出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.61, no.2, pp.169-179, 2011 (Released:2011-12-19)

著者

岡市 廣成 上北 朋子

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.66.1.1, (Released:2016-03-15)

参考文献数

7

著者

高橋 阿貴

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.62, no.2, pp.147-162, 2012 (Released:2013-01-28)

参考文献数

68

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This review is an introduction to a recently developed technology “optogenetics” that allows researchers to directly manipulate the activity of aimed neurons with millisecond (ms) order in a behaving animal. Two types of microbial opsin, channel rhodopsin 2 (ChR2) and halorhodopsin (NpHR), are commonly used as the tools for optogenetics. ChR2 responds to blue light to induce neuronal firing via cation influx, whereas NpHR responds to yellow light to inhibit neuronal activity via Cl- influx. This review first introduces these and other opsins that have been used for optogenetics. Next, three methods to introduce these foreign genes into mouse nervous system are going to be explained: 1) viral infection, 2) in utero electrophoresis, and 3) transgenic mouse. Then, this review illustrates how neuron-type specific expression of the opsin gene can be achieved, and also how the optic stimulation of opsins that expresses in the deep brain structure can be accomplished. Finally, how the optogenetic technique has been used for behavioral neuroscience will be discussed by focusing on the studies about amygdala microcircuit that mediates conditioned fear.

著者

力丸 裕

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.53, no.1, pp.27-40, 2003 (Released:2008-01-30)

参考文献数

24

被引用文献数

1

---

The neural base of the bat's biosonar system is discussed here. The bat emits complex biosonar sounds (pulses) and listens to echoes for orientation and hunting flying insects. Different types of biosonar information are carried by different parameters characterizing pulse-echo pairs. For example, distance information is conveyed by echo delay, while velocity information is carried by Doppler shift. In the auditory cortex of the bat, not only frequency but also other information baring parameters such as echo delay and Doppler shift are systematically mapped as subareas. These computational maps greatly depend on subcortical signal processing. The subcortical auditory nuclei create delay lines and multipliers (or AND gates) for processing distance (echo delay) information, and also create level-tolerant frequency tuning and multipliers (or AND gates) for processing velocity (Doppler shift) information. These multipliers are called FM-FM and CF/CF combination sensitive neurons, respectively. The neurophysiological investigations of the bat's biosonar system provide an excellent database for neural computational models and sonar systems. Application of an agonist of inhibitory neurotransmitter to DSCF or FM-FM area behaviorally revealed the functions of these auditory subareas. Findings made by an on-board telemetry microphone from flying bats confirmed Doppler-shift compensation.

著者

山田 弘司

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.62.1.5, (Released:2012-06-29)

参考文献数

13

被引用文献数

1

---

This study surveys dairy farmers' ways of raising, sense of animal welfare, and emotional impressions on their cows, and discusses their personification to livestock in contrast with that to companion animals. The farmers have professional knowledge and skills to feed and handle the cows. They get a living from keeping cows, considering the cost and benefit. This economy-based view sometimes leads to the desertion of treatment on disordered livestock. Companion animal owners usually keep their animals with no such economy-based but emotion-based view. Farmers' “employer-employee” relationship to their cows would interfere with the personification attitudes. This author compared the attitudes of 187 dairy farmers and 218 collage students, reveals the dairy farmers show more sensitivity to animal welfare and more favorable impression and stronger personification, such as “child-like” and “family-like” views. Thus emotion-based attitudes and the personification would be caused in any situations with human-animal interactions, regardless of the roles and the professional knowledge of animals. As a calming effect of handling for experimental animals and decreased escape distance on intimately reared cows show, animals interacted with human also have the emotion-based affection or emotional bond.

著者

渡辺 茂

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.58, no.2, pp.147-157, 2008 (Released:2008-12-24)

参考文献数

36

被引用文献数

1

---

Neuroanatomy is a science of form, whereas cognitive science is a science of function. Comparative neuroanatomy and comparative cognition, however, share a common interest, that is, the evolution of form and function. Pigeons and humans show apparently similar higher visual cognition, but their brain mechanisms are different. Functional constraints caused by differences in the brain structures are still unknown. Interpretation of function by form is the traditional way of explanation in biological sciences, and hence the integration of comparative neuroanatomy and comparative cognition should provide such an approach.

著者

関 義正

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.69, no.2, pp.101-111, 2019

被引用文献数

1

---

<p>Rhythmic entrainment, or synchronization, to musical rhythm is universally observed in almost all human culture; however, in non-human animals, this kind of behavior has been demonstrated only by some specific species. Thus, exploring the evolutional origin and the psychological substrate for this capability is an attractive research topic. This article reviews recent studies tackling this question and relevant researches, then, introduces a hypothesis explaining the origin of the prominent capability for rhythmic synchronization in humans.</p>

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.71, no.1, pp.77-83, 2021 (Released:2021-06-22)

著者

小山 高正

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.50, no.2, pp.255-259, 2000-12-25

著者

高橋 阿貴

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.62.2.5, (Released:2012-12-28)

参考文献数

68

---

This review is an introduction to a recently developed technology “optogenetics” that allows researchers to directly manipulate the activity of aimed neurons with millisecond (ms) order in a behaving animal. Two types of microbial opsin, channel rhodopsin 2 (ChR2) and halorhodopsin (NpHR), are commonly used as the tools for optogenetics. ChR2 responds to blue light to induce neuronal firing via cation influx, whereas NpHR responds to yellow light to inhibit neuronal activity via Cl- influx. This review first introduces these and other opsins that have been used for optogenetics. Next, three methods to introduce these foreign genes into mouse nervous system are going to be explained: 1) viral infection, 2) in utero electrophoresis, and 3) transgenic mouse. Then, this review illustrates how neuron-type specific expression of the opsin gene can be achieved, and also how the optic stimulation of opsins that expresses in the deep brain structure can be accomplished. Finally, how the optogenetic technique has been used for behavioral neuroscience will be discussed by focusing on the studies about amygdala microcircuit that mediates conditioned fear.

著者

佐伯 大輔

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.49, no.1, pp.41-47, 1999

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6個体のゴールデンハムスターに確率学習課題を行わせ, その反応パターンを調べた。手続きとして, 位置課題及び非訂正法を使用した。確率条件として, 左右のレバー押し反応に対する強化確率が, 70% : 30%及び60% : 40%の2条件を設けた。また, 各確率条件を実施する前に, 左右のレバーに対して等頻度に反応させるベースライン条件を挿入した。その結果, 両方の確率条件において, すべての個体が, より強化確率の高い選択肢に反応のほとんどを割り当てる最大化を示した。この結果から, ゴールデンハムスターは, ラットやハト等の他の動物種と同様の反応パターンを示すことが明らかとなった。

著者

乾 敏郎

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.60, no.1, pp.59-72, 2010 (Released:2010-06-25)

参考文献数

42

被引用文献数

3

---

In this paper, we propose three hypotheses about language understanding. One of the fundamental and important components of language processing is assignment of a thematic role to each word in a sentence, based on word order and particles or prepositions. Therefore, we first discuss the brain mechanism of thematic role assignment, followed by a discussion of the brain mechanism for outlining the meaning of a sentence. We then evaluate the function of the mirror neuron system in language understanding. Finally, we discuss the brain mechanisms of mental perspective shift and hierarchical processing in language comprehension.

著者

伊澤 栄一

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.67.1.2, (Released:2017-05-02)

参考文献数

52

---

Large-billed crows, Corvus macrorhynchos, are one of familiar resident birds in Japan. They are originally jungle/forest-dwelling birds but now broaden their habitats to urban 'concrete jungle' environments such as Tokyo and Sapporo. Despite the close and overlapping range of the habitat between humans and crows, the socio-behavioural function of crows and its psychological and neural underpinnings have been poorly understood. Here, I review the recent studies in animal psychology on inter-individual communication for the understanding of individual-based social ecology of large-billed crows. Particular focuses are made on audio-vocal, visual, and tactile communication. First, vocal exchange with a contact call (ka call) and the acoustic individuality of ka calls as an identity signal are outlined. Second topic for visual communication is on audio-visual cross-modal recognition of familiar individuals and the involvement of the individual recognition in the formation and maintenance of dominance relationship. Finally, nonreciprocal but unidirectional allopreening from dominants to subordinates in juvenile males is shown and its possible social function are discussed. To further understand the communication of crows from comparative perspectives, these findings of social behaviour and its function should be integrated with physiological research on the... onto the life-history axis of this species which is characterized by drastic change of social structures between juvenile and pair-bond stages.

著者

山田 宗視

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学年報 (ISSN:00035130)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.16, no.1, pp.21-25, 1966-10-30 (Released:2009-10-14)

参考文献数

9

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ニホンザルの表情を 18 の類型に分けた。そしてそれは, 4つの系列にまとめられ, これらは感情の質的ちがいによってもたらされたものであった。同一の系列内のものには, 同一感情の量的ちがいによるものと, これに異質な感情要素の附加されたものがあった。そしてまた, 単一の感情要素によってあらわされている表情と, 多数の感情要素が同時にはたらいているものもあった。

著者

藤田 和生

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.66.1.5, (Released:2016-04-27)

参考文献数

37

---

Dogs are known to be extremely sensitive to human behavior. They use human gestures such as pointing as a cue better than great apes. A question here is whether this wonderful human companion simply reads apparent "behavior" of us, or, like humans, more deeply some sort of indirect information the behavior implies. In three separate tests, including pointing games with a non-trustworthy person, inference of the door function from human behavior toward it, and third-party affective evaluation of human interactions, we show that dogs often utilize more than superficial actions they observe. Dogs are at least somewhat "cognitivists" rather than pure "behaviorists" that learn everything by simple association with observable stimuli.

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.65, no.1, pp.59-59, 2015 (Released:2015-06-13)

著者

小牧 純爾 友永 雅己

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

pp.63.1.5, (Released:2013-07-01)

参考文献数

14

著者

岡市 洋子 岡市 広成

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.51, no.1, pp.29-34, 2001-06-30

被引用文献数

7

---

本研究では, 8匹のラットを用いて, ラットの複雑な聴覚刺激に対する弁別能力を調べた。1レバーのスキナー箱を使用し, S+刺激に対する反応にはVI10秒で報酬を与えた。第1段階では, BeatlesのYesterdayとホワイトノイズを刺激に用いた。報酬随伴性はカウンターバランスさせた。10セッションの訓練で, Beatles S+群, ノイズS+群, ともに3匹ずつが80%以上の正反応率を示した。第2段階では, S+を変えずに, 両群のラットのS-をMozartに変えた。その結果, ノイズS+群は3セッションの訓練で1匹を除き約95%の正反応率に達したが, Beatles S+群は7セッションの訓練で約85%の正反応率となった。第3段階ではBeatles Yesterdayと実験者の演奏するYesterdayが与えられた。10セッションの訓練で, 7匹のラットが70%以上の正反応率に達し, ラットが異なる演奏者が演奏する音色と音の高さはやや異なるものの, 旋律が等しい2曲を弁別することができること示した。

著者

時本 楠緒子 熊澤 紀子 假屋 瑛吏子 鈴木 千鶴子 羽田 美保 日原 さやか 難波 宏美 岡ノ谷 一夫 入來 篤史

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.56, no.2, 2006-12-25

著者

小牧 純爾

出版者

日本動物心理学会

雑誌

動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)

巻号頁・発行日

vol.41, no.1, pp.4-16, 1991-10-05

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The short history of learning set (LS) research was reviewed for the purpose of elucidating the present state of our knowledge of the subject. The following remarks were made : (1) Disproof of the uniprocess theory and the revised understanding of the transfer suppression greatly reduced the plausibility of Harlow's error-factor theory of LS. (2) Discovery of the equivalence of successive-reversal training and LS training, also disclosing another weakness of the error-factor theory, led to the acceptance of Levine's model as an alternative theory of LS. (3) Bessemer and Stollnitz elaborated basic ideas of the model and, introducing a distinction between error-factor effects and hypothesis learning, formulated a new version of hypothesis theory of LS. (4) Subsequent experimental studies examining transfer effects of overtraining and successive informed-reversal training tested implications of the theory and revealed flaws and restrictions of the theory. (5) These studies also provided evidence for believing the occurrence of attention learning during LS training. Both hypothesis and attention learning seem to contribute to the formation of LS.