著者
加藤 知歩 井深 信男
出版者
日本動物心理学会
雑誌
動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.52, no.2, pp.67-71, 2002 (Released:2008-02-06)
参考文献数
17

The present experiment was performed to investigate the interactive effects of different prior photoperiods and stress on testicular weight in Syrian hamsters under the neutral photoperiod. Seasonality was experimentally manipulated by the change of photoperiod. One group was exposed to LD 12.5 : 11.5 for 12 weeks following 8-week long photoperiod (LP)exposure. The other group was exposed to the same neutral photoperiod for 12 weeks after 8-week short photoperiod(SP). Stress was produced by food deprivation of fixed days or random days throughout the 12 weeks of the neutral photoperiod. The results clearly showed that unpredictable food deprivation on 25% days throughout the 12-week testing period induced more detrimental effects on testes than predictable deprivation once every 4 days in the LP group. Stress tolerance associated with food deprivation was weaker for the animals transferred from LP than for the ones transferred from SP. This finding suggests that stress tolerance varies with season.
著者
後藤 和宏
出版者
日本動物心理学会
雑誌
動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.62.1.8, (Released:2012-07-06)
参考文献数
36
被引用文献数
3 1

Anthropomorphim is an enduring controversy in comparative cognition. Some studies in comparative cognition search for human-like behavior as evidence for evolutionary continuity of mental processes as Darwin encouraged. Others eschew interpreting observed behaviors in terms of anthropomorphic mental processes. Even in the former cases, students of comparative cognition often use the predictions by associative learning or reinforcement learning as killjoy explanations to examine the existence of complex cognitive processes shared between humans and other species. In the present paper, I reviewed some of such challenges, including my own, to show how anthropomorphic questions can be studied scientifically. I also reviewed other studies in which the killjoy explanations were inappropriately applied. Misuses of the killjoy explanations are typically revealed by showing human adults behave differently from the experimenters anthropomorphic predictions.

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出版者
日本動物心理学会
雑誌
動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.64, no.1, pp.43-44, 2014 (Released:2014-06-24)

1 0 0 0 OA 会報

出版者
日本動物心理学会
雑誌
動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.72, no.2, pp.55-60, 2022 (Released:2022-12-16)

1 0 0 0 OA 会報

出版者
日本動物心理学会
雑誌
動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.61, no.1, pp.125-127, 2011 (Released:2011-07-15)
著者
関口 勝夫 牛谷 智一 実森 正子
出版者
日本動物心理学会
雑誌
動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.61, no.1, pp.95-105, 2011 (Released:2011-07-15)
参考文献数
29
被引用文献数
1 1

Two experiments investigated the processing of global and local information by pigeons. In Experiment 1, pigeons were trained to discriminate four hierarchical stimuli composed of two letters at global level and two other letters at local level. Color frames predicted the level to be tested in the subsequent two-alternative forced-choice test. The pigeons learned to discriminate the global/local compound stimuli and then showed successful transfer to the stimuli composed of novel letters that were irrelevant to the subsequent test. In Experiment 2, new pigeons were trained with the stimuli that had relevant letters only at one level. The local-relevant and global-relevant stimuli appeared in alternating daily sessions, so that the daily context allowed attention to be directed to the appropriate level. Performances on probe trials for the familiar training stimuli and novel global/local compound stimuli were compared under the context-consistent and context-inconsistent conditions. The tests revealed a cognitive precedence for local information of the compound stimuli.
著者
橘 亮輔
出版者
日本動物心理学会
雑誌
動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.71, no.1, pp.1-11, 2021

<p>Song learning of songbirds provides us a unique opportunity to study detailed mechanisms for vocal learning in various species, including humans. Recent studies in the behavioral neuroscience field have shown accumulated evidence indicating that their song learning is based on reinforcement via the auditory feedback of their own voice. The present review introduces an experimental paradigm that can elicit additional learning in bird's songs as a response to perturbations in the auditory feedback with noise presentation. This paradigm, named the noise-avoidance (NA) experiment, is quite useful for understanding the mechanism for song learning. Here I summarize findings obtained from the NA experiments, and review the current understanding of behavioral and neuroscientific mechanisms for feedback-based vocal learning. Additionally, I discuss computational aspects of the NA behavior in light of the reinforcement learning framework, and how the NA paradigm can be associated with the operant conditioning.</p>
著者
佐藤 綾
出版者
日本動物心理学会
雑誌
動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.68, no.1, pp.89-97, 2018

<p>The guppy (<i>Poecilia reticulata</i>), a polyandrous livebearing fish, is a model organism in the study of sexual selection. This species exhibits sexual dimorphism, such as male body coloration (orange, black, or iridescence color spots). Although there is evidence of a preference for colorful males in female mate choice, a wide variation in male color patterns is found even in a population. Recently, there has been an increase in studies examining the postcopulatory processes involved in sperm competition and cryptic female choice in this species. If male traits that favor sperm competition and/or cryptic female choice correspond with traits preferred in female mate choice, then postcopulatory processes will reinforce the selection to colorful males. In contrast, if males with traits preferred by females are not favored by sperm competition and/or cryptic female choice, then postcopulatory processes will weaken the selection to colorful males. In this paper, I review studies of the relationships between male guppy coloration and female mate choice, sperm competition, and cryptic female choice, and discuss the possible factors that maintain the variation in male coloration.</p>
著者
今西 錦司
出版者
日本動物心理学会
雑誌
動物心理学年報 (ISSN:00035130)
巻号頁・発行日
no.3, pp.11-31, 1953
被引用文献数
3

i) 冬季における御崎馬の社会では, 1 頭または 2 頭からなる小世帶を, 形成しているものが多い。<BR>ii) これらの小世帶の中には, お互いにその行動圏の overlap しているものがあつて, その間には neighborhood 関係の認められるものもある。<BR>iii) 大世帶で生活しているものは, グループとして独立している;すなわち他の世帶と, neighborhood 関係で結ばれていない。交尾期になつても, 交尾集団の成立のために, グループを解散するようなごとはない。<BR>iv) 大世帶グループには, nelghborhood 関係というよりも, 知己関係といつた方がよいような馬が, 客員としてはいつてきている。<BR>v) 大世帶グループでは, その中にいるリーダー格の馬が, アトラクションの中心となつている。その馬を中心に, 血縁的な結びつきの存在することも考えられるが, 必らずしもそれだけでにないらしい。客員は, このリーダーにひかれて, グループに入つてきているように見える。<BR>vi) 〓の行動圏は一般にひろい。その中には大世帶の行動圏も, 小世帶の行動圏もふくまれる。そこに〓を介した community 関係ともいうべき, 一つの社会関係が認められる。<BR>vii) しかし, 大世帶と小世帶とで, 〓に対する関係がちがう。〓は小世帶をリードできても, 大世帶をリードすることはできない。ゆえに大世帶に対しては, 〓も客員となつてそのリードにまかすか, あういはその中かち結合の弱いものを, とりこにするの他はない。<BR>viii) 以上から, この馬の社会では, 〓の地位と, 大世帶グループのリーダーとなつている〓の地位とが, social organization の key point をなすものである, といえよう。<BR>ix) われわれはこれで, 春の交尾期と冬の疎開期との, 概況を知つたから, つぎには, イワクラと小松が辻の草地に, ほどんどすべての馬が出そろうという, 夏の集中期をえらんで調査してみたいのである
著者
岩田 清二 渡辺 宗孝
出版者
日本動物心理学会
雑誌
動物心理学年報 (ISSN:00035130)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.7, pp.53-56, 1957-04-25 (Released:2009-10-14)
参考文献数
1
被引用文献数
4 6

(1) 交替性転向反応の顕著な, ダンゴムシArmadillidium vulgareを用いて, 強制転向後の直進性と転向性とをしらべた。(2) 出発点から強制転向点を通り4cm程直進した後に十字路にでた虫は, そこで強制転向点における転向方向と反対方向の横路に入るものがかなりあるが, それよりもそのまゝ直進路に入りこむものの方が遙かに多い。(3) そのまゝ直進路に入りこんだものでも更に4cm直進させてからT字路につき当らせると, 強制転向点における転向方向と逆方向に曲るものの方が同じ方向に曲るものよりも多い。(4) 強制転向点を通り4cm直進してから開放面にでた虫の転向角は強制転向の方向と逆方向の15°~45°をmodeとする分布を示す。上述の結果はこの分布から説明される。

1 0 0 0 OA 質疑應答

出版者
日本動物心理学会
雑誌
動物心理 (ISSN:18836275)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.1, no.3-4, pp.139-140, 1935-02-01 (Released:2009-10-13)
著者
井口 善生
出版者
日本動物心理学会
雑誌
動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.58, no.1, pp.61-68, 2008

Associative learning has contributed to the advancement of understanding animal cognition. This approach has proposed useful models of the underlying mechanisms in the acquisition of behaviors, whereas comparative cognitive science provides explanations on animal cognition from evolutionary perspectives. In this article, I first demonstrate evidence to the value of the associative learning mechanisms in the explanation of the blocking and backward blocking phenomena (retrospective revaluation) in both humans and nonhuman animals. Then, I review a study of episodic-like memory in western scrub jays in order to show methodological and theoretical linkages between associative learning and comparative cognitive science. Although levels of explanation in cognitive processes studied in the two approaches seem to be different, I conclude that associative learning can provide valuable simple accounts on various issues in studies of comparative cognitive science. The integration of the two approaches will be critical to the further advancement of studies of animal psychology.
著者
実森 正子
出版者
日本動物心理学会
雑誌
動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.62.2.1, (Released:2012-12-16)
参考文献数
46

The field of animal learning and behavior has a long history and continues to contribute in important ways to the understanding of cognitive processes in different animal species as compared to human beings. Animals have considerable flexibility to optimize their behaviors in solving particular problems as well as coping with ever-changing circumstances. Research on learning mechanisms from a comparative perspective may deepen our understanding of functional significance of cognitive behaviors of both human and nonhuman species. Examples are taken from studies of list memory, categorization, formation and expansion of equivalence relations among physically different stimuli, and visual search for category.
著者
小川 隆
出版者
日本動物心理学会
雑誌
動物心理学年報 (ISSN:00035130)
巻号頁・発行日
vol.5, pp.70-76, 1955-04-25 (Released:2009-10-14)
参考文献数
15
被引用文献数
4 1

伝書鳩を用いて行動の実験的分析をする試みは近来, SKINNER B.F. (10, 11, 12) らによつて努力されている。この方法はネズミを用いる場合と並んで, 問題によつてはそれ以上に有効なようである。筆者らの若干の実験からしても, 条件反応の形成が比較的容易であること, 色彩の弁別などでは鋭敏な能力のあることが認められる。筆者らの実験は広い意味で弁別道具条件づけoperant discriminationに属しているが, 実験の成果については他の機会にゆずり本稿ではその手続, 方法, 条件つげの経過にみられる特徴などについて若干の考察をなし, 鳩を使用して今後, 実験される方々の参考にしたい。
著者
中田 龍三郎 長田 佳久
出版者
日本動物心理学会
雑誌
動物心理学研究 (ISSN:09168419)
巻号頁・発行日
pp.0809260034, (Released:2008-10-03)
参考文献数
25

We investigated how squirrel monkeys and humans employ various facial cues to discriminate individual faces of their own and other species. After squirrel monkeys were trained to discriminate two individual faces, they were tested with a variety of modified stimuli. The test stimuli used in experiment 1 preserved specific facial features used in training and the test stimuli in experiment 2 were faces that included facial features not used in training and those used as test stimuli in experiment 1. We compared the results to those obtained in humans (experiment 3). We found that the eyes played a significant role as cues for discrimination of individual faces. Furthermore, unlike the human subjects, monkeys used the outer facial boundary of their own species as a cue for discrimination. We suggest that squirrel monkeys may use their faces for discrimination of individuals and that the information of faces for discrimination of their own species may differ from those of other species.