著者

松宮 智生

出版者

日本体育・スポーツ哲学会

雑誌

体育・スポーツ哲学研究 (ISSN:09155104)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.34, no.1, pp.37-51, 2012

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The purpose of this paper is to clarify the basis of the validity of rules of game.<br>The traditional framework of the discussion (formalism vs. ethos theory, internalism vs. externalism, etc.) cannot answer the issue mentioned above.<br>The author seeks to verify whether the basis of the effectiveness of rules (the basis for rules to function as rules) is the basis of validity of the rules (the basis for the appropriateness of the content of the rules).<br>The author then presents a framework for discussion of positivism vs. interpretivism. This structure of discussion corresponds to the legal positivism vs. Dworkin dispute in the philosophy of law.<br>Positivism emphasizes norms based on facts such as written rules and customs and is effective for discussing the rationale for the effectiveness of rules.<br>Interpretivism, in contrast, focuses on the interpretation of rules supporting integration of the rule system and is useful for discussing the rationale for the validity of rules. An interpretive approach seeking to find the ethos (or principles) of games may identify the basis of the validity of rules.<br>Even if a player engages in conduct conforming to the rule of games, i.e., rational behavior to win without violating the rules, his/her actions may be criticized by those who watch. If so, the validity of the rules that are the basis for rational behavior may be questioned. The problem is the relationship between the ethos (or principles) of games and the rules.

著者

松田 太希

出版者

日本体育・スポーツ哲学会

雑誌

体育・スポーツ哲学研究 (ISSN:09155104)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, pp.85-98, 2015 (Released:2016-03-18)

参考文献数

50

被引用文献数

2 1

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The purpose of this paper is to clarify why the corporal punishment remains in sports groups focusing on Freud’s group psychology. Most arguments on the corporal punishment was apt to deny or solve the corporal punishment until now. But, can the corporal punishment be really got rid of? Imamura says that if people have relations with each other, we can never avoid violence. If so, it is natural that the corporal punishment occurs in sports groups. Therefore, we must understand why the corporal punishment remains in sports groups. This paper tries to investigate the psychic structure that the corporal punishment remains in relations between a coach and players in sports groups. To do it, we regard the situation that keeping the corporal punishment as the extension line of normal human relations rather than abnormal. Then, this paper focuses on “group psychology and the analysis of the ego” written by Freud. Freud says that the group is formed and kept up by the union of libido among members. We should take notice of the Freud’s argument in that respect that the ego of a coach spends all the ego of players. Freud calls the union of libido between members and a leader “being in loved”, and if “being in loved ” sublimates into “idealization”, the ego of members will be destroyed by losing their critical thinking on the character of their leader. Freud’s argument gives us a hint to consider why the corporal punishment remains in relations between a coach and players in sports groups.

著者

野上 玲子

出版者

日本体育・スポーツ哲学会

雑誌

体育・スポーツ哲学研究 (ISSN:09155104)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.39, no.2, pp.109-120, 2017 (Released:2018-05-02)

参考文献数

55

被引用文献数

1 1

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Although the Olympic Games have been holding as the sports festival with a view to promoting a peaceful society, they have ever been boycotted for political reasons and being used of as a means to an act of terrorism. The Olympic Games have opportunities to activate a sense of nationalism hidden in the background of their principle in the age of globalization. The difference between the principle to embody peace and the reality far removed from it is an issue which cannot be ignored. In this paper, we payed attention to cosmopolitanism, which is located comparatively in nationalism, and investigated the peace initiative in the Olympic Games while relating it to the issue of cosmopolitanism based on the idea of universal peace by Kant. The first half of this paper considered the theory of cosmopolitanism and peace by Kant and the second half did the peace initiative of cosmopolitanism in Olympics. The following three points were suggested according to this procedure.1.Any participant in the Olympic Games should take part in them as a cosmopolitan who has a sense of belonging to his/her own race or nation.2.Any participant as a cosmopolitan, who has the right of hospitality that enables to exchange one other, tries to establish friendly relations with other participants.3.Any participant, who has the right of hospitality that imposes restrictions on hostility one other, can drive out participants who did an act of hostility or violence.

著者

木庭 康樹 上田 丈晴 沖原 謙 田井 健太郎 高根 信吾

出版者

日本体育・スポーツ哲学会

雑誌

体育・スポーツ哲学研究 (ISSN:09155104)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.2, pp.101-120, 2013 (Released:2014-07-05)

参考文献数

32

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This study aims to identify the structure of sports games in order to analyze soccer games. In the paper before last, we focused on the structure of "competition" as "play" to clarify the concept of "competition" which is the basis for the meaning of "bodily movement competitions (sports)". In doing this, we were able to formulate the function for this structure through the following comparative function.On a condition of r, A = cf (a, b) = a > b, a = b, a < b(where, r : rule, A : agōn, cf : comparative function, a : contestant, b : opponent, > : win, = : draw, < : loss)In the last paper, we clarified that "bodily movement related to competition" is provided for by four characteristics: usability, expression, acquisition, and reciprocity.Our next topic is to consider the development and the optimization of human movement in sport. The human movement in sport has a certain relation with other elements such as rule, tactics, sense of values and others, while keeping the independence as the movement form. It has an original role and function under the relationship with other elements. When an element in the structure of sports builds the new relations with other elements, the sports accomplish a change and development in a true meaning. The creation of a new movement form to enable such the translation of the structure of sports is the development of human movement in sport.In the using process and the learning process of the movement form, sports players come to cannot but acquire and use the form of the technique developed and made an object by an individual. However, they are promoted development of a new form of the technique by the decline of the value of the form of the technique occurring as a result of competition in the game and the decline of the value of players using it. But a form of the technique developed newly also cannot avoid the "alienation" in the using process and the learning process of such the movement form.The concept of "Pareto optimum" clarifies that any movement form has the limit of the geometrical ambiguity (relation between both merits and demerits), as long as they have a definite form, a certain decided figure. However, this means a new movement form and other movement forms connect a new relation between both merits and demerits, and they have the possibility of further optimizing for more purposes.Our future topic is the last aim of this study, to clarify the entirety of "bodily movement competitions (sports)" based on the results considered in our earlier papers.

著者

髙尾 尚平

出版者

日本体育・スポーツ哲学会

雑誌

体育・スポーツ哲学研究 (ISSN:09155104)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.2, pp.115-132, 2019

著者

松田 太希

出版者

日本体育・スポーツ哲学会

雑誌

体育・スポーツ哲学研究 (ISSN:09155104)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.2, pp.85-98, 2015

被引用文献数

1

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The purpose of this paper is to clarify why the corporal punishment remains in sports groups focusing on Freud's group psychology. <br/>Most arguments on the corporal punishment was apt to deny or solve the corporal punishment until now. But, can the corporal punishment be really got rid of? Imamura says that if people have relations with each other, we can never avoid violence. If so, it is natural that the corporal punishment occurs in sports groups. Therefore, we must understand why the corporal punishment remains in sports groups. This paper tries to investigate the psychic structure that the corporal punishment remains in relations between a coach and players in sports groups. To do it, we regard the situation that keeping the corporal punishment as the extension line of normal human relations rather than abnormal. <br/>Then, this paper focuses on "<i>group psychology and the analysis of the ego</i>" written by Freud. Freud says that the group is formed and kept up by the union of libido among members. We should take notice of the Freud's argument in that respect that the ego of a coach spends all the ego of players. Freud calls the union of libido between members and a leader "being in loved", and if "being in loved " sublimates into "idealization", the ego of members will be destroyed by losing their critical thinking on the character of their leader. Freud's argument gives us a hint to consider why the corporal punishment remains in relations between a coach and players in sports groups.

著者

川谷 茂樹

出版者

日本体育・スポーツ哲学会

雑誌

体育・スポーツ哲学研究 (ISSN:09155104)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.35, no.1, pp.31-43, 2013 (Released:2014-04-16)

参考文献数

29

被引用文献数

4 3 1

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A main purpose of this paper is to reconsider “the logical incompatibility thesis” which has claimed many adherents among scholars of philosophy of sport since 1970’s. In respect to this thesis that asserts that cheating and game-playing are logically incompatible, it is Kreider that suggests a very important argument. According to Kreider’s argument, rule-following is not the necessary condition of game-playing. It is sufficient for game-playing to commit conforming one’s behavior to the rules of the respective games.This argument seems to be the most serious one against the logical incompatibility thesis until now and suggests that it is impossible in principle for game-players to damage the identity of a particular game. In order to maintain the identity, it is required that not the identity of the player’s play but the institutional identity is retained.But the commitment to rules in this sense does not always involve the commitment to winning. In other words, it is obviously possible for a player to commit rules and at the same time commit defeat (e.g. the player who “throws” a fixed game). Though, of course, even in such a game the institutional identity of the game is maintained, we may well think that something important has been lost. If so, what is it?We should consider that the end of the game or contest in question has not been accomplished. That is, in such a game it has not been decided which player is superior even if a winner is determined, and it is indispensable for all players to commit winning substantially in order to accomplish that end of the game.The logical incompatibility thesis, in fact, has not referred to that end of a game but we tend to misunderstand as if it would do. Although, as stated above, the thesis is literally wrong, its persuasiveness seems to stem from our natural misunderstanding about it.

著者

加藤 泰樹

出版者

日本体育・スポーツ哲学会

雑誌

体育・スポーツ哲学研究 (ISSN:09155104)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.29, no.1, pp.1-9, 2007 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

13

著者

釜崎 太

出版者

日本体育・スポーツ哲学会

雑誌

体育・スポーツ哲学研究 (ISSN:09155104)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.2, pp.107-121, 2011 (Released:2012-12-17)

参考文献数

51

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Im Deutschland am Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts, wo die Bildung eines modernen Nationalstaats und die Befreiung von der napoleonischen Herrschaft der sehnlichste Wunsch der gebildeten Schichten geworden war, besaß das Turnen von F.L.Jahn, nicht nur im Sinne der Ertüchtigung des Körpers, sondern auch im Sinne der Verbreitung des Nationalbewusstseins eine erhebliche gesellschaftliche Einflusskraft. Es ist darauf hingewiesen worden, dass ein Großteil der Einflusskraft des Turnens als Nationalbewegung den folgenden Punkten zuzuschreiben ist: 1. der “Erfindung von Traditionen”, die sich klar in der Wortschöpfung “Turnen” zeigt, 2. dem Charisma Jahns, das durch Jahns progressive und antiautoritäre Haltung und Kleidung vermittelt wurde, und 3. der Ritualität und Festivität der Turnfeste, die an nationalen Gedenktagen abgehalten wurden. Betrachtet man jedoch die Rollenspiele, auf die Jahn bei den vielfältigen körperlichen Übungen des Turnens großen Wert legte, kommt man zu der Erkenntnis, dass das Nationalbewusstsein der Turner untereinander in einer Form verknüpft war, die sich von den genannten Punkten unterscheidet.In dieser Forschung wird darauf hingewiesen, dass ein Rollenspiel die gleiche Welt ausdrückt wie die autobiografischen Romane Jahns und es wird gleichzeitig durch die Aufschlüsselung der Memoiren und Tagebücher der Turner gezeigt, dass die Rollenspiele, die als Teil der spontanen Bemühungen der Turner vor dem Hintergrund historischer Orte bei den Turnfahrten entwickelt wurden, den Gruppenzusammenhalt der Turner stärkten und als ein Mittel zur Verbreitung des Nationalbewusstseins fungierten. Anders ausgedrückt wird mit dieser Forschung gezeigt, dass die Verbreitung des Nationalbewusstseins aufgrund der Turnbewegung am Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts nicht nur der Erfindung von Traditionen, der charismatischen Herrschaft und der Ritualität und Festivität zuzuschreiben ist, sondern auch dem historischen “Gedächtnis”, das sich durch die Erfahrung von körperlichen Übungen bei den Rollenspielen in die Körper der Turner einprägte.

著者

寺山 由美

出版者

日本体育・スポーツ哲学会

雑誌

体育・スポーツ哲学研究 (ISSN:09155104)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.42, no.2, pp.49-63, 2020 (Released:2021-08-11)

参考文献数

78

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The purpose of this study is to clarify the validity of taking a physical view as a learning content of physical education. To exist as a subject, it will be necessary to clarify the educational significance that is not just a movement but a formal lesson. For that purpose, it is necessary to consider how to guide the learner's body in physical education. In order for learners to grasp their bodies that cannot be separated for their lifetime, it is considered necessary to focus on the development of a view of the body as the learning content that physical education plays.The view of the body can be said to be the way of seeing the body and the way of understanding the body. In other words, for <me>, asking what is the body is the training of the view of the body. Developing a view of the body involves asking what is the body for <me> and at the same time asking what is <I>. The development of a view of the body becomes possible through exercise practice, and the process in which the learner continues to seek his or her own view of the body is important. For <me>, fostering a view of the body asking "what is the body" can be a universal educational content of physical education that does not change with the times and regions as a reasonable educational significance.In addition, the study in this study is considered as the ground for thinking about learning in the "expression activity and dance" area. That is, if the body view can be the learning content in physical education, it is possible to propose a learning content in a “expression activity and dance” area different from before.

著者

近藤 良享

出版者

日本体育・スポーツ哲学会

雑誌

体育・スポーツ哲学研究 (ISSN:09155104)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.33, no.1, pp.1-11, 2011 (Released:2012-12-07)

参考文献数

18

被引用文献数

4 1

著者

竹村 瑞穂

出版者

日本体育・スポーツ哲学会

雑誌

体育・スポーツ哲学研究 (ISSN:09155104)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.37, no.1, pp.15-28, 2015 (Released:2016-01-13)

参考文献数

49

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The issue of body ownership cannot be considered irrelevant to the sports community. For example, in places and times where sports were controlled mainly by the State, including in former East Germany, the body of the player was owned and managed by the State. The issues caused by body ownership by others have been overcome through the private right known as “property right to the body”. However, I can say that certain issues related to “body self-ownership”, including body enhancement by free will as seen in the field of competitive sports in recent years, have ironically brought about the necessity to reexamine the property right to the body. This is because the broad interpretation of this notion and the objectification of the body have resulted in a surge in popularity of the view that one can freely do anything to one’s own body. It is believed that the British philosopher John Locke first proposed the concept of the property right to the body and the person. Based on Locke’s concept, should “doping as an act of body self-ownership”, namely self-doping, be allowed, even though “doping as an act of body ownership by others” is prohibited? Considering such questions, this paper aims mainly to examine doping as an issue of body self-ownership in light of Locke’s concept of the property right to the person. To this end, I first review and thoroughly examine Locke’s notion. On this basis I then consider whether and on what grounds doping as an act of body self-ownership is permissible. After such consideration, I arrive at the following conclusion: first, the notion of “person”in the concept of “property right to the person” as proposed by Lock does not correspond to “body” in the physical sense, and second, the concept of God is supposed to be superior to that of “property right to the person.” Through the discussion in this thesis, I indicate that it would be difficult to refer to the “property right to the person” concept as a basis for accepting doping as an act of free will.

著者

中野 大希 坂本 拓弥

出版者

日本体育・スポーツ哲学会

雑誌

体育・スポーツ哲学研究 (ISSN:09155104)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.44, no.2, pp.85-100, 2022 (Released:2023-03-20)

参考文献数

76

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To clarify the necessity and the possibility to explore the meanings of the pain in physical education (PE) classes, this study critically considers the literature on bodily experiences in such classes. In Japan, bodily experiences of students in PE class have been poor lately by doing a lot of language activities, using information communication technologies and taking full safety majors. According to previous studies, these bodily experiences are composed of three experiences of the things, the others, and the self. Therefore, the poorness of the bodily experiences in PE class means that students have being poor with three experiences of the things, the others, and the self. In such situation, the philosophical studies on the meanings of the bodily experiences in PE classes have discussed the experiences of the things and the others and demonstrated the significance of these two experiences for students. However, such studies have overlooked the experience of the self and, accordingly, to reveal the meaning of the experiences of the self would be required. The experiences of pain could symbolize the experiences of the self, because pain is the experience that lacks the consciousness toward the world outside human-subject and also inevitably highlights one’s own body. Thus, the experiences of the aforementioned pain could be focused when the meaning of the experiences of the self is revealed. Such an experience has the possibility of triggering the transformation of the self, and this transformation has an educational significance. The experiences of the pain as the experience of the self in PE class may have an educational significance for students. Hence, exploring the meaning of the experiences of such pain could reveal the new meaning of the bodily experiences.

著者

釜崎 太

出版者

日本体育・スポーツ哲学会

雑誌

体育・スポーツ哲学研究 (ISSN:09155104)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.2, pp.133-146, 2019 (Released:2020-03-10)

参考文献数

56

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Research in Japan to date that has analyzed sport from the perspective of Simmel's theory of competition understands the theory as supportive of only the positive meaning of competition in sport. However, Simmel had a keen appreciation of the issues of modern society and addressed matters incidental to actual competition.Contemporary society differs from Gemeinschaft(traditional local communities) with their fixed interpersonal relationships, and from the system of slavery, in which people were owned as if machines. While people now possess a sense of inalienable personhood, interaction between them has become shallower. Simmel saw competition in Gesellschaft(modern society) as effectively providing opportunities for people to bond.For example, an essential element of sport is its ability to excite large numbers of people. As such, it bonds not only coaches and players, players within a team, and competing teams, but, by involving “the advantage of a third person”, creates a bond between all involved in competition and the masses, too. Yet, at the same time, this type of competition inverts the respective positions of the expert and the masses, making it more likely that a young pitcher, for example, may ignore the warnings of the experts and, in deference to public demand, waste his or her talent at national tournaments by pitching incessantly.This paper attempts to clarify the social significance of sporting competition in Gesellschaft (modern society) from the perspective of such amphibolousness in the positives and negatives of competition.

著者

田中 愛

出版者

日本体育・スポーツ哲学会

雑誌

体育・スポーツ哲学研究 (ISSN:09155104)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.38, no.1, pp.37-50, 2016 (Released:2016-11-01)

参考文献数

45

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This study considers the theory of the body for practice of sport phenomenologically. It does not focus on the aspect of high competitiveness in modern sports but focuses instead on the practice of adapted sports which allows participation by more people. This study aims to expand the sphere of application concerning the theory of the body by reconsidering the significance of the term ‘practice of sport’. Using the method of phenomenological consideration, that is, examining what arises from the practices of adapted sports from the phenomenological viewpoint of the human body, the study examines criticism against the phenomenological theory of the human body and clarifies the significance of distinguishing between ‘human body’ and ‘physical body’. To this end, the present study (1) examined the discussion on the theory of the body for practice of sport, (2) inquired into concepts related to the body in adapted sports, (3) considered the theory of the human body with regard to actual practices of adapted sports, and (4) proposed the theory of the ‘human body as meaning’ for the practice of sport. This study clarifies the following: (1) the relationship between sport and adapted sport, (2) the relationship between the body and ‘disabled body’, (3) ‘human body as meaning’ is to be the subject of the theory of the body for practice of sport. Participation in adapted sports enables individuals to realize and understand their abilities, which non-disabled people are generally unaware of. By phenomenologically distinguishing ‘the body’ and ‘physical body’, the boundary between ‘disabled body’ and ‘non-disabled body’ is relativized despite the possibility of them being classified based on medical or scientific criteria. Adapted sports, therefore, should be recognized as part of regular sports.

著者

エリオット R. K. 樋口 聰

出版者

日本体育・スポーツ哲学会

雑誌

体育・スポーツ哲学研究 (ISSN:09155104)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.2, pp.84-106, 1980 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

84

著者

Frans de Wachter 樋口 聡

出版者

日本体育・スポーツ哲学会

雑誌

体育・スポーツ哲学研究 (ISSN:09155104)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.6and7, pp.51-55, 1985 (Released:2010-04-30)

著者

樋口 聡

出版者

日本体育・スポーツ哲学会

雑誌

体育・スポーツ哲学研究 (ISSN:09155104)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.1, pp.31-40, 1979 (Released:2010-04-30)

参考文献数

28

著者

樋口 聡

出版者

日本体育・スポーツ哲学会

雑誌

体育・スポーツ哲学研究 (ISSN:09155104)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.4and5, pp.89-96, 1983 (Released:2010-04-30)

著者

高橋 徹 井上 誠治

出版者

日本体育・スポーツ哲学会

雑誌

体育・スポーツ哲学研究 (ISSN:09155104)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.31, no.2, pp.109-120, 2009 (Released:2012-12-17)

参考文献数

32

被引用文献数

2 2

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The purpose of this study is to examine the surroundings of moving body based on the theory of “affordance”, that is to refine the concept of “body environment” in sport. The study also try to consider its implication into the theory of physical education and sport philosophy.First, the concept of “affordance” presented by J. Gibson is discussed to express the meaning lurked in environment around us. Then, the environment in sport is examined in terms of two ways of talking sport which is introduced by M. Sasaki. Namely, the first manner is the way talking sport inside the body. The second is that of the border between body and environment. Especially, author concentrates to focus on the latter manner in discussing sport environment. Next, the study attempts to define the concept of “body environment” in sport. It may give us the meaning of environment found in bodily movement.At any rate, refining this concept is an approach to understanding the lived experience in sport by its useful manner of experiential description. That is to say, it is an attempt to explore the potentiality in the enterprise educating sport. Finally, author may also inquire the significance and limitation of using experiential description of sport which is a method finding the meaning of lived movement. Then, the study may conclude that this manner of describing sport experience would be possible to apply into every educational affairs.