著者

中西 啓喜

出版者

北海道大学高等教育推進機構

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, pp.63-74, 2017-03

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This paper attempts to clarify the relationship of university studentsʼ performance with entrance examinations through panel data analysis. Martin Trow (1972) discussed on transition from elite to mass higher education with educational growth. However, he also wrote that some elite education sectors will remain in a mass higher education society. Therefore some elite education sectors or students would maintain their status. Many universities in Japan, including elite universities such as the national ones, have adopted methods for entrance examinations without written tests in these few years. Though Nakamura (2011) pointed out that expansion of the entrance system without the need to apply for entrance to specific faculties or courses of study should be recognized as ʠmass selection,ʡand that we must consider the effects of such systems on elite sectors. Therefore this paper examines how such entrance systems affect elite university students. The panel data used in this paper are from theʠSurvey of the career consciousness of high school students,ʡwhich were collected by questionnaire from 2005 through 2011. The purpose of the survey was to inquire about the career consciousness of high school students, and to follow-up their career situations. I analyzed the academic performance of university students using multiple regression analysis. The results suggested that the dummy variable of an entrance system without written examinations was not significant after controlling for high school rankings and individual academic tracks. In addition, the results showed that female students perfomed better than males in both of elite universities and others. Several recent British studies set the decline in academic achievement and exclusion from the labor market of male students as a social problem (Deborah 2006, Weiner et al. 1997). The results of this paper suggest that we should consider the linkage between the better performance in school and success in labor markets among Japanese women.

著者

櫻井 義秀

出版者

北海道大学高等教育機能開発総合センター

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.1-14, 2007-12

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On July 28, 2006 the Asahi Shimbun began to critically report the controversy about the Christian Gospel Mission (called “Setsuri” in Japan), and Japanese belatedly acknowledged cult problems on campus. Jung Myung Seok, the founder of this cult, was internationally arraigned by the Korean police on suspicion of rape of female disciples and he escaped overseas in 1999, finally being arrested in China on May 12, 2007. In Korea and Japan there are allegedly several hundred victims. Providence conducted controversial proselytization on campuses and got approximately two thousand members in Japan. They concealed actual information about Providence in terms of the theology, the founder, and organization and set up various sports and cultural circles camoufl aging its missionary work object. According to the investigation by Asahi News Company, former members of Providence, and the Student Affairs Division of Hokkaido University, Providence has a church in Sapporo and proselytizes on the Hokkaido University campus. Faculty members should realize the fact that students in Hokkaido University are exposed to their masked proselytization. We must also take measures to protect the students’ right to safely study on campus and their freedom of religion. So far there has been little academic research concerning Providence except for the authors’ report in the monthly Journal “Chuou Kouron,” issued in October, 2006, titled ‘How should we protect students from controversial campus missions.’ I conducted additional research into former members of Providence and herein I illustrate their beliefs and behavior not only for faculty members of Hokkaido University but also for all student affairs offi cials and professors to understand the actual nature of Providence and the risk of their free campus mission. The contents of this paper are as follows: Chapter 1 introduces the reports and investigations of Providence. Chapter 2 explains the history and theology of Providence. Chapter 3 analyzes the method of recruitment and proselytization of new members and their daily mission work. Chapter 4 discusses the controversial mission of Providence and its harmful effect on students. The last chapter proposes possible measures to confront the controversial mission on campus.

著者

細川 敏幸 山田 邦雅 宮本 淳

出版者

北海道大学高等教育推進機構

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, pp.69-73, 2018-05

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Japanese universities are recommended to introduce an assessment policy to certify the quality of education. The policy should have a checklist that shows the methods used to assess the degree of achievement of the diploma policy. We describe an example of the checklist in detail in this paper. It shows the important role of a survey of the students, including a questionnaire for alumni. It is important in this assessment that the survey uses common questionnaire items. It also should report the results of the assessment and ideas for educational reform. This will be the last step to create a PDCA cycle in our education system.

著者

宮本 淳 出口 寿久 伊藤 一馬 川西 奈津美 河野 未幸 鈴木 里奈 高原 めぐみ 中川 紗百合 柳川 仁美 細川 敏幸

出版者

北海道大学高等教育推進機構

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, pp.49-54, 2018-05

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Institutional research (hereafter referred to as “IR?) activities in Japanese universities have shifted from the introductory stage in which organizations were set up to the productive period of embodying their activities. The fundamental task of IR relating to education is to collect data from a questionnaire survey of students about their learning activities and various teaching data as provided by the university administrative office, and to thereby objectively determine the strengths and weaknesses of the university. Furthermore, it is important to promote detailed analysis by collaborating with each department in the university to make use of this in educational improvement. However, the IR organization structure varies depending on the university. Therefore, it is difficult to use a single educational evaluation model commonly applied to every university. For this reason, the IR staff at each university is seeking a number of concrete examples leading to educational improvement such as the type of data used, analysis examples, and useful procedures. In this paper, we report examples of IR seminars held by Hokkaido University through collaboration with the administrative staff and faculties. This is an important and meaningful example of one type of IR activity.

著者

池田 文人

出版者

北海道大学高等教育推進機構

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, pp.55-61, 2018-05

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All universities in Japan are required to evaluate three aspects of academic ability in a multifaceted and comprehensive manner in the entrance examination. The learner’s ability to ask questions is deeply involved in these elements. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a method to evaluate this ability. In this research, I divided the ability to ask questions into (1) the ability to notice implicit information and (2) the ability to express the information without bias in an adequate question form. I then verified the reliability of this method, which contained 12 evaluation viewpoints of the meta-model for each ability. There was insufficient reliability with either point 1 or 2 alone. However, sufficient reliability was obtained when the two were combined. I plan to improve the reliability of each evaluation item and proceed with the verification of each validation point as well.

著者

櫻井 義秀

出版者

北海道大学高等教育機能開発総合センター

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, pp.51-60, 2004

著者

山本 堅一

出版者

北海道大学高等教育推進機構

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, pp.185-190, 2017-03

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In active learning, we must focus on learners’ motivation to learn. Since we have both positive and negative motivation in each lecture, we should also be sure to study the negative type. When the negative motivation is stronger than the positive one, that learner will negatively influence other learners. This article focuses on the diversity of motivation. We try to create a new classification of motivation, and insist on the necessity of taking various way of dealing with it. There are many existing theories regarding motivation. But it is hard to motivate all learners by only following those theories. Sometimes instructors need to improve the atmosphere in the room, and sometimes there are problems that can be solved only by learners. It is important to consciously control learners’ motivation so that most learners can learn truly and cooperatively with others during a lecture.

著者

江本 理恵 後藤 尚人

出版者

北海道大学高等教育推進機構高等教育研究部

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, pp.75-81, 2023-03

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Iwate University has been operating a portfolio system termed “In Folio” since 2016, which has been serving as the driving force behind the institution's internal quality assurance system of education. It is designed to collect various types of information needed for internal quality assurance, accumulate records pertaining to student learning, and present the status of achievement to students. While establishing this system, discussions were held at the educational program level, including clarifying the relationship between the degree awarding policy and each of the subjects that make up the curriculum. However, discussions regarding improvement are ongoing based on the data. Based on this Iwate University initiative and previous studies, this paper proposes two points of view on building an internal quality assurance system for education: the first is to treat the system as a series of activities for improving university education, including, for example, FD, while the other is to collect and share data as much as possible. We suggest that this will advance discussions on substantive educational improvement strategies.

著者

茂住 和世

出版者

北海道大学高等教育推進機構高等教育研究部

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, pp.1-15, 2023-03

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This study refers to those students, provisionally called “Jizo”, who are present in group activities but do not (cannot) move autonomously and do not (appear to) contribute to the activities. These “Jizo” students are different from free riders who deliberately avoid work. This study aims to explore these students’ viewpoints and clarify the circumstances that led to their becoming “Jizo”. The interviewees were chosen students from four universities who attended PBL (project based learning) classes in the first semester of their first year. The responses were collected through semi-structured interviews. The data collected indicated that becoming a Jizo was a result of failing at problem-solving and the fact that it was a group activity. The former was due to 1) the inability to comprehend the business issues, and 2) “group thinking”. The latter was seen in situations of 1) staying silent because they can’t help it, 2) a sense of selfperipheralization, 3) avoidance of people they disliked, and 4) withholding power due to annoyance. Situations 1-3 were thought to be due to a lack of psychological safety and the lost feeling of personal causation. In addition to these situations, this study also demonstrated that to encourage active participation without allowing students to become Jizo, it is necessary to consider the phenomenon in which group activities progress without their involvement.

著者

山本 順司 徳永 彩未

出版者

北海道大学高等教育推進機構高等教育研究部

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, pp.15-23, 2022-03

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We investigated the factors affecting the overall evaluation (satisfaction and learning motivation) of a special subject at Hokkaido University to develop effective measures for improving classes in university education with the aim of cultivating a proactive student attitude toward learning. The findings were subjected to factor analysis, and classified into 4 types (teacher effort, class specifications, student effort, and teacher response). Covariance structure analysis was applied to examine the latent variables affecting the overall evaluation. Satisfaction was affected by the university's attitude, and learning motivation was affected by both the university's and students' attitudes. In other words, satisfaction can be easily improved by the efforts of the university itself, but to improve the learning motivation, it is necessary to stimulate the efforts of the students as well. According to multiple regression analysis, the learning motivation was affected by the degree to which teachers responded to students expressing their motivation, in addition to the enthusiasm of teachers. Therefore, to improve learning motivation, it will be effective for the university to not only provide an environment where students can easily ask questions and express their opinions, but also to continue to respond politely to their questions and opinions.

著者

岩間 徳兼

出版者

北海道大学高等教育推進機構高等教育研究部

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, pp.121-127, 2022-03

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High schools and secondary schools are major stakeholders in university entrance examinations. In order for the examinations to function properly, it is desirable for those schools and the university to understand each other’s activities and have a good relationship. This time, I planned regular surveys to achieve this. I gave them an interface function for exchanging opinions. In this paper, I report on the preliminary survey and the first main survey conducted in 2021. In the preliminary survey, I checked whether the purpose of main surveys would be acceptable by the school officials and confirmed several points that might cause problems in the implementation of the main surveys. The first main survey was conducted by utilizing the results of the preliminary survey, and no major problems were found in the implementation.

著者

布施 泉

出版者

北海道大学高等教育推進機構高等教育研究部

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, pp.113-120, 2022-03

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In this paper, we report on the practice of effective online lessons using the learner's program execution history and the web conferencing system. Online lessons aimed at completing tasks for a particular group of learners were performed using a web conferencing system. The teacher's materials were presented to learners. Learners were able to ask questions at any time. It was shown that the teacher could grasp the learner's condition and provide appropriate support by checking the learner's program execution history. In addition, it was shown that the lack of understanding of learners could be effectively pointed out even in a short time by providing opportunities for individual guidance using the web conferencing system. Compared to face-to-face lessons, online lessons in programming based on the execution history of the program can be effective while making clear the understanding status of the learners.

著者

山田 邦雅 宮本 淳 細川 敏幸

出版者

北海道大学高等教育推進機構高等教育研究部

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.26, pp.67-76, 2019-04

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Abstract - Institutional Research (IR) in higher education not only gathers information from within the instituiton, but also collects a wide range of data without limitation, connects the with the student ID as a key and adjusts data to a standard among universities. Data gathered via such a policy might be able to reveal new concepts that could not be shown clearly until now. In this paper, we focus on the characteristic patterns of the university students' lifestyles as a concept that has been hard to determine and made an attempt to simulate them using the data. Using IR data of the Universities IR Consortium that includes 40 universities, the universities were divided into 6 types of students. In some combinations of these types, there were large differences in questionnaire results. We ran a simulation to determine unique features of the university using data from Hokkaido University according to a policy in which the characteristics appeared based on reference points of the categories in the university.

著者

飯田 直弘 池田 文人 鈴木 誠 橋村 正悟郎 阿部 卓 上野 昌生 高桑 知哉 米内山 寛 吉岡 充弘

出版者

北海道大学高等教育推進機構

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.22, pp.109-121, 2015-03

著者

宇田川 拓雄

出版者

北海道大学高等教育推進機構

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, pp.107-116, 2017-03

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The Preparing Future Faculty (PFF) Initiative (1993-2002) is a project made possible through the partnership of the Council of Graduate Schools (CGS) and the Association of American Colleges and Universities (AAC&U). PFF is a training seminar for graduate students who desire to become professors. The initiative aims to develop useful models for PFF and to disseminate those models nationwide. The author conducted research on the experimental programs of four sociology departments, which were funded by the PFF Initiative in cooperation with the American Sociological Association (ASA). Only two sociology departments had active PFF programs; however, all four graduate schools had components of PFF programs in their curricula and graduation requirements. The PFF Initiative has succeeded in transforming the culture of graduate training. However, several problems have been identified with regard to faculty members. The primary goal for a junior professor is to earn tenure and a promotion. However, participating as partner faculty members in a PFF program may decrease junior professorsʼ research time and keep them from achieving their goals. Because the place of PFF in the professorship is unclear, it is sometimes considered to be a pro bono service activity in which only professors with little interest in aʠgenuineʡprofessorship participate. Using Burawoyʼs (2002) model of public sociology, Pescosolid (2008) redefined the professorship and identified PFF as one of the core roles of scholarship and of teaching. His thesis offered strong support for the promotion of PFF.

著者

山田 邦雅

出版者

北海道大学高等教育推進機構

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.24, pp.167-172, 2017-03

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The Japanese situation of institutional research (IR) in the university is different from that of the United States because a campus-wide database system has not been constructed. Therefore Japanese IRers expend substantial manpower on efforts to collect data from each faculty member and consolidate them. For IR to demonstrate its true value by utilizing data, I think support of IRer is necessary. The most inefficient work of the Japanese IRer is the basic tasks that should be performed by a computer. Therefore I, a beginner in programming, developed an application that checks for incomplete IR data for IRers. When I checked the IR data of the last year with this application, I found that the values of 4.3% of the cells were incomplete and our IRer understood them. I also checked whether this application was user-friendly by using Fogg’s consumption model.

著者

末本 哲雄 田中 清裕 金井 俊輔 笠原 茂佳 石上 歩 池田 紘美

出版者

北海道大学高等教育機能開発総合センター

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.15, pp.45-60, 2007-12

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If a specialist, especially someone belonging to a university, visits a high school or a school of lower stage and gives lectures about his or her specialty, such lectures (or such an acitivity) are called delivery-lectures. Although a high school-college collaboration, especially the deliverylectures, is spreading rapidly in Japan, learning in such a collaboration tends to be one-way from college to high school. To make it supply effects in the opposite direction, we took up deliverylectures designed and performed not by professors but by graduate students. During the activities, the graduate students realized that they got some educational effects such as expanding of their horizons, getting teacher’s mind, understanding the diffi culty of teaching and behaving in a positive attitude. The high school students considered that the lectures were benefi cial and the graduate students had enough ability to teach. These results suggest that delivery-lectures by graduate students are available as two-way learning between high schools and colleges.

著者

田中 宏明

出版者

北海道大学高等教育推進機構

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.23, pp.37-42, 2016-03

著者

石川 勝彦

出版者

北海道大学高等教育推進機構

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.25, pp.13-22, 2018-05

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The present study investigated how first-year seminars should be designed to support the academic achievements of freshmen. Case examples of course design for first-year seminars were collected from six teachers. On the basis of the results of qualitative arrangement, seven categories were generated and three main principles were discovered: building membership among students in their class, mutual or reciprocal learning among peers and teacher’s facilitation of peer learning, and individualized coaching in addition to teaching groups of students. Examples of course design were consolidated into a scale, and the scale was positively correlated with a safe class climate and the attainment of seminar targets. The relationships among course design, the attainment target of the seminar and a safe class climate were analyzed, and the findings suggested that course design had a greater influence on academic achievement than a safe class climate, and that a safe class climate had a greater influence than instructional design for becoming accustomed the to new college life through the seminar.

著者

山田 邦雅

出版者

北海道大学高等教育機能開発総合センター

雑誌

高等教育ジャーナル : 高等教育と生涯学習 (ISSN:13419374)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, pp.19-29, 2008-12

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In overseas universities many instructors have begun to use a classroom device commonly called a clicker, which allows students to respond to questions with small keypads. Students answer multiple choice questions projected on a classroom screen by pressing the keys of the clicker. It is reported that clickers increase the interaction with students and improve their learning, but few Japanese instructors use them now. I think we would benefit from the use of clickers but they are expensive. Therefore I made an inexpensive clicker system for testing in the classroom.