. Its view makes us aware of fundamental problems in Japanese education. In this paper, Finnish education’s view of knowledge and its knowledge acquisition processes are elucidated by comparing Finnish education and Japanese education. Based on this comparison, an improvement plan for Japanse education is discussed.

著者

松橋 博美 中村 秀夫 高久 元 伊田 勝憲 三浦 啓子 前田 輪音

出版者

北海道大学高等教育推進機構

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, pp.1-8, 2015-03

著者

田中 正弘

出版者

北海道大学高等教育推進機構

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.19, pp.45-51, 2012-03

---

This paper focuses on the new tuition fee system that was introduced in England in the academic year 2006-07. This system acts as an income-contingent loan: students are not required to pay tuition fees at the beginning of their study, but can start repaying them as tax when their income exceeds a fi xed amount after graduation from the university. In theory, this system gives students from lower income groups the opportunity to attend university because they do not need to provide a large amount of money at the beginning of their study. In addition, the remaining debt of those who fail to earn high lifetime incomes is remitted 25 (or 30) years after graduation, thereby relieving students of their anxiety over their debt. Hence, this paper suggests that this English tuition fee system can give us a fresh perspective in terms of the expansion of opportunities for students from lower income groups.