著者

南方 熊楠

出版者

日本人類学会

雑誌

人類學雜誌 (ISSN:00035505)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.2, pp.47-49, 1916-02-25 (Released:2010-06-28)

著者

南方 熊楠

出版者

日本人類学会

雑誌

人類學雜誌 (ISSN:00035505)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.8, pp.251-260, 1919-08-25 (Released:2010-06-28)

著者

南方 熊楠

出版者

日本人類学会

雑誌

人類學雜誌 (ISSN:00035505)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.28, no.10, pp.559-561, 1912-11-28 (Released:2010-06-28)

著者

南方 熊楠

出版者

日本人類学会

雑誌

人類學雜誌 (ISSN:00035505)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.30, no.11, pp.417-425, 1915 (Released:2010-06-28)

著者

出口 米吉

出版者

日本人類学会

雑誌

東京人類學會雜誌 (ISSN:18847641)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.17, no.193, pp.272-281, 1902-04-20 (Released:2010-06-28)

著者

TOMOHITO NAGAOKA JUNMEI SAWADA KAZUAKI HIRATA

出版者

日本人類学会

雑誌

Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.116, no.2, pp.161-169, 2008 (Released:2008-08-27)

参考文献数

58

被引用文献数

9 15

---

The demography of the Jomon people was first systematically investigated by Kobayashi ([1967] Journal of the Faculty of Science, The University of Tokyo, Section V, 3: 107–162). His life-table analysis indicated that Jomon life expectancy at the age of 15 was only 16 years. However, recent advances in palaeodemography have questioned whether the reconstruction of demographic parameters from skeletons actually reflects the real mortality patterns of past populations. The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that palaeodemographic data from skeletal remains represent an appropriate adult mortality profile. If the hypothesis is the case, the mortality profile of the Jomon people implied the heavy work-load resulting in the unusually high mortality schedule. If it is not the case, on the other hand, Kobayashi’s data had been distorted by the errors of adult age-at-death estimation. This study examined well-preserved auricular surfaces of 86 individuals, which are individuals aged 15 years and above. Age estimation of the auricular surfaces was performed using two techniques: the original method of Lovejoy et al. ([1985] American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 68: 15–28) and the revised method of Buckberry and Chamberlain ([2002] American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 119: 231–239). The results indicate important findings on the mortality profile of the Jomon people. First, the revised estimation has older age distributions, with the majority of individuals over 65 years of age. Second, the revised estimation increases the life expectancy at the age of 15 from 16 years to 32 years. The present data lead to the conclusions that the revised method improves the accuracy of age estimation for elderly adults, and that the Kobayashi’s estimation does not represent the real mortality profile. These findings will have great effects on the life history reconstruction of the Jomon people.

著者

吉田 巖

出版者

日本人類学会

雑誌

人類學雜誌 (ISSN:00035505)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.7, pp.267-276, 1914-07-20 (Released:2010-06-28)

著者

香原 志勢 茂原 信生 西沢 寿晃 藤田 敬 大谷 江里 馬場 悠男

出版者

日本人類学会

雑誌

Anthropological Science (Japanese Series) (ISSN:13443992)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.1111180003-1111180003, (Released:2011-11-22)

被引用文献数

3 4

---

長野県南佐久郡北相木村の縄文時代早期の地層(8300から8600 BP(未較正))から,12体の人骨(男性4体,女性4体の成人8体,および性別不明の幼児4体)が,1965年から1968年にかけての信州大学医学部解剖学教室を中心とする発掘で出土した。数少ない縄文時代早期人骨として貴重なもので,今回の研究は,これらの人骨の形態を報告し,従来明らかにされている縄文時代早期人骨の特徴を再検討するものである。顔高が低い,大腿骨の柱状性が著しい,歯の摩耗が顕著である,など一般的な縄文人の特徴を示すとともに,早前期人に一般的な「華奢」な特徴も示す。脳頭蓋は大きいが下顎骨は小さく,下顎体は早期人の中でもっとも薄い。下顎骨の筋突起は低いが前方に強く張り出している。上肢は華奢だが,下肢は縄文時代中後晩期人と同様に頑丈である。他の縄文時代早前期人と比較検討した結果,縄文時代早期人の特徴は,従来まとめられているものの若干の改定を含めて,次のように再確認された。1)顔面頭蓋が低い。2)下顎は小さいが,筋突起が前方に強く張り出す。3)下肢骨に比べて上肢骨が華奢である。4)下顎歯,特に前歯部には顕著な磨耗がある。

著者

香原 志勢 茂原 信生 西沢 寿晃 藤田 敬 大谷 江里 馬場 悠男

出版者

日本人類学会

雑誌

Anthropological Science (Japanese Series) (ISSN:13443992)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.119, no.2, pp.91-124, 2011 (Released:2011-12-22)

参考文献数

75

被引用文献数

3 4

---

長野県南佐久郡北相木村の縄文時代早期の地層(8300から8600 BP(未較正))から,12体の人骨(男性4体,女性4体の成人8体,および性別不明の幼児4体)が,1965年から1968年にかけての信州大学医学部解剖学教室を中心とする発掘で出土した。数少ない縄文時代早期人骨として貴重なもので,今回の研究は,これらの人骨の形態を報告し,従来明らかにされている縄文時代早期人骨の特徴を再検討するものである。顔高が低い,大腿骨の柱状性が著しい,歯の摩耗が顕著である,など一般的な縄文人の特徴を示すとともに,早前期人に一般的な「華奢」な特徴も示す。脳頭蓋は大きいが下顎骨は小さく,下顎体は早期人の中でもっとも薄い。下顎骨の筋突起は低いが前方に強く張り出している。上肢は華奢だが,下肢は縄文時代中後晩期人と同様に頑丈である。他の縄文時代早前期人と比較検討した結果,縄文時代早期人の特徴は,従来まとめられているものの若干の改定を含めて,次のように再確認された。1)顔面頭蓋が低い。2)下顎は小さいが,筋突起が前方に強く張り出す。3)下肢骨に比べて上肢骨が華奢である。4)下顎歯,特に前歯部には顕著な磨耗がある。

著者

YOUSUKE KAIFU REIKO T. KONO THOMAS SUTIKNA E. WAHYU SAPTOMO JATMIKO ROKUS DUE AWE HISAO BABA

出版者

日本人類学会

雑誌

Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.150501, (Released:2015-07-18)

被引用文献数

3 18

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Dental remains of Homo floresiensis excavated during 2002–2004 at Liang Bua, Flores, Indonesia, consist of one partial maxillary dentition, two nearly complete mandibular dentitions, and four isolated teeth. We present here morphological descriptions of all these specimens and report aspects of their dentition, occlusion, and oral health condition. This dental assemblage represents probably five but possibly four or six individuals. These different individuals share similar dental characteristics, supporting the view that the Liang Bua H. floresiensis assemblage represents a single population. We also reassess the previous claims for primitive and modern aspects of the H. floresiensis teeth. The previous studies reached conflicting conclusions: some researchers claim that these teeth are fully modern, whereas others highlight premolar and other morphologies that suggest their direct evolutionary link with the African earliest form of Homo or Australopithecus rather than with H. erectus. Neither of these views are supported. The H. floresiensis teeth exhibit a mosaic of primitive, derived, and unique characters, with the reported primitive aspects broadly comparable to the morphologies observed in H. erectus sensu lato. Although a more comprehensive comparative analysis is needed to fully illustrate dental morphological affinities of this dwarfed hominin species, we find no grounds for the hypothesis that H. floresiensis originated from the small-bodied, primitive hominins such as H. habilis sensu lato.

著者

伊能 嘉矩

出版者

日本人類学会

雑誌

東京人類學會雜誌 (ISSN:18847641)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.133, pp.259-272, 1897-04-28 (Released:2010-06-28)

著者

伊能 嘉矩

出版者

日本人類学会

雑誌

東京人類學會雜誌 (ISSN:18847641)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.12, no.128, pp.35-48, 1896-11-28 (Released:2010-06-28)

著者

伊能 嘉矩

出版者

日本人類学会

雑誌

東京人類學會雜誌 (ISSN:18847641)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.11, no.124, pp.381-389, 1896-07-28 (Released:2010-06-28)

著者

GEN SUWA YONAS BEYENE HIDEO NAKAYA RAYMOND L. BERNOR JEAN-RENAUD BOISSERIE FAYSAL BIBI STANLEY H. AMBROSE KATSUHIRO SANO SHIGEHIRO KATOH BERHANE ASFAW

出版者

日本人類学会

雑誌

Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.150206, (Released:2015-04-14)

被引用文献数

4 26

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The vertebrate fossil localities of the Chorora Formation, Ethiopia, comprise one of only a few sub-Saharan African paleontological research areas that illuminate Late Miocene African mammalian and primate evolution. Field work at Chorora since 2007 has resulted in the establishment of new vertebrate fossil localities and a revised chronostratigraphic framework. The new Chorora Formation fossils include the earliest known records of Cercopithecinae, Hippopotaminae, and Leporidae in Africa. Two lineages of hipparionins are recognized at Chorora, a larger and smaller morph, forming potential phyletic links between the earlier Samburu Hills hipparionins and later Eurygnathohippus turkanensis and E. feibeli from Lothagam, Kenya. The Chorora colobines are larger than the >9 Ma Microcolobus and morphologically conservative with only moderate molar cusp notches. The Chorora cercopithecines represent the earliest documented occurrence of the subfamily.

著者

AKIKO MATSUMOTO-ODA

出版者

日本人類学会

雑誌

Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.150223, (Released:2015-03-31)

被引用文献数

9

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Predation has been an evolutionary force in primates, driving changes in their behavior, cognition, and numerous morphological characteristics. There is little evidence regarding the counter- strategies of primates to predation, because previous studies on primates have focused on the animals eaten rather than the animals that survive. I report a case of predation in which an adult male baboon was preyed on by a leopard in the early morning in the wild and describe how the surviving baboons behaved. Based on this report, I consider the counter-strategies of baboons to leopard predation, such as staying at the sleeping site, producing alarm calls, and shifting the sleeping site. Further information from other predation events is needed to understand the evolution of anti-predation behaviors.

著者

長谷部 言人

出版者

日本人類学会

雑誌

人類學雜誌 (ISSN:00035505)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.55, no.6, pp.297-299, 1940 (Released:2010-06-28)

著者

NAOMICHI OGIHARA HIDEKI AMANO TAKEO KIKUCHI YUSUKE MORITA KUNIHIRO HASEGAWA TAKANORI KOCHIYAMA HIROKI C. TANABE

出版者

日本人類学会

雑誌

Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.141109, (Released:2015-01-29)

被引用文献数

4 15

---

In order to discuss possible differences in brain anatomy between Neanderthals and early modern humans, the original antemortem appearance of fossil crania that enclosed the brain must somehow be correctly restored, as soft tissues such as the brain are generally not fossilized. However, crania are typically fractured, fragmented, and deformed due to compaction and diagenesis. Furthermore, recovery of all component fragments of fossil crania is rare. Restoration of the brain morphology of fossil crania therefore necessitates correct assembly of the available fragments, eliminating distortions, and compensating for missing parts as a first step. This paper reviews the current status of computerized reconstruction methods, then provides an overview and future directions toward digital reconstruction of fossil crania and the associated brain morphology.

著者

N. TAYLES S.E. HALCROW T. SAYAVONGKHAMDY V. SOUKSAVATDY

出版者

日本人類学会

雑誌

Anthropological Science (ISSN:09187960)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.141013, (Released:2015-01-29)

被引用文献数

9

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This paper describes a human skeleton from a rock-shelter in northeast Laos, dated to ~7000 BP. It was excavated in 2004 and moved en bloc to the Laos National Museum in Vientiane. Here we report observations made from the in situ skeleton. The burial is the largely complete but slightly damaged remains of a tall, middle-aged, probable male buried on his side in a flexed position. His teeth were heavily worn and one was infected but otherwise there is no evidence of poor health. We were not able to make an assessment of biological affiliation. In comparison with the very small samples of approximately contemporary skeletal remains from the wider region around the middle Mekong, it is clear that the burial position and dental health were not unusual, but that he was very tall for that period of prehistory.

著者

山内 清男

出版者

日本人類学会

雑誌

人類學雜誌 (ISSN:00035505)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.40, no.5, pp.181-184, 1925-06-09 (Released:2010-06-28)

著者

山内 清男

出版者

日本人類学会

雑誌

人類學雜誌 (ISSN:00035505)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.47, no.7, pp.244-251, 1932-07-15 (Released:2010-06-28)